Inhibitors of beta-secretase

ABSTRACT

The present invention is directed to a compound represented by the following structural formula 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Pharmaceutical compositions and method of use of the compounds are also described.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

β-Amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles are two major pathologic characterizations associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Clinically, AD is characterized by the loss of memory, cognition, reasoning, judgment, and orientation. Also affected, as the disease progresses, are motor, sensory and linguistic abilities until global impairment of multiple cognitive functions occurs. These cognitive losses take place gradually, but typically lead to severe impairment and eventual death in 4-12 years.

β-Amyloid deposits are predominantly an aggregate of Aβ peptide, which in turn is a product of the proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP). More specifically, Aβ peptide results from the cleavage of APP at the C-terminals by one or more γ-secretases, and at the N-terminus by β-secretase enzyme (BACE), also known as aspartyl protease, as part of the β-amyloidogenic pathway.

BACE activity is correlated directly to the generation of Aβ peptide from APP, and studies increasingly indicate that the inhibition of BACE inhibits the production of Aβ peptide.

Amyloidogenic plaques and vascular amyloid angiopathy also characterize the brains of patients with Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome), Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis of the Dutch-type (HCHWA-D), and other neurodegenerative disorders. Neurofibrillary tangles also occur in other neurodegenerative disorders including dementia-inducing disorders.

Recently, Amyloid-β (Aβ) has been reported to be implicated in the development of RGC apotosis in glaucoma, with evidence of caspase-3-mediated abnormal amyloid precursor protein processing, increased expression of Aβ in RGCs in experimental glaucoma and decreased vitreous Aβ levels (consistent with retinal Aβ deposition) in patients with glaucoma.

The present invention provides compounds that are BACE inhibitors and are useful as therapeutic agents in the treatment, prevention and amelioration of a disease or disorder characterized by elevated β-amyloid deposits or β-amyloid levels in a patient.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to a compound represented by the following Structural Formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

ring Het is a 5 membered monocyclic heterocycle or a 6 membered monocyclic heterocycle;

R_(a) and R_(b) are each independently —H, -halogen, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, methoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl and fluoro(C₁-C₄)alkyl;

each R₀ is independent selected from —H, ═O, ═S, ═NR₁₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —CN, —NO₂, halogen, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, each of the (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl group represented by R_(o) is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of -halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —S(O)_(i)R₅—, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —OR₅, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —C(O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, (C═O)OR₅, (C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃ and —C(═S)R₅, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups in the substituents on the groups represented by R_(o) are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₁ is —H, —OH, —(C₁-C₄)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl; wherein each alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, —OH, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy and halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy;

each R₂ is independently selected from a) —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, (C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, (C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, and —C(═O)R₅; and b) (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₄-C₈)cycloalkenyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, and heteroaryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, wherein each of the (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₄-C₈)cycloalkenyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, and heteroaryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl groups represented by R₂ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)R₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —OC(═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)R₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, (C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₄-C₈)cycloalkenyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups in the substituents on the groups represented by R₂ are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₃ and R₄ are each independently —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, (C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, (C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, (C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkynyl, wherein each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkynyl represented by R₃ and R₄ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, (C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, (C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, (C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups in the substituents on the groups represented by R₃ and R₄ are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

or R₃ and R₄, together with the carbon to which they are attached, form ring A, which is a 3-14 membered monocyclic ring, 9-14 membered bicyclic ring or 9-14 membered polycyclic ring, wherein ring A optionally contains 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, and S and when the heteroatom is nitrogen, the nitrogens is substituted with —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, and when the heteroatom is sulfur, the sulfurs is optionally mono or di-oxygenated; and ring A is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of -halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₉)hetero cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, and heteroaryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups in the substituents on ring A are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₅ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, each of the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl in the groups represented by R₅ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, ═O, —NR₆C(═NH)NR₆R₇, —C(═O)OR_(c), —OR_(c), —SR_(c), —C(═O)NR₆R₇, —C(═O)R_(c), —S(O)_(i)R_(c), —NO₂, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and —NR₆R₇;

R_(c) is —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl or (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl;

R₆ and R₇ are each independently —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl, or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, all of which groups are optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₈ and R₉, together with the carbon to which they are attached, form ring A, which is a 3-14 membered monocyclic ring, 9-14 membered bicyclic ring or 9-14 membered polycyclic ring, wherein ring A optionally contains 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, and S and when the heteroatom is nitrogen, the nitrogen is substituted with —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, and when the heteroatom is sulfur, the sulfur is optionally mono or di-oxygenated; and ring A is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of from halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, —C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₉)hetero cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, and heteroaryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups in the substituents on ring A are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, or two substituents attached to the same ring atom of ring A can together with the ring atom to which they are attached form a 3 to 6 membered cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl ring optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from -halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, and heteroaryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl; or

when R₃ and R₄, together with the carbon to which they are attached, form a ring A, R₈ and R₉ are each independently —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, and —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkynyl, wherein each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkynyl group represented by R₈ and R₉ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of -halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups in the substituents on the groups represented by R₈ and R₉ are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₁₁ is —H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl, wherein (C₁-C₆)alkyl is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substitutes independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₁₂ and R₁₃ are each independently —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, amino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, di(C₁-C₃)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, wherein the (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl group is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

or R₁₂ and R₁₃, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a 3-8 membered ring optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₆R₇, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein the 3-8 membered ring optionally contains 1 to 3 additional heteroatoms, which are independently selected from O, N and S, wherein when the additional heteroatom is nitrogen, the nitrogen is substituted with —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, and when the additional heteroatom is sulfur, the sulfur is optionally mono or di-oxygenated;

R₁₅ is —H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5-F.

i is 0, 1 or 2;

p is 1, 2 3 or 4; and

q is 1, 2 or 3.

In another embodiment, the compound of the present invention is represented by the following Structural Formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

W is —N(R₁₄)—, —S— or —O—;

Z is —C(═O)—, —C(═S)—, —C(═NR₁₅)—, —O—, —C(═O)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—, —C(R₁₆R₁₇)C(═O)—, —C(═S)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—, —C(R₁₆R₁₇)C(═S)—, —N(R₁₈)—, —(CR₁₆R₁₇)_(m)—, —O—C(R₁₆R₁₇)— or —C(R₁₆R₁₇)—O—; provided when W is —S— or —O—, Z is not —O—;

R₁₄ is independent selected from —H, ═O, ═S, —NR₆R₇, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl represented by R₁₄ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of -halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅ and —C(═O)R₅;

R₁₆ and R₁₇ are each independently —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5-F;

R₁₈ is —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5-F; and

m is 1 or 2.

The remainder of the variables are as described above for Structural Formula (A).

In another embodiment, the compound of the present invention is represented by Structural Formula (I′), wherein:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

X is —O—, —CH₂—C(R₃R₄)—, or —C(R₃R₄)—;

W is —N(R₁₄)—, —S—, —O—;

Z is —C(═O)—, —C(═S)—, —C(═NR₁₅)—, —O—, —C(═O)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—, —C(═S)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—, —C(═NR₁₅)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—, —N(R₁₈)—, —(CR₁₆R₁₇)_(m)— or —O—(CR₁₆R₁₇)—; provided when W is —S— or —O—, Z is not —O—;

R₁ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

each R₂ is independently selected from a) —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, and —C(═O)R₅; and b) (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, phenoxy, and benzyloxy, each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl;

R₃ and R₄ are each independently —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl;

or R₃ and R₄, together with the carbon to which they are attached, form ring A, which is a 3-14 membered monocyclic ring, 9-14 membered bicyclic ring or 9-14 membered polycyclic ring, wherein ring A is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl;

R₅ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloheteroalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or benzyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₆ and R₇ are each independently —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₈ and R₉, together with the carbon to which they are attached, form ring A, which is a 3-14 membered monocyclic ring, 9-14 membered bicyclic ring or 9-14 membered polycyclic ring, wherein ring A is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkyl carbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; or

when R₃ and R₄, together with the carbon to which they are attached, form a ring A, R₈ and R₉ are each independently —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl;

R₁₁ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₁₂ and R₁₃ are each independently —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, amino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, or di(C₁-C₃)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

or R₁₂ and R₁₃, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a 3-8 membered ring optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein the 3-8 membered ring optionally contains 1 to 3 additional heteroatoms, which are independently selected from O, N and S, wherein when the additional heteroatom is nitrogen, the nitrogens is substituted with —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, and when the additional heteroatom is sulfur, the sulfurs is optionally mono or di-oxygenated;

R₁₄ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy;

R₁₅ is —H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₁₆ and R₁₇ are each independently —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl;

R₁₈ is —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl;

i is 0, 1 or 2;

p is 1 or 2; and

m is 1 or 2.

One embodiment of the invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and a compound disclosed herein (e.g., a compound represented by Structural Formula (A), (I) or (I′), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof).

Another embodiment of the invention is a method of inhibiting BACE activity in a subject in need of such treatment. The method comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of a BACE inhibitor disclosed herein (e.g., a compound represented by Structural Formula (A), (I) or (I′), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof).

Another embodiment of the invention is a method of treating a BACE mediated disorder in a subject. The method comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of a BACE inhibitor disclosed herein (e.g., a compound represented by Structural Formula (A), (I) or (I′), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof).

Another embodiment of the invention is the use of a BACE inhibitor disclosed herein (e.g., a compound represented by Structural Formula (A), (I) or (I′), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) for the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting BACE activity in a subject.

Another embodiment of the invention is the use of a BACE inhibitor disclosed herein (e.g., a compound represented by Structural Formula (A), (I) or (I′), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof) for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a BACE mediated disorder in a subject.

Another embodiment of the invention is the use of a BACE inhibitor disclosed herein (e.g., a compound represented by Structural Formula (A), (I) or (I′), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for inhibiting BACE activity in a subject in need of such treatment.

Another embodiment of the invention is the use of a BACE inhibitor disclosed herein (e.g., a compound represented by Structural Formula (A), (I) or (I′), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for treating a BACE mediated disorder in a subject.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to compounds represented by the Structural Formula (A), (I) or (I′), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Values and alternative values for the variables used in the Structural Formulas described herein are provided in the following paragraphs. It is understood that the invention encompasses all combinations of the substituent variables (i.e., R¹, R², R³, etc.) defined herein.—Values and alternative values for the variables are as follows:

1. R₁:

In one embodiment, R₁ is as described above for Structural Formula (A). In another embodiment, R₁ is as described above for Structural Formula (I′).

Alternatively, R₁ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl. In another embodiment, R₁ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl or benzyl. Alternatively, R₁ is —H or —C(O)—(C₁-C₃)alkyl (e.g., acetyl). In another embodiment, R₁ is —H.

2. R₂:

In one embodiment, R₂ is as described above for Structural Formula (A). In another embodiment, R₂ is as described above for Structural Formula (I′).

Alternatively, each R₂ is —H, halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₄-C₆)cycloalkenyl, phenyl, phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl, (C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl. The heteroaryl is selected from pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinonyl, pyridazinonyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl, indolyl, quinolyl, quinoxalinyl, triazole and thiophenyl, the heterocycloalkyl is selected from oxetanyl, tetrahydrafuran, tetrapyran, piperidine, pyrrolidinyl and pyrrolidinonyl. Each of (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₄-C₆)cycloalkenyl, phenyl, phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl and (C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl groups represented by R₂ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(O)R₅, —OH, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy and halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy.

In another alternative, each R₂ is independently selected from the group consisting of —H, —F, —Br, —Cl, —I, —OH, —CN, cyclopropylethyl, 5-propynyl-3-pyridyl, 2-fluoro-3-pyridyl, N,N-dimethylaminoethoxy, cyclopentoxy, cyclopropylmethoxy, 3-methoxypropyl, 3-methoxypropynyl, cyclopropylethynyl, 3-cyanophenyl, trifluoromethoxy, 2-chloro-4-pyridyl, 1-methanesulfonyl-4-piperidinylmethyl, 1-acetyl-4-piperidinylmethyl, 3-methanesulfonylphenyl, 5-trifluoromethyl-3-pyridyl, 2-methoxyethoxy, 2-methyl-5-pyridazin-3-onyl, 1-cyclopropyl-4-pyridin-2-onyl, 1-methyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-cyclopropyl-5-thiazolyl, trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, methoxy, 3-chloro-5-fluorophenyl, N-methyl-4-pyridin-2-onyl, 4-methylpentyl, 3-methoxyphenoxy, dimethylaminocabonyl, cyclopropyl, 1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, pyrrolidinylcarbonyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, difluoromethoxy, 1,1-dihydroxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, phenoxy, 2-methoxy-4-pyridyl, 2-methyl-5-thiazolyl, 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-2-yl, 5-thiazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, thiophen-3-ylethynyl, 1-hydroxycyclopentan-1-ylethynyl, 5-fluoro-3-pyridyl, pyrrolidinyl, 5-chloro-3-pyridyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyn-1-yl, phenylethynyl, cyclopentylethynyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-hydroxycyclopent-1-enyl, 3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3,5-dicyanophenyl, 3-fluoro-5-cyanophenyl, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 3-chloro-5-cyanophenyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 3-pyridyl, 3-cyano-4-fluorophenyl, 3-cyano-5-fluorophenyl 6-methoxypyrazin-2-yl, 6-indolyl, 3-chloro-5-methoxyphenyl, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 2-methyl-5-fluorophenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, phenyl, cyclopentylmethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 2-methylpropyl, phenylethyl, 1-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, ethyl, 4-methoxyphenylmethoxy, 1-methylethoxy, methoxycarbonyl, cyclopropyloxy, 5-cyano-3-pyridyl, 4-(propyn-1-yl)-2-thiophenyl, 4-bromo-2-thiazolyl, ethenyl, ethynyl, 4-methylpentyn-1-yl, dimethylaminopropyl, N-methylpyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl, 2,2-difluorocyclopropylmethoxy, 4-bromo-2-thiophenyl, methoxy, methyl, carboxy, 5-propyl-3-pyridyl, 2-methyl-5-fluorophenyl, 2-oxazolyl, propylthio, phenylthio, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, butyl, cyclobutylmethoxy, 2-methyl-5-pyrimidyl, pyrrolidin-2-onyl, 3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl, cyclopropylethyl, 2-propyloxy, 4-cyano-2-thiophenyl, ethoxymethyl, 4-methoxybenzyloxy, 1-methylethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, 5-chloro-3-pyridyl, 5-methyl-3-pyridyl, 2-methylpropyloxy and 2-chloro-4-pyridyl.

In one embodiment, each R₂ is independently selected from a) —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, and —C(═O)R₅; and b) (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, phenoxy, and benzyloxy, each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkyl carbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl.

In one embodiment, R₂ is —H, —Br, —F, —Cl or —CN.

In another embodiment, R₂ is (C₁-C₆)alkyl. In an alternative, R₂ is a (C₁-C₃)alkyl.

In another embodiment, R₂ is a (C₂-C₆)alkynyl optionally substituted with —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl. Alternatively, R₂ is a (C₂-C₆)alkynyl optionally substituted with a (C₁-C₆)alkyl or a (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl. In another alternative, R₂ is a (C₂-C₆)alkynyl optionally substituted with a cyclopropyl. In yet another alternative, R₂ is cyclopropylethynyl. Alternatively, R₂ is a (C₂-C₆)alkynyl optionally substituted with —F, —Cl, —Br, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy or (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl.

In another embodiment, R₂ is a phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkyl carbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl. Alternatively, R₂ is a phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy. In another alternative, R₂ is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, -Me, -Et, —OMe, —CF₃ and —OCF₃.

In another embodiment, R₂ is a 5-6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, C₃)alkyl carbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl and a heteroaryl group. In an alternative, R₂ is a pyridinyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, pyrimidinyl, each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl.

In another embodiment, R₂ is an indolyl, pyridinyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, pyrimidinyl, cyclohexyl, or thiozolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl. Alternatively, R₂ is an indolyl or pyridinyl optionally substituted with —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy or halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. In another alternative, R₂ is 2-pyridinyl or 6-indolyl.

In another embodiment, R₂ is —OR₅, wherein R₅ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, phenyl or phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein each of the (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, phenyl or phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl groups is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, —NO₂, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl and —NR₆R₇. More specifically, R₆ and R₇ are each independently selected from —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl.

3. R₃ and R₄

In one embodiment, R₃ and R₄ are as described above for Structural Formula (A). In another embodiment, R₃ and R₄ are as described above for Structural Formula (I′)

Alternatively, R₃ and R₄ are each independently —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl. In one embodiment, R₃ and R₄ are each independently —H, —F, —Cl, —Br or a (C₁-C₆)alkyl. In another embodiment, R₃ and R₄ are both —H.

In another embodiment, R₃ and R₄, together with the carbon to which they are attached, form ring A, which is a 3-14 membered monocyclic ring, 9-14 membered bicyclic ring or 9-14 membered polycyclic ring, wherein ring A is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl.

4. R₅:

In one embodiment, R₅ is as described above for Structural Formula (A). In another embodiment, R₅ is as described above for Structural Formula (I′)

Alternatively, R₅ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloheteroalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, or benzyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl. In a another alternative, R₅ is (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl or (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl. Alternatively, R₅ is methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, or trifluoromethyl.

In another embodiment, R₅ is selected from the group consisting of —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, phenyl and phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein the phenyl group in the groups represented by R₅ is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, ═O, —NR₆R₇, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl.

In another alternative embodiment, R₅ is selected from the group consisting of —H, methyl, ethyl, 2-propyl, 2-methylpropyl, cyclopentyl, —CHF₂, —CF₂CHF₂, —CH₂CF₃, —CF₃, cyclopropylmethyl, 2,2-difluorocyclopropylmethyl, methoxyethyl, phenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, (1-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl))ethylcarbonyl, dimethylaminoethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, and 4-methoxybenzyl.

5. R₆ and R₇:

In one embodiment, R₆ and R₇ are as described above for Structural Formula (A). In another embodiment, R₆ and R₇ are as described above for Structural Formula (I′)

Alternatively, R₆ and R₇ are each independently —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl. In a alternative embodiment, R₆ and R₇ are each independently —H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl. In another alternative embodiment, R₆ and R₇ are both —H. Alternatively, R₆ is —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl and R₇ is —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl or (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl.

In another alternative embodiment, R₆ is —H or methyl and R₇ is —H, methyl or —CH₂CF₃.

6. R₈ and R₉:

In one embodiment, R₈ and R₉ are as described above for Structural Formula (A). In another embodiment, R₈ and R₉ are as described above for Structural Formula (I′).

Alternatively, R₈ and R₉, together with the carbon to which they are attached, form ring A, which is a 3-14 membered monocyclic ring, 9-14 membered bicyclic ring or 9-14 membered polycyclic ring, wherein ring A is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl. In one embodiment, ring A is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and phenyl, wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy.

Alternatively, when R₃ and R₄, together with the carbon to which they are attached, form a ring A, R₈ and R₉ are each independently —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl. In an alternative embodiment, R₈ and R₉ are both —H.

7. Ring A:

In one embodiment, ring A is as described above for Structural Formula (A). In another embodiment, ring A is as described above for Structural Formula (I′)

Alternatively, ring A is a 5-7 membered monocyclic ring or a 9-14 membered bicyclic or tricyclic fused ring optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein ring A contains 0 to 2 heteroatoms, which are independently selected from O, N and S. Alternatively, the substituents are selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and phenyl, wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy.

In another alternative embodiment, ring A is selected from tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, cycloheptane, oxepane, 1,3-dioxane, piperidine, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene, tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]oxepine, and 2,3-dihydro-1H-phenalene, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and phenyl, wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. Alternatively, the substituents are selected from the group consisting of —F, —OMe, —OEt and -Ph.

In another embodiment, ring A is represented by the following Structural Formula:

wherein:

R₁₉ and R₂₀ are each independently selected from —H, halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, wherein each of the (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups represented by R₁₉ and R₂₀ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, —OH, —NR₁₁SO₂(C₁-C₃)alkyl, —NR₁₁C(═O)—(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl. Alternatively, R₂₀ is —H and R₁₉ is —OH, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy or (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. In another alternative embodiment, R₁₉ and R₂₀ are each independently —H or —NR₆R₇, wherein R₆ and R₇ are each independently selected from the group consisting of —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl.

In another embodiment, ring A is represented by the following Structural formula:

wherein:

R_(g) and R_(h), for each occurrence, are independently —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl represented by R_(b) is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl;

x is an integer from 1 to 4; and

y is an integer from 1 to 6.

In one embodiment, for structural formula (C), each R_(g) is independently selected from —H, Me and F and each R_(h) is independently —H, halogen, —CN, —NO₂, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, and halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. Alternatively, for structural formula (C), R_(g) is —H and each R_(h) is independently —H, halogen, —CN, —NO₂, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, and halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. In another alternative embodiment, for structural formula (C), R_(g) and R_(h) are both —H.

8. R₁₁:

In one embodiment, R₁₁ is as described above for Structural Formula (A). Alternatively, R₁₁ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl. In another alternative embodiment, R₁₁ is —H. Alternatively, R₁₁ is —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl (e.g., methyl).

9. R₁₂ and R₁₃:

In one embodiment, R₁₂ and R₁₃ are as described above for Structural Formula (A).

Alternatively, R₁₂ and R₁₃ are each independently —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, amino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, or di(C₁-C₃)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl. In a alternative embodiment, R₁₂ and R₁₃ are independently —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₃)alkyl, or di(C₁-C₃)alkylamino(C₁-C₃)alkyl. Alternatively, R₁₂ and R₁₃ are independently —H, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, methoxyethyl, cyanoethyl, or dimethylaminoethyl.

In another alternative embodiment, R₁₂ and R₁₃ together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached forms a pyrrolidine or piperidine ring, optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl. In another alternative embodiment, R₁₂ and R₁₃ together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached forms an unsubstituted pyrrolidine or piperidine ring.

10. R₁₄:

In one embodiment, R₁₄ is as described above for Structural Formula (I).

Alternatively, R₁₄ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy. In another alternative embodiment, R₁₄ is (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl or benzyl. In yet another alternative embodiment, R₁₄ is ethyl, propyl, cyclohexylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl, trifluoroethyl, or benzyl. In another alternative embodiment, R₁₄ is methyl.

In another alternative embodiment, R₁₄ is selected from the group consisting of (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl and (C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, —NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)R₅—, —OH and —C(O)OR₅.

In another alternative embodiment, R₁₄ is selected from (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein each of the group represented by R₁₄ is optionally substituted with a substituent selected from (C₁-C₃)alkyl, —CO₂H, —SO₂—(C₁-C₃)alkyl, —CN, —OH and —(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and the (C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl is selected from oxepane, tetrahydrapyran and N—(C₁-C₃)alkylpiperidine.

In another alternative embodiment, R₁₄ is —H, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, heteroaryl, phenyl, phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein the heteroaryl is selected from pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinonyl, pyridazinonyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl, indolyl, quinolyl, quinoxalinyl and thiophenyl and triazolyl, the (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl is selected from oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, piperidinyl and pyrrolidinyl, and each of the (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, heteroaryl, phenyl, phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl groups represented by R₁₄ is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁SO₂R₅, —OH, —COOR₅, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃ and thiazolyl.

In another alternative embodiment, R₁₄, when present, is selected from the group consisting of —H, methyl, ethyl, 2-propyl, 1-propyl, 1-butyl, benzyl, 2-pyridylmethyl, methoxyethyl, 1-methoxypropan-2-yl, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl, 4-cyanobenzyl, 2-cyanobenzyl, 3-cyanobenzyl, 2-thiazolylethyl, 2-thiazolylmethyl, 6-quinoxalinylmethyl, 1-phenylethyl, 2-propyl, tert-butyl, 3-dimethylaminobenzyl, 3-methanesulfonamidobenzyl, 3-methanesulfonylbenzyl, 2-oxazolylmethyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, 2-oxetanylmethyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 5-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 3-fluorobenzyl, 4-thiazolylmethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 3-tetrahydrofuranylmethyl, 2-tetrahydrofuranyl, 4-fluorobenzyl, 3-methoxybenzyl, 2-fluorobenzyl, 4-methanesulfonylbenzyl, 2-tetrahydrafuranylmethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridylmethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-chlorobenzyl, 2-methoxyethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, 4-tetrahydropyranylmethyl, 2-methylpropyl, phenylethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, 1-methylpropyl, 5-pyrimidylmethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, dimethylamino, 4-tetrahydropyranyl, 1-methylpiperidin-4-yl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-butyl, dimethylaminoethyl, 1-(3-pyridazinyl)ethyl, 1-methoxy-2-propyl, (4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl, (2-methoxy-2-phenyl)ethyl, (1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl, (quinoxalin-2-yl)methyl, 1-phenylethyl, methanesulfonylaminoethyl, aminocarbonylethyl, aminocarbonylmethyl, 3-methoxypropyl and (3-(2-thiazolyl))benzyl, carboxymethyl, 1-methylethoxycarbonylmethyl, 5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadizolyl, 4-pyridazinyl, 5-methyl-2-oxazolylethyl, 2-hydroxyl-2-methylpropyl, 2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl and 2-pyrazinylmethyl.

11. R₁₅, R₁₆, R₁₇ and R₁₈:

In one embodiment, R₁₅ is as described above for Structural Formula (A). Alternatively, R₁₅ is —H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl. In another embodiment, R₁₅ is —H.

In one embodiment, R₁₆ and R₁₇ are as described above for Structural Formula (I). Alternatively, R₁₆ and R₁₇ are each independently —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl. In another embodiment, R₁₆ and R₁₇ are both —H.

In one embodiment, R₁₈ is as described above for Structural Formula (I). Alternatively, R₁₈ is —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl. In another embodiment, R₁₈ is —H.

12. X, W, Z, i, p, m and q:

In one embodiment, X is as described above for Structural Formula (A). Alternatively, X is —O—, —CH₂—C(R₃R₄)—, or —C(R₃R₄)—. In one embodiment, X is —O—. In another embodiment, X is —CH₂—CH₂—. In another embodiment, X is —CH₂—.

In one embodiment, W is as described above for Structural Formula (I). Alternatively, W is —N(R₁₄)—, —S—, —O—. In one embodiment, W is —N(CH₃)—.

In one embodiment, Z is as described above for Structural Formula (I). Alternatively, Z is —C(═O)—, —C(═S)—, —C(═NR₁₅)—, —O—, —C(═O)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—, —C(═S)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—, —C(═NR₁₅)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—, —N(R₁₈)—, —(CR₁₆R₁₇)_(m)— or —O—(CR₁₆R₁₇)—. In one embodiment, Z is —C(═O)—. In another embodiment, Z is —O—. In another embodiment, Z is —C(═O)CH₂—.

i is 0, 1 or 2;

p is 1 or 2. In one embodiment, p is 1.

m is 1 or 2.

q is 1, 2 or 3.

In a 1^(st) embodiment, the compound of the present invention is represented by Structural Formula (II), (III) or (IV):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Values and alternative values for Structural Formulas (II), (III) and (IV) are as described above for Structural Formula (I) or (I′).

In a 2^(nd) embodiment, the compound of the present invention is represented by Structural Formulas (V)-(XXV):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Values or alternative values for the variables in Structural Formulas (V)-(XXV) are as described above for Structural Formula (I) or (I′).

In a 3^(rd) embodiment, the compound of the present invention is represented by Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Values and alternative values for variables in Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa) are as described above for Structural Formula (I) or (I′).

In one embodiment, ring A is a 5-7 membered monocyclic ring or a 9-14 membered bicyclic or tricyclic fused ring optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein ring A contains 0 to 2 heteroatoms, which are independently selected from O, N and S. Values and alternative values for the remainder of the variables are as described above for Structural Formula (I) or (I′). More specifically, the substituents are selected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and phenyl, wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. Even more specifically, R₁ is —H and R₁₄ is -Me.

In another embodiment, ring A is selected from tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, cycloheptane, oxepane, 1,3-dioxane, piperidine, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene, tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]oxepine and 2,3-dihydro-1H-phenalene, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and phenyl, wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. Values and alternative values for the remainder of the variables are as described above for Structural Formula (I) or (I′). More specifically, the substituents are selected from the group consisting of —F, —OMe, —OEt and -Ph. Even more specifically, R₁ is —H and R₁₄ is -Me.

In a 4^(th) embodiment, for Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa), R₂ is —H, —Br, —F, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, each of the (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl represented by R₂ is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl and a heteroaryl group. Values and alternative values for the remainder of the variables are as described above for Structural Formula (I) or (I′).

In a 5^(th) embodiment, for Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa), R₂ is —H, —Br, —F, —Cl or —CN. Values and alternative values for the remainder of the variables in Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa) are as described above in the 3^(rd) embodiment.

In a 6^(th) embodiment, for Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa), R₂ is (C₁-C₆)alkyl optionally substituted with —F, —Cl, —Br, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy or (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl. Values and alternative values for the remainder of the variables in Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXIIa) are as described above in the 3^(rd) embodiment. Alternatively, R₂ is a (C₁-C₃)alkyl.

In a 7^(th) embodiment, for Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa), R₂ is a (C₂-C₆)alkynyl optionally substituted with halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy or (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl with halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy or (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl. Values and values for the remainder of the variables in Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa) are as described above in the 3^(rd) embodiment. Alternatively, R₂ is a (C₂-C₆)alkynyl optionally substituted with a cyclopropyl. In another alternative, R₂ is cyclopropylethynyl.

In a 8^(th) embodiment, for Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa), R₂ is a phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl. with halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy or (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl. Values and alternative values for the remainder of the variables in Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa) are as described above in the 3^(rd) embodiment. Alternatively, R₂ is a phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy. In another alternative, R₂ is phenyl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, -Me, -Et, —OMe, —CF₃ and —OCF₃.

In a 9^(th) embodiment, for Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa), R₂ is a 5-6 membered heteroaryl optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl. Values and values for the remainder of the variables in Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa) are as described above in the 3^(rd) embodiment. Alternatively, the substituents are independently selected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl. In another alternative, R₂ is a pyridinyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl or pyrimidinyl, each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl.

In a 10^(th) embodiment, for Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa), R₂ is an indolyl, pyridinyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl, pyrimidinyl, cyclohexyl, or thiozolyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl. Values and alternative values for the remainder of the variables in Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa) are as described above in the 3^(rd) embodiment. Alternatively, R₂ is an indolyl or pyridinyl optionally substituted with —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy or halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. In another alternative, R₂ is 2-pyridinyl or 6-indolyl.

In a 11^(th) embodiment, the compound of the present invention is represented by the following Structural Formulas:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R₁₀ is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)R₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —OC(═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)R₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, (C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₄-C₈)cycloalkenyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups in the groups represented by R₁₀ are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl and s is 0, 1, 2 or 3. Values and alternative values for the remainder of the variables in Structural Formulas (Vb)-(XXVb) are as described above in Structural Formula (I) or (I′). In one embodiment, s is 1 or 2. Alternatively, R₁₀ is independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy and —SO₂(C₁-C₃)alkyl; and s is 0, 1, 2 or 3. In another alternative, R₁₀ is independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, and halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy; and s is 0, 1, 2 or 3. In yet another alternative, R₁₀ is independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, -Me, -Et, —OMe, —CF₃, —OCF₃. In another alternative embodiment, R₁₀ is independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, -Me, -Et, —OMe, —CF₃, —OCF₃ and —SO₂CH₃.

In one embodiment, ring A is a 5-7 membered monocyclic ring or a 9-14 membered bicyclic or tricyclic fused ring optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein ring A contains 0 to 2 heteroatoms, which are independently selected from O, N and S. Values and alternative values for the remainder of the variables are as described in the 11^(th) embodiment. More specifically, the substituents are selected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and phenyl, wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. Even more specifically, R₁ is —H and R₁₄ is -Me.

In another embodiment, for Structural Formulas (Vb)-(XXVb), ring A is selected from tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, cycloheptane, oxepane, 1,3-dioxane, piperidine, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene, tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]oxepine, and 2,3-dihydro-1H-phenalene, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and phenyl, wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with halogen (e.g., —F, —Cl or —Br), —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. Values and alternative values for the remainder of the variables are as described in the 11^(th) embodiment. More specifically, the substituents are selected from the group consisting of —F, —OMe, —OEt and -Ph. Even more specifically, R₁ is —H and R₁₄ is -Me.

In a 12^(th) embodiment, for compounds represented by Structural Formulas (A), (I), (I′), (II)-(XXV), (IIa)-(XXVa), (IIb)-(XXVb), ring A is represented by the following structural formula:

wherein R₁₉ and R₂₀ are each independently selected from —H, halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, wherein each of the (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups represented by R₁₉ and R₂₀ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, —OH, —NR₁₁SO₂(C₁-C₃)alkyl, —NR₁₁C(═O)—(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl. The remainder of the variables are as described above in the 1^(st), 2^(nd), 3^(rd), 4^(th), 5^(th), 6^(th), 7^(th), 8^(th), 9^(th), 10^(th) or 11^(th) embodiment. Alternatively, R₂₀ is —H and R₁₉ is —OH, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy or (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. In another alternative, R₁₉ and R₂₀ are each independently —H or —NR₆R₇, wherein R₆ and R₇ are each independently selected from the group consisting of —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl.

In a 13^(th) embodiment, for compounds represented by Structural Formulas (A), (I), (I′), (II)-(XXV), (IIa)-(XXVa), (IIb)-(XXVb), ring A is represented by the following structural formula:

wherein:

R_(g) and R_(h), for each occurrence, are independently —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl represented by R_(b) is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl;

x is an integer from 1 to 4; and

y is an integer from 1 to 6.

The remainder of the variables are as described above in the 1^(st), 2^(nd), 3^(rd), 4^(th), 5^(th), 6^(th), 7^(th), 8^(th), 9^(th), 10^(th) or 11^(th) embodiment. Alternatively, each R_(g) is independently selected from —H, Me and F and each R_(h) is independently —H, halogen, —CN, —NO₂, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, and halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. Alternatively, each R_(g) is independently selected from —H, Me and F and each R_(h) is independently —H, halogen, —CN, —NO₂, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, and halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. In another alternative embodiment, R_(g) is —H and each R_(h) is independently —H, halogen, —CN, —NO₂, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, and halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy. In yet another alternative, R_(g) and R_(h) are both —H.

In a 14^(th) embodiment, the compounds of the present invention are represented by the following structural formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R₁₉ and R₂₀ are each independently selected from —H, halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, wherein each of the (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups represented by R₁₉ and R₂₀ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, —OH, —NR₁₁SO₂(C₁-C₃)alkyl, —NR₁₁C(═O)—(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; and the remainder of the variables are as described in the 1^(st), 2^(nd), 3^(rd), 4^(th), 5^(th), 6^(th), 7^(th), 8^(th), 9^(th), 10^(th) or 11^(th) embodiment.

In one embodiment, for compounds represented by Structural Formula (D) or (E):

each R₂ is independently selected from the group consisting of —H, halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₆R₇, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, each of (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl are optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the aryl and heteroaryl groups in the substituents on the groups represented by R₂ are each independently optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₁₄ is selected from the group consisting of (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl and (C₃-C₇)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, —NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)R₅—, —OH and —C(O)OR₅; and

R₂₀ is —H and R₁₉ is —OH, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy or (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkoxy.

In a 15^(th) embodiment, for compounds represented by Structural Formulas (I)-(XXV), (Va)-(XXVa) and (Vb)-(XXVb):

R₁ is —H or —C(═O)(C₁-C₃)alkyl;

for Structural Formulas (I)-(XXV) and (Va)-(XXVa), R₂ is —H, halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₄-C₆)cycloalkenyl, phenyl, phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl, (C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein the heteroaryl is selected from pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinonyl, pyridazinonyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl, indolyl, quinolyl, quinoxalinyl, triazole and thiophenyl, the heterocycloalkyl is selected from oxetanyl, tetrahydrafuran, tetrapyran, piperidine, pyrrolidinyl and pyrrolidinonyl, and each of (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₄-C₆)cycloalkenyl, phenyl, phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl and (C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl groups represented by R₂ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(O)R₅, —OH, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy and halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy; and

R₁₄, when present, is —H, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₅)hetero cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, heteroaryl, phenyl, phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein the heteroaryl is selected from pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinonyl, pyridazinonyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl, indolyl, quinolyl, quinoxalinyl and thiophenyl and triazolyl, the (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl is selected from oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, piperidinyl and pyrrolidinyl, and each of the (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, heteroaryl, phenyl, phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl groups represented by R₁₄ is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁SO₂R₅, —OH, —COOR₅, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃ and thiazolyl; and

for Structural Formulas (Vb)-(XXVb), each R₁₀ is independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy and —SO₂(C₁-C₃)alkyl; and s is 0, 1, 2 or 3.

The remainder of the variables are as described above in the 1^(st), 2^(nd), 3^(rd), 11^(th), 12^(th) or 13^(th) embodiment.

In a 16^(th) embodiment, for compounds represented by Structural Formulas (I)-(XXV), (Va)-(XXVa) and (Vb)-(XXVb):

R₁ is —H or —C(═O)CH₃.

for Structural Formulas (Va)-(XXVa) each R₂ is independently selected from the group consisting of —H, —F, —Br, —Cl, —I, —OH, —CN, cyclopropylethyl, 5-propynyl-3-pyridyl, 2-fluoro-3-pyridyl, N,N-dimethylaminoethoxy, cyclopentoxy, cyclopropylmethoxy, 3-methoxypropyl, 3-methoxypropynyl, cyclopropylethynyl, 3-cyanophenyl, trifluoromethoxy, 2-chloro-4-pyridyl, 1-methanesulfonyl-4-piperidinylmethyl, 1-acetyl-4-piperidinylmethyl, 3-methanesulfonylphenyl, 5-trifluoromethyl-3-pyridyl, 2-methoxyethoxy, 2-methyl-5-pyridazin-3-onyl, 1-cyclopropyl-4-pyridin-2-onyl, 1-methyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-cyclopropyl-5-thiazolyl, trifluoromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, methoxy, 3-chloro-5-fluorophenyl, N-methyl-4-pyridin-2-onyl, 4-methylpentyl, 3-methoxyphenoxy, dimethylaminocabonyl, cyclopropyl, 1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, pyrrolidinylcarbonyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, difluoromethoxy, 1,1-dihydroxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, phenoxy, 2-methoxy-4-pyridyl, 2-methyl-5-thiazolyl, 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-2-yl, 5-thiazolyl, 2-thiazolyl, thiophen-3-ylethynyl, 1-hydroxycyclopentan-1-ylethynyl, 5-fluoro-3-pyridyl, pyrrolidinyl, 5-chloro-3-pyridyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyn-1-yl, phenylethynyl, cyclopentylethynyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-hydroxycyclopent-1-enyl, 3-fluoro-5-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3,5-dicyanophenyl, 3-fluoro-5-cyanophenyl, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 3,5-dichlorophenyl, 3-chloro-5-cyanophenyl, 3-pyridazinyl, 3-pyridyl, 3-cyano-4-fluorophenyl, 3-cyano-5-fluorophenyl 6-methoxypyrazin-2-yl, 6-indolyl, 3-chloro-5-methoxyphenyl, 3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 2-methyl-5-fluorophenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, phenyl, cyclopentylmethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 2-methylpropyl, phenylethyl, 1-pentyl, 2-methylbutyl, ethyl, 4-methoxyphenylmethoxy, 1-methylethoxy, methoxycarbonyl, cyclopropyloxy, 5-cyano-3-pyridyl, 4-(propyn-1-yl)-2-thiophenyl, 4-bromo-2-thiazolyl, ethenyl, ethynyl, 4-methylpentyn-1-yl, dimethylaminopropyl, N-methylpyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl, 2,2-difluorocyclopropylmethoxy, 4-bromo-2-thiophenyl, methoxy, methyl, carboxy, 5-propyl-3-pyridyl, 2-methyl-5-fluorophenyl, 2-oxazolyl, propylthio, phenylthio, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, butyl, cyclobutylmethoxy, 2-methyl-5-pyrimidyl, pyrrolidin-2-onyl, 3,3-difluoropyrrolidin-1-yl, cyclopropylethyl, 2-propyloxy, 4-cyano-2-thiophenyl, ethoxymethyl, 4-methoxybenzyloxy, 1-methylethyl, cyclohexylmethyl, 5-chloro-3-pyridyl, 5-methyl-3-pyridyl, 2-methylpropyloxy and 2-chloro-4-pyridyl; and

R₁₄, when present, is selected from the group consisting of —H, methyl, ethyl, 2-propyl, 1-propyl, 1-butyl, benzyl, 2-pyridylmethyl, methoxyethyl, 1-methoxypropan-2-yl, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl, 4-cyanobenzyl, 2-cyanobenzyl, 3-cyanobenzyl, 2-thiazolylethyl, 2-thiazolylmethyl, 6-quinoxalinylmethyl, 1-phenylethyl, 2-propyl, tert-butyl, 3-dimethylaminobenzyl, 3-methanesulfonamidobenzyl, 3-methanesulfonylbenzyl, 2-oxazolylmethyl, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy, 2-oxetanylmethyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 5-fluoro-2-pyridyl, 3-fluorobenzyl, 4-thiazolylmethyl, 2,2-difluoroethyl, 3-tetrahydrofuranylmethyl, 2-tetrahydrofuranyl, 4-fluorobenzyl, 3-methoxybenzyl, 2-fluorobenzyl, 4-methanesulfonylbenzyl, 2-tetrahydrafuranylmethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridylmethyl, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-chlorobenzyl, 2-methoxyethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, 4-tetrahydropyranylmethyl, 2-methylpropyl, phenylethyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, 1-methylpropyl, 5-pyrimidylmethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, dimethylamino, 4-tetrahydropyranyl, 1-methylpiperidin-4-yl, 2-fluoroethyl, 2-butyl, dimethylaminoethyl, 1-(3-pyridazinyl)ethyl, 1-methoxy-2-propyl, (4-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl, (2-methoxy-2-phenyl)ethyl, (1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl, (quinoxalin-2-yl)methyl, 1-phenylethyl, methanesulfonylaminoethyl, aminocarbonylethyl, aminocarbonylmethyl, 3-methoxypropyl and (3-(2-thiazolyl))benzyl, carboxymethyl, 1-methylethoxycarbonylmethyl, 5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadizolyl, 4-pyridazinyl, 5-methyl-2-oxazolylethyl, 2-hydroxyl-2-methylpropyl, 2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl and 2-pyrazinylmethyl;

for Structural Formula (Vb)-(XXVb), each R₁₀ is independently selected from the group consisting of —H, —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, -Me, -Et, —OMe, —CF₃, —OCF₃ and —SO₂CH₃.

The remainder of the variables are as described above in the 1^(st), 2^(nd), 3^(rd), 11^(th), 12^(th) or 13^(th) embodiment.

In a 17^(th) embodiment, for compounds described in the 1^(st) to 16^(th) embodiment:

R₅ is selected from the group consisting of —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, phenyl and phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein the phenyl group in the groups represented by R₅ is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, ═O, —NR₆R₇, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl;

R₆ is —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl;

R₇ is —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl or (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl;

R₁₁ is —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl;

R₁₂ is —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl; and

R₁₃ is —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl or (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, or R₁₂ and R₁₃ together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached forms a pyrrolidine or piperidine ring. In a 18^(th) embodiment, for compounds described in the 1^(st) to 16^(th) embodiments:

R₅ is selected from the group consisting of —H, methyl, ethyl, 2-propyl, 2-methylpropyl, cyclopentyl, —CHF₂, —CF₂CHF₂, —CH₂CF₃, —CF₃, cyclopropylmethyl, 2,2-difluorocyclopropylmethyl, methoxyethyl, phenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, (1-amino-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl))ethylcarbonyl, dimethylaminoethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, and 4-methoxybenzyl;

R₆ is —H or methyl,

R₇ is —H, methyl or —CH₂CF₃,

R₁₁ is —H or methyl,

R₁₂ and R₁₃ are each independently —H or methyl, or R₁₂ and R₁₃ together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form a pyrrolidine ring.

GENERAL DEFINITIONS

Terms not specifically defined herein should be given the meanings that would be given to them by one of skill in the art in light of the disclosure and the context. As used in the specification, however, unless specified to the contrary, the following terms have the meaning indicated and the following conventions are adhered to.

In the groups, radicals, or moieties defined below, the number of carbon atoms is often specified preceding the group. For example, (C₁-C₆)alkyl means an alkyl group or radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. In general, for groups comprising two or more subgroups, the last named subgroup is the radical attachment point. For example, the substituent “aryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl” means an aryl group which is bound to a (C₁-C₃)alkyl group, the latter of which is bound to the core or to the group to which the substituent is attached.

When a compound of the present invention is depicted in form of a chemical name and as a formula, in case of any discrepancy, the formula shall prevail.

When any variable (e.g. aryl, heterocyclyl, R¹, R² etc.) occurs more than once in a compound, its definition on each occurrence is independent of any other occurrence.

“Alkyl” means a saturated aliphatic branched or straight-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical having the specified number of carbon atoms. For example, “(C₁-C₆)alkyl” means a radical having from 1-6 carbon atoms in a linear or branched arrangement. “(C₁-C₆)alkyl” includes methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, and hexyl.

“Alkenyl” means branched or straight-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing at least one double bond and having specified number of carbon atoms. Alkenyl may be mono or polyunsaturated, and may exist in the E or Z configuration. For example, “(C₂-C₆)alkenyl” means a radical having from 2-6 carbon atoms in a linear or branched arrangement.

“Alkynyl” means branched or straight-chain monovalent hydrocarbon radical containing at least one triple bond and having specified number of carbon atoms. For example, “(C₂-C₆)alkynyl” means a radical having from 2-6 carbon atoms in a linear or branched arrangement.

“Cycloalkyl” means a saturated aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon radical having the specified number of carbon atoms. It can be monocyclic, bicyclic, polycyclic (e.g., tricyclic), fused, bridged, or spiro. For example, monocyclic (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl means a radical having from 3-8 carbon atoms arranged in a monocyclic ring. Monocyclic (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl includes but is not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and cyclooctane.

Monocyclic ring systems have a single ring structure. They include saturated or unsaturated aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon rings or aromatic hydrocarbon ring having the specified number of carbon atoms. The monocyclic ring system can optionally contain 1 to 3 heteroatoms in the ring structure and each heteroatom is independently selected from the group consisting O, N and S. When the heteroatom is a ring nitrogen atom connected to other ring atoms only by single bonds, it can be substituted. Exemplary substituents, unless otherwise indicated, include —H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl (preferrably, —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl or (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonyl), each of which can be optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkyl, alkyl, etc. When the heteroatom is S, it can be optionally mono- or di-oxygenated (i.e. —S(O)— or —S(O)₂—). Examples of monocyclic ring system include, but are not limited to, monocyclic cycloalkyls (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctane), partially unsaturated cycloalkyls; monocyclic heterocycloalkyls (e.g., azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, hexahydropyrimidine, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, oxepane, tetrahydrothiophene, tetrahydrothiopyran, isoxazolidine, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dithiolane, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, 1,3-dithiane, 1,4-dithiane, morpholine, thiomorpholine, thiomorpholine 1,1-dioxide, tetrahydro-2H-1,2-thiazine, tetrahydro-2H-1,2-thiazine 1,1-dioxide, and isothiazolidine 1,1-dioxide, tetrahydrothiophene 1-oxide, tetrahydrothiophene 1,1-dioxide, thiomorpholine 1-oxide, thiomorpholine 1,1-dioxide, tetrahydro-2H-1,2-thiazine 1,1-dioxide, and isothiazolidine 1,1-dioxide, pyrrolidin-2-one, piperidin-2-one, piperazin-2-one, and morpholin-2-one); monocyclic aryls (e.g., phenyl) and monocyclic heteroaryls (see descriptions below).

Bicyclic ring systems have two rings that have at least one ring atom in common. Bicyclic ring systems include fused, bridged and spiro ring systems. The two rings can both be aliphatic (e.g., cycloalkyl or cycloheteroalkyl), both be aromatic (e.g., aryl or heteroaryl), or a combination thereof. The bicyclic ring systems can optionally contain 1 to 3 heteroatoms in the ring structure and each heteroatom is independently selected from the group consisting O, N and S. When the heteroatom is a ring nitrogen atom connected to other ring atoms only by single bonds, it can be substituted. Exemplary substituents, unless otherwise indicated, include H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl (preferrably, —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl or (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonyl), each of which can be optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkyl, alkyl, etc. When the heteroatom is S, it can be optionally mono- or di-oxygenated (i.e. —S(O)— or —S(O)₂—).

A fused bicyclic ring system has two rings which have two adjacent ring atoms in common. The two rings can both be aliphatic (e.g., cycloalkyl or cycloheteroalkyl), both be aromatic (e.g., aryl or heteroaryl), or a combination thereof. For example, the first ring can be monocyclic cycloalkyl or monocyclic cycloheteroalkyl, and the second ring can a cycloalkyl, partially unsaturated carbocycle, aryl, heteroaryl or a monocyclic cycloheteroalkyl. For example, the second ring can be a (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. Alternatively, the second ring can be an aryl ring, e.g., phenyl. Examples of fused bicyclic ring systems include, but not limited to, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene, octahydro-1H-indene, tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene, indoline, isoindoline, 2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]oxazole, 2,3-dihydrobenzo[d]thiazole, octahydrobenzo[d]oxazole, octahydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole, octahydrobenzo[d]thiazole, octahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrrole, 3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, 3-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline and 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline and 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]oxepine.

A Spiro bicyclic ring system has two rings which have only one ring atom in common. The two rings can both be aliphatic (e.g., cycloalkyl or cycloheteroalkyl). For example, the first ring can be a monocyclic cycloalkyl or a monocyclic cycloheteroalkyl and the second ring can be a cycloalkyl, partially unsaturated carbocycle, or a monocyclic cycloheteroalkyl. Examples of spiral bicyclic ring system include, but are not limited to, spiro[2.2]pentane, spiro[2.3]hexane, spiro[3.3]heptane, spiro[2.4]heptane, spiro[3.4]octane, spiro[2.5]octane, azaspiro[4.4]nonane, 7-azaspiro[4.4]nonane, azaspiro[4.5]decane, 8-azaspiro[4.5]decane, azaspiro[5.5]undecane, 3-azaspiro[5.5]undecane and 3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane.

A bridged bicyclic ring system has two rings which have three or more adjacent ring atoms in common. For example, the first ring can be a monocyclic cycloalkyl or a monocyclic cycloheteroalkyl and the other ring is a cycloalkyl, partially unsaturated carbocycle, or a monocyclic cycloheteroalkyl. Examples of bridged bicyclic ring system include, but are not limited to, bicyclo[1.1.0]butane, bicyclo[1.2.0]pentane, bicyclo[2.2.0]hexane, bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane, bicyclo[3.3.0]octane, bicyclo[4.2.0]octane, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, bicyclo[3.2.1]octane, bicyclo[3.2.2]nonane, bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, bicyclo[3.3.2]decane bicyclo[3.3.3]undecane, azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, 3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, 3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane, 6-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane and azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 2-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and 2-oxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

Polycyclic ring systems have more than two rings (e.g., three rings resulting in a tricyclic ring system) and adjacent rings having at least one ring atom in common. Polycyclic ring systems include fused, bridged and spiro ring systems. A fused polycyclic ring system has at least two rings that have two adjacent ring atoms in common. A spiro polycyclic ring system has at least two rings that have only one ring atom in common. A bridged polycyclic ring system has at least two rings that have three or more adjacent ring atoms in common. Examples of polycyclic ring system include, but not limited to, tricyclo[3.3.1.0^(3,7)]nonane (noradamantane) and tricyclo[3.3.1.1^(3,7)]decane (adamantane) and 2,3-dihydro-1H-phenalene

“Heterocycle” means a saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic mono- or polycyclic-ring systems containing one or more heteroatoms independently selected from N, O or S. When the heteroatom is N, unless otherwise indicated, it can be substituted. Exemplary substituents include H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl (preferrably, —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl or (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonyl), each of which can be optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkyl, alkyl, etc. When the heteroatom is S, unless otherwise indicated, it can be optionally mono- or di-oxygenated (i.e. —S(O)— or —S(O)₂—). A heterocycle can be a heteroaryl ring or heterocycloalkyl ring.

“Cycloheteroalkyl” or “heterocycloalkyl” means a saturated or partially saturated 4-12 membered ring radical having specified number of ring carbon atoms. The cycloheteroalkyl or heterocycloalkyl contains 1 to 4 ring heteroatoms, which may be the same or different, selected from N, O or S. The cycloheteroalkyl or heterocycloalkyl ring optionally contains one or more double bonds. It can be monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, fused, bridged, or spiro. For example, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl means a ring radical containing 3-9 ring carbon atoms. The term “cycloheteroalkyl” or “heterocycloalkyl” is intended to include all the possible isomeric forms. When the heteroatom is a ring nitrogen atom connected to other ring atoms only by single bonds, it can be substituted. Exemplary substituents, unless otherwise indicated, include H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl (preferrably, —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl or (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonyl), each of which can be optionally substituted with halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, haloalkyl, alkyl, etc. When the heteroatom is S, it can be optionally mono- or di-oxygenated (i.e. —S(O)— or —S(O)₂—).

Haloalkyl and halocycloalkyl include mono, poly, and perhaloalkyl groups where the halogens are independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, and bromine.

“Heteroaryl”, “heteroaryl group”, “heteroaryl ring”, “heteroaromatic”, “heteroaromatic group” and “heteroaromatic ring” are used interchangeably herein. “Heteroaryl” means a monovalent heteroaromatic monocyclic or polycyclic ring radical. Monocyclic heteroaryl rings are 5- and 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic rings containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, and include, but are not limited to furan, thiophene, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, oxazole, isoxazole, thiazole, isothiazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole 1-oxide, 1,2,5-thiadiazole 1,1-dioxide, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, pyridine, pyridine-N-oxide, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, 1,2,4-triazine, 1,3,5-triazine, and tetrazole. Bicyclic heteroaryl rings are bicyclo[4.4.0] and bicyclo[4,3.0]fused ring systems containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from N, O, and S, and include indolizine, indole, isoindole, benzo[b]furan, benzo[b]thiophene, indazole, benzimidazole, benzthiazole, purine, 4H-quinolizine, quinoline, isoquinoline, cinnoline, phthalazine, quinazoline, quinoxaline, 1,8-naphthyridine, and pteridine. “Alkoxy” means an alkyl radical attached through an oxygen linking atom. “(C₁-C₄)-alkoxy” includes methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, and butoxy.

“Aromatic”, “aromatic group”, “aromatic ring”, “aryl”, “aryl group” and “aryl ring” are used interchangeable herein.

“Aryl” means an aromatic monocyclic, or polycyclic hydrocarbon ring system. Aryl systems include, but limited to, phenyl, naphthalenyl, fluorenyl, indenyl, azulenyl, and anthracenyl.

“Hetero” refers to the replacement of at least one carbon atom member in a ring system with at least one heteroatom selected from N, S, and O. A hetero ring may have 1, 2, 3, or 4 carbon atom members replaced by a heteroatom.

“Halogen” used herein refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.

“Carbocycle” means 3-14 membered saturated or unsaturated aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon ring.

“Cycloalkene” an unsaturated and non-aromatic aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon radical having the specified number of carbon atoms. It can be monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic, fused, bridged, or spiro. Thus, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkene means a radical having from 3-8 carbon atoms arranged in a ring. (C₃-C₈)cycloalkene includes cyclobutene, cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene and cyclooctene.

The compounds of the invention may be present in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts. For use in medicines, the salts of the compounds of the invention refer to non-toxic “pharmaceutically acceptable salts.” The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” is employed herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and/or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, and commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.

As used herein, “pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refer to derivatives of the disclosed compounds wherein the parent compound is modified by making acid or base salts thereof. Pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms include pharmaceutically acceptable acidic/anionic or basic/cationic salts. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, but are not limited to, mineral or organic acid salts of basic residues such as amines; alkali or organic salts of acidic residues such as carboxylic acids; and the like.

For example, such salts include, the acetate, ascorbate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, benzylate, bicarbonate, bitartrate, bromide, calcium edetate, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, citrate, dihydrochloride, edetate, edisylate, ethane disulfonate, estolate, esylate, fumarate, glyceptate, gluconate, glutamate, glycolate, glycollylarsanilate, hexylresorcinate, hydrabamine, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, hydroxymaleate, hydroxynaphthoate, iodide, isethionate, lactate, lactobionate, malate, maleate, mandelate, methanesulfonate, mesylate, methylbromide, methylnitrate, methylsulfate, mucate, napsylate, nitrate, oxalate, pamoate, pantothenate, phenylacetate, phosphate/diphosphate, polygalacturonate, propionate, salicylate, stearate, subacetate, succinate, sulfamide, sulfate, tannate, tartrate, teoclate, tosylate, triethiodide, ammonium, benzathine, chloroprocaine, colline, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, meglumine and procaine salts. Further pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be formed with cations from metals like aluminium, calcium, lithium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc and the like. (also see Pharmaceutical salts, Birge, S. M. et al., J. Pharm. Sci., (1977), 66, 1-19).

The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized from the parent compound which contains a basic or acidic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, such salts can be prepared by reacting the free acid or base forms of these compounds with a sufficient amount of the appropriate base or acid in water or in an organic diluent like ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile, or a mixture thereof.

Salts of other acids than those mentioned above which for example are useful for purifying or isolating the compounds of the present invention (e.g. trifluoro acetate salts) also comprise a part of the invention.

The compounds of the invention may be prepared as individual isomers by either isomer-specific synthesis or resolved from an isomeric mixture. Conventional resolution techniques include forming the salt of a free base of each isomer of an isomeric pair using an optically active acid (followed by fractional crystallization and regeneration of the free base), forming the salt of the acid form of each isomer of an isomeric pair using an optically active amine (followed by fractional crystallization and regeneration of the free acid), forming an ester or amide of each of the isomers of an isomeric pair using an optically pure acid, amine or alcohol (followed by chromatographic separation and removal of the chiral auxiliary), or resolving an isomeric mixture of either a starting material or a final product using various well known chromatographic methods.

When the stereochemistry of a disclosed compound is named or depicted by structure, the named or depicted stereoisomer is at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99% or 99.9% by weight pure relative to the other stereoisomers. When a single enantiomer is named or depicted by structure, the depicted or named enantiomer is at least 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 99% or 99.9% by weight optically pure. Percent optical purity by weight is the ratio of the weight of the enantiomer over the weight of the enantiomer plus the weight of its optical isomer.

When a disclosed compound is named or depicted by structure without indicating the stereochemistry, and the compound has at least one chiral center, it is to be understood that the name or structure encompasses one enantiomer of the compound free from the corresponding optical isomer, a racemic mixture of the compound and mixtures enriched in one enantiomer relative to its corresponding optical isomer.

When a disclosed compound is named or depicted by structure without indicating the stereochemistry and has at least two chiral centers, it is to be understood that the name or structure encompasses a diastereomer free of other diastereomers, a pair of diastereomers free from other diastereomeric pairs, mixtures of diastereomers, mixtures of diastereomeric pairs, mixtures of diastereomers in which one diastereomer is enriched relative to the other diastereomer(s) and mixtures of diastereomeric pairs in which one diastereomeric pair is enriched relative to the other diastereomeric pair(s).

When compounds having one or more stereocenters and are depicted with particular stereochemistry for at least one stereocenter, the present invention also include compounds that have the opposite stereochemistry at the corresponding stereocenter(s) and compounds that has no specific stereochemistry at the corresponding stereocenter(s).

The disclosed compounds of the invention are BACE inhibitors for treating, preventing or ameliorating disorders or diseases characterized by elevated β-amyloid deposits or β-amyloid levels in a subject. The present invention also provides a method for the treatment of a disorder related to or associated with excessive BACE activity in a patient in need thereof which comprises administering to said patient an effective amount of a disclosed compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present invention also provides methods for inhibiting the activity of BACE in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to a subject and/or contacting a receptor thereof with an effective amount of at least one disclosed compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present invention also provides methods of ameliorating β-amyloid deposits in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to said subject an effective amount of at least one disclosed compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

As such, the disclosed BACE inhibitors can be used to treat neurodegenerative disorders, disorders characterized by cognitive decline, cognitive impairment, dementia and diseases characterized by production of β-amyloid deposits or neurofibrillary tangles.

Exemplary diseases or disorders that can be treated by the disclosed BACE inhibitors include Alzheimer's disease, Trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome), Hereditary Cerebral Hemorrhage with Amyloidosis of the Dutch-typle (HCHWA-D), senile dementia, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, degenerative dementia, dementias of mixed vascular and degenerative origin, dementia associated with Parkinson's disease, dementia associated with progressive supranuclear palsy and dementia associated with cortical basal degeneration, diffuse Lewy body type of Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma.

Accordingly, the present invention relates to a compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as a medicament.

In a further embodiment, the present invention relates to methods for the treatment or prevention of above-mentioned diseases and conditions, which method comprises the administration of an effective amount of a compound described herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

The invention includes a therapeutic method for treating or ameliorating an BACE mediated disorder in a subject in need thereof comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of Formula I or any other formulas of the invention described herein, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof or composition thereof.

Administration methods include administering an effective amount (i.e., an effective amount) of a compound or composition of the invention at different times during the course of therapy or concurrently in a combination form. The methods of the invention include all known therapeutic treatment regimens.

As used herein, the term “subject” and “patient” may be used interchangeably, and means a mammal in need of treatment, e.g., companion animals (e.g., dogs, cats, and the like), farm animals (e.g., cows, pigs, horses, sheep, goats and the like) and laboratory animals (e.g., rats, mice, guinea pigs and the like). Typically, the subject is a human in need of treatment.

As used herein, the term “treating” or ‘treatment” refers to obtaining desired pharmacological and/or physiological effect. The effect can be prophylactic or therapeutic, which includes achieving, partially or substantially, one or more of the following results: partially or totally reducing the extent of the disease, disorder or syndrome; ameliorating or improving a clinical symptom or indicator associated with the disorder; delaying, inhibiting or decreasing the likelihood of the progression of the disease, disorder or syndrome; or partially or totally delaying, inhibiting or reducing the likelihood of the onset or development of disease, disorder or syndrome.

“Effective amount” means that amount of active compound agent that elicits the desired biological response in a subject. Such response includes alleviation of the symptoms of the disease or disorder being treated. The effective amount of a compound of the invention in such a therapeutic method is from about 0.01 mg/kg/day to about 1000 mg/kg/day, from about 0.1 mg/kg/day to about 100 mg/kg/day.

“Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” means compounds and compositions that are of sufficient purity and quality for use in the formulation of a composition of the invention and that, when appropriately administered to an animal or human, do not produce an adverse reaction.

In one embodiment, the present invention includes combination therapy for treating or ameliorating a disease or a disorder described herein. The combination therapy comprises administering a combination of at least one compound represented by structural formula (A), (I) or (I′) with another compound selected from the group of, for example, gamma-secretase inhibitors; amyloid aggregation inhibitors (e.g. ELND-005); directly or indirectly acting neuroprotective and/or disease-modifying substances; anti-oxidants (e.g. vitamin E or ginkolide); anti-inflammatory substances (e.g. Cox inhibitors, NSAIDs additionally or exclusively having Abeta lowering properties); HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins); acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., donepezil, rivastigmine, tacrine, galantamine, memantine; tacrine); NMDA receptor antagonists (e.g. memantine); AMPA receptor agonists; AMPA receptor positive modulators, AMPkines, monoamine receptor reuptake inhibitors, substances modulating the concentration or release of neurotransmitters; substances inducing the secretion of growth hormone (e.g., ibutamoren mesylate and capromorelin); CB-1 receptor antagonists or inverse agonists; antibiotics (e.g., minocyclin or rifampicin); PDE2, PDE4, PDE5, PDE9, PDE10 inhibitors, GABAA receptor inverse agonists, GABAA receptor antagonists, nicotinic receptor agonists or partial agonists or positive modulators, alpha4beta2 nicotinic receptor agonists or partial agonists or positive modulators, alpha7 nicotinic receptor agonists or partial agonists or positive modulators; histamine H3 antagonists, 5 HT-4 agonists or partial agonists, 5HT-6 antagonists, alpha2-adrenoreceptor antagonists, calcium antagonists, muscarinic receptor Ml agonists or partial agonists or positive modulators, muscarinic receptor M2 antagonists, muscarinic receptor M4 antagonists, metabotropic glutamate-receptor 5 positive modulators, antidepressants, such as citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline and trazodone; anxiolytics, such as lorazepam and oxazepam; antiphychotics, such as aripiprazole, clozapine, haloperidol, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone and ziprasidone, and other substances that modulate receptors or enzymes in a manner such that the efficacy and/or safety of the compounds according to the invention is increased and/or unwanted side effects are reduced. The compounds according to the invention may also be used in combination with immunotherapies (e.g., active immunisation with Abeta or parts thereof or passive immunisation with humanised anti-Abeta antibodies or nanobodies) for the treatment of the above-mentioned diseases and conditions.

Combination therapy includes co-administration of the compound of the invention and said other agent, sequential administration of the compound and the other agent, administration of a composition containing the compound and the other agent, or simultaneous administration of separate compositions containing of the compound and the other agent.

Suitable preparations for administering the compounds of formula will be apparent to those with ordinary skill in the art and include for example tablets, pills, capsules, suppositories, lozenges, troches, solutions, syrups, elixirs, sachets, injectables, inhalatives and powders etc. The content of the pharmaceutically active compound(s) should be in the range from 0.005 to 10% wt.-% of the composition as a whole.

The dosage form containing the composition of the invention contains an effective amount of the active ingredient necessary to provide a therapeutic effect. The composition may contain from about 5,000 mg to about 0.5 mg (preferably, from about 1,000 mg to about 0.5 mg) of a compound of the invention or salt form thereof and may be constituted into any form suitable for the selected mode of administration.

Suitable tablets may be obtained, for example, by mixing one or more compounds according to formula I with known excipients, for example inert diluents, carriers, disintegrants, adjuvants, surfactants, binders and/or lubricants. The tablets may also consist of several layers.

Methods of Preparation

The compounds of the present invention can be readily prepared according to the following reaction schemes and examples, or modifications thereof, using readily available starting materials, reagents and conventional synthesis procedures. Many of the reactions can also be carried out under microwave conditions or using conventional heating or utilizing other technologies such as solid phase reagents/scavengers or flow chemistry. In these reactions, it is also possible to make use of variants which are themselves known to those of ordinary skill in this art, but are not mentioned in greater detail. Furthermore, other methods for preparing compounds of the invention will be readily apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of the following reaction schemes and examples. Unless otherwise indicated, all variables are as defined below. The abbreviations used in these experimental details are listed below and additional ones should be known to a person skilled in the art of synthesis. In addition one can refer to the following references for suitable methods of synthesis as described in March, Advanced Organic Chemistry, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1985 or Greene and Wuts Protective groups in organic synthesis 2^(nd) edition, John Wiley & sons 1991 and as in Richard Larock, comprehensive organic transformations, 4^(th) edition, VCH publishers Inc, 1989.

The above shown intermediate can be synthesized by the following methods or by any other methods not detailed here by anyone who is well versed in the art of synthesis.

Method 1. Starting with the appropriate ketone one can sequentially alkylate with alkyl halides, triflates and mesylates utilizing bases such as LDA, NaH in various solvents such as THF, DME etc at temperatures varying from −78° C. to 50° C. Each alkylation can be carried out in a sequential fashion with each intermediate being isolated and purified or in one pot in a stepwise fashion. In the event the final product from the above reactions yields a substituent on the alkyl group such as an olefin, sulfone, cyano etc, they can be further manipulated by Dieckman cyclization, RCM or other known reaction such as cycloaddition, nucleophilic substitution etc. to yield highly functionalized spirocyclic intermediates.

Method 2 represents a specific method for the synthesis of spirocyclic compounds through the Diels Alder reaction or through other cycloaddition reaction such as 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The first step involves condensation of ketone with formaldehyde, aldehydes and ketones in presence of any protic acid or boronic acid in solvents such as benzene or toluene at temperatures varying from room temperature to 80° C. The dienophile (or enone) intermediate then can be reacted with various dienes utilizing the Diels-Alder reaction. This reaction can be carried out neat or in presence of non-protic solvents such as benzene, THF in a sealed tube at temperature 30-220° C. In addition one can utilize Lewis acids or any other agents that may assist in the reaction to yield pure enantiomers or diastereomers. The resulting spirocyclic cyclohexyl product may optionally contain one or more alkyl/aryl substituent or functional groups such as a ketone aldehyde, cyano etc. These functional groups can be further elaborated by known functional group transformations. For example the reaction of the dienophile with the Danishefsky diene in refluxing solvents such as benzene or toluene under nitrogen atmosphere yields spirocyclohexanone. The spirocyclohexanone can be further elaborated by reactions such as reduction with hydrides like NaBH4, LAH, DiBAL etc. to yield an alcohol. This alcohol can be further alkylated with various alkyl groups by employing base such as NaH or LiHMDS in solvents such as DMF, THF etc. at room temperature to yield spirocyclic alkyl ethers. The alcohol can also be reacted with aryl/heteroarylhalides in the presence of palladium or copper catalyst along with appropriate bases such as Cs₂CO₃ to yield aryl ethers.

Alternatively the ketone functional group can be further modified by known procedures in literature to yield heterocycles or other bicyclic ring systems. In addition the dienophile intermediate can also be reacted with 1,3 ylides to yield 5-membered spirocyclic heterocycles or carbocycles. The utility of these cycloaddition reaction are well documented in literature and are exemplified in these references: Synthesis of heterocycles via cycloadditions, Volume 1 By Alfred Hassner, Topic in heterocyclic chemistry volume 12, 1^(st) edition, springer, 2008 and Cycloaddition reactions in organic synthesis; Kobayashi and Jorgensen, 1^(st) edition, Wiley-VCH, 2002

In method 3, starting with alkyl or cycloalkyl or heterocycloalkyl derivatives containing electron withdrawing groups such as cyano or esters, the alkyl/cycloalkyl/heterocycloalkyl groups can be alklylated with optionally substituted ortho-halo benzyl bromides or chlorides utilizing base such as LDA, NaH, or LiHMDS in solvents such as benzene, THF etc. at temperatures ranging from −78° C. to 80° C. The alkylated intermediate can be isolated and further subjected to base such as n-BuLi or LDA in aprotic solvents such as THF, Hexane etc. to effect ring cyclization towards the final intermediate A. Alternatively one can also utilize transition metal based chemistry such as Pd/Cu or Rh containing chelating agents such as phosphine derivatives or amines in solvents such as DMF, DMA, THF and toluene in presence of base (TEA, or K₂CO₃) at temperatures varying from room temperature to 80° C. In the event where the final product from the above reactions yields substituent on the alkyl group such as olefins or sulfones, cyano etc, they can be further manipulated by Dieckman cyclization, RCM or other known reactions such as cycloaddition, nucleophilic substitution etc to yield highly functionalized spiro cyclic intermediates.

Method 4 represents a one pot reaction towards the synthesis of spirocyclic ketone intermediate A. Starting with appropriate ketone one can utilize alkylation chemistry of internally tethered bis alkyl halides/triflates or mesylates in presence of base such as LDA, LiHMDS and in aprotic solvents such as THF, dioxane, ether etc. at temperature varying from 0° C. to 80° C. to yield spirocyclic intermediate A.

Alternatively ketones can be reacted with acrylates in presence of base such as KOtBu and solvents such as tert-butanol with subsequent decarboxylation of 13-keto ester to yield spirocyclic ketone intermediate A.

Scheme 2: Synthesis of Monocyclic Heterocyclic Amines

The ketone intermediate A can be further functionalized and cyclized to yield various monocyclic heterocycles as described in “Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry: The Structure, Reactions, Synthesis and Uses of Heterocyclic Compounds: The Structure, Reactions, Synthesis and Uses of Heterocyclic Compounds” by Katritzky and Rees, Wiley and sons, 3^(rd) edition 1991, or as described in Heterocyclic Chemistry by Joule Keith Mills, 5^(th) edition by Wiley. Alternatively the methods outlined in WO 2008/103351 can also be utilized in the synthesis of various monocyclic heterocycles. Representative examples of some monocyclic amino heterocycles are shown below.

The ketone intermediate is condensed with bis trimethylsilyl carbodimide in presence of Lewis acids such as titanium isopropoxide in solvents such as DCM or THF at room temperature to yield the N-cyanoimine product. The imine is subsequently condensed with hydroxylamine derivative in presence of base such as sodium methoxide in protic solvent such as methanol, t-Butanol etc. at room temperature to yield the desired 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-amine heterocycle.

Scheme 2b. Synthesis of 2-amino-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one 1 Error! Objects Cannot be Created from Editing Field Codes

The N-cyano intermediate as described in scheme 2a is reacted with ammonium carbonate and KCN in protic solvent mixture such as ethanol/water and heated to 50-150° C. in a sealed tube overnight. The resulting hydantoin can be alkylated with various alkylating agents in the presence of inorganic bases such as Cs₂CO₃ or K₂CO₃ or organic bases such as TEA or DBU in various solvents such as ethanol, DMF or dioxane at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 120° C. The resulting alkylated product is reacted with thionating reagents such as Lawesson's reagent or P₂S₅ in a solvent such as THF, Dioxane, toluene etc. at temperatures ranging from 50-150° C. The thioimide is then converted to a 2-amino imidazalinone by reacting with tert butyl hydroperoxide in presence of ammonia or alkylamines.

Alternatively the synthesis of 2-amino imidazolinone can be realized from the hydantoin by converting it to a thioimide, followed by bis-alkylation of the thioamide and imide functions in a one pot procedure. Such a bis-alkylated reagent can be reacted with ammonium hydroxide and ammonium iodide in various solvents such as DMF, ethanol, dioxane etc. at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 150° C. in a sealed tube to yield 2-amino-1H-imidazol-5(4H)-one. Similar procedure can also be employed starting with ketone intermediate A.

The intermediate ketone A can be condensed with t-butyl sulfonylamine or any other amine such as a-methylbenzylamine under dehydrating conditions as exemplified by use of titanium alkoxide reagents or under a Dean Stark apparatus. The imine is reacted with various nucleophiles as illustrated by lithiated ethylacetate. The deprotection of t-butyl sulfonamide is achieved by reacting with acids such as HCl in protic solvents such as methanol etc. The amino ester intermediate product is then condensed with thiophosgene or its equivalent reagent to convert the amino ester to the thioisocyanate ester. Condensation of thioisocyanate intermediate with various primary/secondary amines yielded thiodihydropyrimidinone. The thiodihydropyrimidnone can be converted to 2-amino dihydropyrimidinone by utilizing methods as described in method 2b.

The imine intermediate form above example can also be reacted with carbon neucleophiles such as allylmagnesium bromide to yield sulfonamide. The olefin is subsequently oxidized to aldehyde by ozonolysis or any of its equivalent protocol. The alcohol is obtained from the reaction of aldehyde with reducing agents such as sodium borohydride or utilizing Grignard reagents to yield primary or secondary alcohols. The resulting amino alcohol can be reacted with cyanogen bromide in protic solvents at room temperature to yield 5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-oxazin-2-amine derivatives.

The ketone intermediate A can be converted to an olefin by utilizing the Wittig reaction or any derivation thereof or by other known literature methods. The olefin is hydroborated with borane or equivalent thereof in aprotic solvents such as THF, DCM, diethyl ether etc. at room temperature. The alcohol is condensed with sulfamoyl chloride in presence of base such as NMM, TEA in solvents such as DCM at room temperature. The cyclization of the methylsulfamate can be affected by rhodium catalyst in presence of oxidizing agent such as phenyliodoacetate in solvents such as toluene, acetonitrile, dichloromethane at room temperature to refluxing temperature of the solvent. The cyclic sulfamate is then activated towards neuclophillic attack by reacting with chloroformates followed by addition of a nucleophile such as alkoxide as illustrated by boc protected-N-substituted hydroxylamine. The protecting group such as t-butyl carbamate can be removed and the resulting amino alcohol condensed with cyanogen bromide in solvents such as ethanol to yield 2,4-oxadiazin-3-amine or 1,2,5,6-tetrahydro-1,2,4-triazin-3-amine heterocycles.

The ketone intermediate A is reacted with a vinyl magnesium derivative or substituted vinyl lithium at room temperature in solvents such as THF, ether, toluene or in hexane to yield a vinylic alcohol. The vinylic alcohol undergoes electrophilic substitution under acidic conditions (such as AcOH/1M HCl or MeSO₃H) in presence of thiourea to yield a vinylogous thiourea derivative. This intermediate can be cyclized to 1,3 thiazine-2-amine when exposed to strong acidic conditions as in TFA/MeSO₃H at room temperature overnight.

The monoheterocyclic intermediate A containing halogens on the benzene ring can be further elaborated by known organic transformations such as Suzuki couplings of boronates or trifluorborates or with pinacol boronates using various palladium catalyst such as Pd[P(Ph₃)₃] or Pd(dppf)₂Cl₂ or any such similar catalyst in presence of inorganic bases such as K₂CO₃, CsCO₃ in variety of solvents either as single solvent or as combination comprising of Toluene, DMF, Ethanol, water etc. at temperature ranging from 50-100° C. One can utilize copper mediated Sonogashira coupling to introduce alkyne substituent's on the scaffold. Alternatively one can utilize additional transition metal chemistry to introduce alkyne, alkenes, aryls, heterocycles and additional functional groups. Number of such chemical transformations are exemplified in following references: Transition Metals for Organic Synthesis: Building Blocks and Fine Chemicals, by Beller and Bolm, 2^(nd) Edition by Wiley-VCH, 2002 and in Modern Arylation Methods by Lutz Ackermann, 1^(st) edition, 2009.

For example, the amino heterocycle of the bromo intermediate is protected as its Boc derivative utilizing Boc anhydride in solvents such as THF, DCM at room temperature. This allows conversion of the bromo to the corresponding pinacolboronate derivative as described in literature. Peroxide oxidation of the pinacolboronate to yield the alcohol is then an available option. The alcohol can be further alkylated with various alkyl/cycloalkyl/heteroalkyl halides in presence of bases such as Cs₂CO₃, KOtBu or TEA in solvents such as DMF or dioxane. In addition the alcohol can be arylated under variety of coupling conditions to yield aryl/heteroaryl ethers. The Boc group is further deprotected to yield final compound.

Exemplary reagents and reaction conditions are described in Example 410G.

Suitable reagents and reaction conditions for Grignard reaction can be used for the reaction depicted in Scheme. Exemplary reagents and reaction conditions are described in Example 4101.

In cases where the synthetic intermediates and final products of Formula (A), (I′) or (I) described below contain potentially reactive functional groups, for example amino, hydroxy, thiol and carboxylic acid groups, that may interfere with the desired reaction, it may be advantageous to employ protected forms of the intermediate. Methods for the selection, introduction and subsequent removal of protecting groups are well known to those skilled in the art. (T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wuts “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis” John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York 1999). Such protecting group manipulations are assumed in the discussion below and not usually described explicitly. Generally, reagents in the reaction schemes are used in equimolar amounts; however, in certain cases it may be desirable to use an excess of one reagent to drive a reaction to completion. This is especially the case when the excess reagent can be readily removed by evaporation or extraction. Bases employed to neutralize HCl in reaction mixtures are generally used in slight to substantial excess (1.05-5 equivalents).

Abbreviation Meaning AcCl acetyl chloride ACN or CH₃CN acetonitrile AlCl₃ aluminum chloride Ar argon B₂H₆ diborane Boc tert-butoxy carbonyl or t-butoxy carbonyl borax sodium borate brine saturated aqueous NaCl CH cyclohexane CH₂N₂ carbodiimide Cs₂CO₃ cesium carbonate CuBr—SMe₂ cuprous bromide methylsulfide complex CuI cuprous iodide d days DCM or CH₂Cl₂ methylene chloride DEA diethylamine DIBAL-H diisobutylaluminum hydride DMAP 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine EtI ethyl iodide Et ethyl Et₂O ethyl ether EtOAc or EA ethyl acetate EtOH ethanol Et₃O⁺BF₄ ⁻ triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate h or hr hour HCl hydrochloric acid H₂O water H₂O₂ hydrogen peroxide HCONH₂ formamide HMPA hexamethylphosphoric triamide HOAc or AcOH acetic acid HPLC high performance liquid chromatography HPLC-MS High performance liquid chromatography with mass detection K₂CO₃ potassium carbonate KCN potassium cyanide LAH LiAlH₄ = lithium aluminium hydride Lawesson's reagent 2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,2,4- dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide LC-MS Liquid chromatography with mass detection LDA lithium diisopropylamide min minute MeOH methanol MeI methyl iodide Me methyl MeNHOH methylhydroxylamine MPLC Medium pressure liquid chromatography MTBA 4-(methylthio)benzoic acid Me₂S methyl sulfide NaOH sodium hydroxid NaOMe sodium methoxide Na₂S₂O₃ sodium thiosulfate Na₂SO₄ sodium sulfate NHMDS Sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide NH₄OH ammonium hydroxide (NH₄)₂CO₃ ammonium carbonate NH₄I ammonium iodide Na₂CO₃ sodium carbonate NaHCO₃ sodium bicarbonate NaH sodium hydride PdCl₂dppf [1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene] dichloropalladium(II) Pd(OH)₂ palladium hydroxide Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (II) dichloride Pd(PPh₃)₄ tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) PrBr propyl bromide PBr₃ phosphorous tribromide PCC pyridinium chlorochromate PE petroleum ether PPA polyphosphoric acid PPh₃ triphenyl phosphine RF heated to reflux Rt Retention time RT or r.t. room temperature Selectfluor ™ 1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4- diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(tetrafluoroborate) SOCl₂ thionyl chloride TEA triethylamine TFA trifluoroacetic acid THF tetrahydrofuran TLC thin layer chromatography TiCl₄ titanium chloride TMSCl trimethylsilyl chloride Triton B Benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxinde in water

Compounds of the invention can be prepared employing conventional methods that utilize readily available reagents and starting materials. The reagents used in the preparation of the compounds of this invention can be either commercially obtained or can be prepared by standard procedures described in the literature. Representative compounds of the present invention can be prepared using the following synthetic schemes.

SYNTHETIC METHODS Example 1 Preparation of 3-(spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,2′-tetrahydronaphthalene]-1,5′-(3-amino-2-methyl-2H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole)]-6-yl)benzonitrile (compound 45)

Experimental Data:

Step 1. 2-(2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethanol

To a solution of 2-(carboxymethyl)benzoic acid (9 g, 0.05 mol) in THF (200 mL) was added to LAH in THF (250 mL) dropwise, the mixture was refluxed for 18 hours. The mixture was cooled in ice bath and carefully added water dropwise, followed by 50% NaOH (150 mL), then removed the ice bath and added water slowly with stirring until the gray precipitate turns white. The mixture was filtrated and the filtrate was concentrated to give crude 2-(2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethanol (6 g, 80%).

Step 2. 1-(2-Bromoethyl)-2-(bromomethyl)benzene

To a solution of 2-(2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethanol (2.6 g, 17 mmol), perbromo methane (13.7 g, 41.8 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) was added triphenylphosphine (10.95 g, 41.8 mmol) at 0° C., the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The mixture was concentrated, redissolved by Et₂O, filtered, the organic layer was concentrated to give crude 1-(2-bromoethyl)-2-(bromomethyl)benzene (4.2 g, 89%). ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD): 3.69 (m, 2H), 4.05 (m, 2H), 4.97 (m, 2H), 7.64-7.77 (m, 4H).

Step 3. Diethyl 2-(4-bromobenzyl)malonate

To a solution of CH₃CH₂OH (240 mL) was added Na (5.82 g, 0.25 mol), the mixture was stirred until Na was disappeared, then 1-bromo-4-bromomethyl-benzenein (37.35 g, 0.15 mol), malonic acid diethyl ester (78 g, 0.49 mol) was added slowly, the mixture was refluxed overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuo, the residue was dissolved with H₂O, extracted with ether, the organic layer was washed with 0.5N HCl aqueous, then washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated to give diethyl 2-(4-bromobenzyl)malonate (40 g, 85%).

Step 4. 2-(4-Bromobenzyl)malonic acid

Diethyl 2-(4-bromobenzyl)malonate (40 g, 13 mmol) and KOH (42.8 g, 76 mmol) was dissolved in a mixture of HOAc—H₂O-THF (1:2:3, 200 mL), the mixture was refluxed for 12 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo, the residue was added HCl aqueous, then extracted with EtOAc, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated to give 2-(4-bromobenzyl)malonic acid (31 g, 95%).

Step 5. 3-(4-Bromophenyl)propanoic acid

2-(4-Bromophenyl)malonic acid (36 g, 11 mmol) was heated at 165° C. until evolution of CO₂. the production was crystallized from petrol ether to give 2-(4-bromophenyl)acetic acid (26 g, 87%).

Step 6. 6-Bromo-indan-1-one

A mixture of 3-(4-bromophenyl)propanoic acid (26 g, 12 mmol) in SOCl₂ (50 mL) was refluxed overnight, the mixture was concentrated, then added to AlCl₃ (80 g, 61 mmol) in DCM (100 mL), the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was quenched with HCl aqueous, extracted with DCM, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated to give 6-bromo-indan-1-one (12 g, 48%). ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD): 2.65 (m, 2H), 3.06 (m, 2H), 7.31 (m, 1H), 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.80 (m, 1H).

Step 7. 6-Bromo-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalen]-1(3H)-one

A mixture of 6-bromo-indan-1-one (3.57 g, 17 mmol), 1-(2-bromo-ethyl)-2-bromomethyl-benzene (4.7 g, 17 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added NaH (816 mg, 34 mmol) at room temperature, the mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. The mixture was quenched with water, concentrated, then extracted with DCM, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated to 6-bromo-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalen]-1(3H)-one (1.8 g, 33%).

Step 8. 3-(1-oxo-1,3,3′,4′-tetrahydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-6-yl)benzonitrile

6-Bromo-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalen]-1(3H)-one (163 mg, 0.5 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (147 g, 1 mmol) in [1,4]-dioxane (12 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 3.2 mL), then Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg, 0.01 mmol) was added under Ar₂, the mixture was refluxed for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by TLC to give 3-(1-oxo-1,3,3′,4′-tetrahydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-6-yl)benzonitrile (35 mg, 6%).

Step 9. (Z)—N-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of 3-(1-oxo-1,3,3′,4′-tetrahydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-6-yl)benzonitrile (35 mg, 0.1 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added TiCl₄ (76 mg, 0.4 mmol) dropwise, the mixture was stirred at 50° C. at Ar₂ under microwave for 5 minutes, N,N′-methanediylidenebis(1,1,1-trimethylsilanamine) (74 mg, 0.4 mmol) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. at Ar₂ under microwave for 10 minutes and poured into ice-water (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂, which was combined with the organic layer. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to give crude (Z)—N-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide (50 mg, 93%).

Step 10. Compound 45

To a solution of N-methyl-hydroxylamine hydrochloride (11 mg, 0.134 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added MeONa (0.026 mL, 25% (Wt.) in MeOH), followed by (Z)—N-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide (50 mg, 0.13 mmol). After stirred for 10 minutes, the solvent was removed in vacuo. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC to give the title compound as a TFA salt. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 8.05 (m, 1H), 7.99 (m, 2H), 7.84 (m, 1H), 7.79-7.62 (m, 4H), 7.66 (m, 1H), 7.43 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.07 (m, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H); MS ESI+ve m/z 421 (M+H)³⁰.

Example 2 Preparation of 3-(spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(4-oxacyclohexane)]-1,5′-(3-amino-2-methyl-2H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole)]-6-yl)benzonitrile (compound 51)

Step 1: Preparation of 6-bromo-2′,3′,5′,6′-tetrahydrospiro[indene-2,4′-pyran]-1(3H)-one

To a solution of 6-bromo-1-indanone (1.033 g, 4.89 mmol) in anhydrous THF (100 mL) under N₂ atmosphere at room temperature was added a solution of tBuOK in tBuOH (1 M, 10.3 mL, 10.3 mmol) within 30 min (the color turned to deep black upon a drop of tBuOK solution was added), followed by 1-bromo-2-(2-bromoethoxy)ethane (1.134 g, 0.62 mL, 4.89 mmol). The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl, and extracted with ether two times. The combined organic phases were washed with H₂O, brine, and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and concentrated to give black tar. It was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel yield 300 mg of the desired product. MS ESI+ve m/z 281 (M+H)³⁰.

Step 2: Preparation of 3-(1-oxo-1,2′,3,3′,5′,6′-hexahydrospiro[indene-2,4′-pyran]-6-yl)benzonitrile

To a 10 mL CEM microwave test tube was charged with Cs₂CO₃ (232 mg, 0.712 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (20 mg, 0.028 mmol), 6-bromo-2′,3′,5′,6′-tetrahydrospiro[indene-2,4′-pyran]-1(3H)-one (100 mg, 0.356 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (78 mg, 0.534 mmol), dioxane (4 mL) and H₂O (0.4 mL), the system was swept with N₂ and capped, and heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 100° C. for 10 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluting with EA in hexane (0-30%) to give 42 mg of 3-(1-oxo-1,2′,3,3′,5′,6′-hexahydrospiro[indene-2,4′-pyran]-6-yl)benzonitrile. MS ESI+ve m/z 304 (M+H)³⁰.

Step 3: Preparation of N-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-2′,3′,5′,6′-tetrahydrospiro[indene-2,4′-pyran]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of 3-(1-oxo-1,2′,3,3′,5′,6′-hexahydrospiro[indene-2,4′-pyran]-6-yl)benzonitrile (42 mg, 0.139 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (10 mL) under N₂ atmosphere was added 1 M TiCl₄ (in DCM, 0.28 mL, 0.28 mmol) dropwise within 15 min at room temperature. It was stirred another 1 h after the addition. To this mixture was added Bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (0.1 mL, 0.427 mmol) dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was quenched with ice-water (20 g), and stirred for 20 min, then it was transferred to a separating funnel, the separated aqueous phase was extracted 2 times with DCM. The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and concentrated to give 44 mg of N-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-2′,3′,5′,6′-tetrahydrospiro[indene-2,4′-pyran]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide as light brown solid which was used for next step without further purification. MS ESI+ve m/z 328 (M+H)³⁰.

Step 4: 3-(spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(4-oxacyclohexane)]-1,5′-(3-amino-2-methyl-2H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole)]-6-yl)benzonitrile

To a suspension of the crude product obtained from previous step in MeOH (5 mL) was added a solution of N-methylhydroxylamine in MeOH (0.373 M, 0.40 mL, prepared from N-methylhydroxylamine HCl salt and 0.9 eq 25 wt % NaOMe/MeOH in MeOH). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 min, followed by adding another portion of N-methylhydroxylamine in MeOH (0.373 M, 1 mL). Solvent was removed under reduced pressure after stirred another 20 min. The residue was purified by preparative PHLC to yield 16.5 mg of the title compound as TFA salt. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 8.02-7.90 (m, 3H), 7.79-7.62 (m, 3H), 7.48 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.05-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.21 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 3.11 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 1.99 (td, J=13.2, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 1.86 (td, J=13.2, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 1.56 (m, 1H), 1.28 (dd, J=13.2, 2.4 Hz, 1H); MS ESI+ve m/z 375 (M+H)³⁰.

Example 3 Preparation of 3-(spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-3,1′-(4-oxacyclohexane)]-1,5′-(3-amino-2-methyl-2H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole)]-6-yl)benzonitrile (compound 69)

Step 1: Preparation of 5-bromo-2′,3′,5′,6′-tetrahydrospiro[indene-1,4′-pyran]-3(2H)-one

To a solution of 6-bromo-1-indanone (0.50 g, 2.35 mmol) in anhydrous THF (40 mL) under N₂ atmosphere at −78° C. was added a solution of NHMDS (1 M in THF, 2.5 mL, 2.5 mmol) within 30 min, followed by TMSCl (0.281 g, 0.327 mL 2.59 mmol) after stirred 30 min. To this reaction mixture was added NHMDS (1 M in THF, 6.0 mL, 6.0 mmol) within 30 min at this temperature. The temperature was allowed to warm to −30 to −20° C., after stirred another 30 min, 2,2-dichlorodiethyl ether (336 mg, 0.275 mL, 2.35 mmol) was added. Then the reaction temperature was allowed to warm to room temperature without removing cooling bath, and stirred overnight. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl, and extracted with EA two times. The combined organic phases were washed with 1 M HCl, H₂O, brine successively, and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and concentrated to give black oil. It was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel yield 103 mg of the desired product. MS ESI+ve m/z 281 (M+H)³⁰.

Step 2: 3-(3-oxo-2,2′,3,3′,5′,6′-hexahydrospiro[indene-1,4′-pyran]-5-yl)benzonitrile

To a 10 mL CEM microwave test tube was charged with Cs₂CO₃ (147 mg, 0.45 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (20 mg, 0.028 mmol), 5-bromo-2′,3′,5′,6′-tetrahydrospiro[indene-1,4′-pyran]-3(2H)-one (51 mg, 0.18 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (35 mg, 0.24 mmol), dioxane (3 mL) and H₂O (0.1 mL), the system was swept with N₂ and capped, and heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 100° C. for 10 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with DCM, washed with brine, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluting with EA in hexane (0-30%) to give 42 mg of 3-(3-oxo-2,2′,3,3′,5′,6′-hexahydrospiro[indene-1,4′-pyran]-5-yl)benzonitrile as white solid. MS ESI+ve m/z 304 (M+H)³⁰.

Step 3: Preparation of N-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-2′,3′,5′,6′-tetrahydrospiro[indene-1,4′-pyran]-3(2H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of 3-(3-oxo-2,2′,3,3′,5′,6′-hexahydrospiro[indene-1,4′-pyran]-5-yl)benzonitrile (42 mg, 0.139 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (10 mL) under N₂ atmosphere was added 1 M TiCl₄ (in DCM, 0.28 mL, 0.28 mmol) dropwise within 15 min at room temperature. It was stirred another 1 h after the addition. To this mixture was added Bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (0.1 mL, 0.427 mmol) dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was quenched with ice-water (15 g), and stirred for 30 min, then it was transferred to a separating funnel, the separated aqueous phase was extracted 2 times with DCM. The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and concentrated to give the desired product as white solid, which was used for next step without further purification. MS ESI+ve m/z 328 (M+H)³⁰.

Step 4: Preparation of 3-(spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-3,1′-(4-oxacyclohexane)]-1,5′-(3-amino-2-methyl-2H-[1,2,4]oxadiazole)]-6-yl)benzonitrile

To s suspension of the crude product obtained from previous step in MeOH (6 mL) was added a solution of N-methylhydroxylamine in MeOH (prepared from N-methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (13 mg, 0.153 mmol) inanhydrous MeOH (4 mL) and 25 wt % NaOMe/MeOH (31 μL, 0.138 mmol), stirred 5 min). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 60 min. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative PHLC to yield 2.1 mg of the title compound as TFA salt. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 8.14-7.84 (m, 4H), 7.74 (m, 1H), 7.65 (m, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.06-3.96 (m, 2H), 3.74-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 2.34-1.48 (m, 6H); MS ESI+ve m/z 375 (M+H)³⁰.

Example 4 Preparation of 2″-amino-6-bromo-1′″-methyl-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidin]-6″(5″H)-one (compound 64)

Step 1: Preparation of N-(trans-5′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide

To a solution of trans-6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (923 mg, 2.99 mmol) and 2-methyl-2-propane sulfonamide (1.450 g, 11.96 mmol) in anhydrous THF (75 mL) was added Ti(OEt)₄ (5.46 g, 4.96 mL, 23.92 mmol). The resulting mixture heated to reflux for 24 h. To this reaction mixture was added 2-methyl-2-propane sulfonamide (0.725 g, 5.98 mmol) and Ti(OEt)₄ (2.73 g, 2.48 mL, 11.96 mmol), then reflux another 14 h. After this period of time, 2-methyl-2-propane sulfonamide (0.725 g, 5.98 mmol) and Ti(OEt)₄ (2.73 g, 2.48 mL, 11.96 mmol) was added, the mixture was refluxed for another 48 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and quenched with brine (3 mL), and stirred vigorously for 30 min. The mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite®, and washed with ethyl acetate (50 mL). The filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was dissolved in DCM, filtered again. The filtrated was concentrated, the residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel to afford 0.968 g of the desired product as a light yellow solid. MS ESI+ve m/z 412 (M+H)⁺

Step 2: Preparation of methyl 2-(trans-6′-bromo-1′-(1,1-dimethylethylsulfinamido)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-yl)acetate

To a flame dried 50 mL of round bottom flask was charged with of methyl acetate (0.088 mL, 1.11 mmol) and anhydrous THF (10 mL) under N₂ atmosphere. The solution was cooled to −78° C. with stirring, 2 M LDA solution in THF (0.551 mL, 1.112 mmol) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for another 30 min at the same temperature after the addition. To this mixture was added 1 M solution of TiCl(OiPr)₃ in hexane (1.2 mL, 1.2 mmol) dropwise, then stirred another 30 min at −78° C. To this mixture was added a solution of N-(trans-5′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (227.6 mg, 0.55 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL) dropwise within 30 min. The reaction mixture was stirred another 1 h at −78° C. LC-MS shows 10% conversion. Keep this temperature and stirred another 2 h, no improvement in conversion.

In another flame dried 50 mL round bottom, enolate anion was prepared again using the same procedure with bigger scale and higher concentration: methyl acetate (0.44 mL, 1.11 mmol) in anhydrous THF (4 mL); 2 M LDA solution in THF (2.77 mL, 5.55 mmol); 1 M solution of TiCl(OiPr)₃ in hexane (6.1 mL, 6.1 mmol). Part of this enolate anion solution (6 mL) was transferred to above reaction flask with a syringe quickly. 70% conversion was achieved after 30 min. More of this Enolate anion solution (2 mL) was added to the reaction system in the same manner. The reaction was quenched after stirred another 30 min. 85% conversion was achieved at this point. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of Celite, and washed with EA. The separated aqueous phase was extracted with EA once. The combined organic phases were washed with brine, and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel to yield 210 mg of the desired product as white foam. MS ESI+ve m/z 486 (M+H)³⁰.

Step 3: Preparation of methyl 2-(trans-1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene)]-1′-yl)acetate

The solution of methyl 2-(trans-6′-bromo-1′-(1,1-dimethylethylsulfinamido)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-yl)acetate (190 mg, 0.89 mmol) in MeOH (4 mL) and 4 M HCl solution in 1,4-dioxane (8 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give the desired HCl salt as a white foam. It was used for next step without further purification. MS ESI+ve m/z 382 (M+H)³⁰.

Step 4: Preparation of methyl 2-(trans-6′-bromo-1′-isothiocyanato-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-yl)acetate

Above crude product was added to a solution of NaHCO₃ (328 mg, 3.9 mmol) in H₂O (10 mL) and DCM (1 mL) which was chilled at ° C., to this stirred mixture was added thiophosgene (33 μL, 49.5 mg, 0.93 mmol) and stirred for 1 h at ° C. Thiophosgene (22 μL, 33 mg, 0.62 mmol) was added to the reaction and stirred another 30 min. The reaction was diluted with DCM and brine, and the separated organic phase was washed with saturated brine and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and concentrated to produce the desired product as oil. It is used for next step without further purification. MS ESI+ve m/z 365 (M-NCS)⁺.

Step 5: Preparation of 6-bromo-1′″-methyl-2″-thioxo-2″,3″-dihydro-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidin]-6″(5″H)-one

To a solution of above crude product in DCM (3 mL) was added a solution of 2 M MeNH₂ in THF (3 mL). The mixture was stirred for 20 min at room temperature. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in DCM (2 mL) and hexane (2 mL) and evaporated to afford 179 mg of crude product as off-white solid. This product was used for next without further purification. MS ESI+ve m/z 423 (M+H)³⁰.

Step 6: Preparation of 2″-amino-6-bromo-1′″-methyl-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidin]-6″(5″H)-one

To a solution of above crude product in MeOH (9 mL) was added concentrated aqueous NH₄OH (4.5 mL), followed by tert-butyl hydroperoxide solution (ca. 5.5 M in nonane, 1 mL). The resulting suspension was stirred overnight. The resulting clear solution was concentrated in vacuum to produce the crude product. 10 mg of the crude product was purified through preparative HPLC to give the desired product as TFA salt. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 7.54 (d, J=1.6, 1H), 7.48 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.07 (m, 3H), 3.01 (d, J=16.8 Hz, 1H), 2.83 (d, J=16.8 Hz, 1H), 2.03 (m, 2H), 1.74 (m, 1H), 1.44-1.27 (m, 5H); MS ESI+ve m/z 406 (M+H)³⁰.

Example 5 Preparation of 3-(2″-amino-1′″-methyl-6″-oxo-5″,6″-dihydro-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidine]-6-yl)benzonitrile (compound 58)

To a solution of crude product of 2″-amino-6-bromo-1′″-methyl-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidin]-6″(5″H)-one (15 mg, purity 70%, 0.026 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (8 mg, 0.055 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (40 mg, 0.12 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2.5 mL) and H₂O (0.2 mL) charged in a 10 mL CEM microwave test tube was added PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (3 mg, 0.004 mmol), then the system was degassed by sweeping N₂. The tube was sealed and heated to 110° C. for 10 min in a CEM microwave reactor. Solvent was removed in vacuum and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to yield 4 mg of the desired product as a TFA salt. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 8.00 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (m, 1H), 7.71 (m, 1H), 7.66-7.61 (m, 3H), 7.42 (d, J=8.4, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.21-3.17 (m, 3H), 3.10 (d, J=16.8 Hz, 1H), 2.93 (d, J=16.8 Hz, 1H), 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.79 (m, 1H), 1.48-1.31 (m, 5H); MS ESI+ve m/z 429 (M+H)³⁰.

Example 6 Preparation of 2″-amino-1′″-methyl-6-(pyridin-3-yl)-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidin]-6″(5″H)-one (compound 59)

To a solution of crude product of 2″-amino-6-bromo-1′″-methyl-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidin]-6″(5″H)-one (25 mg, purity 70%, 0.043 mmol), 3-pyridineboronic acid (10 mg, 0.08 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (40 mg, 0.12 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) and H₂O (0.2 mL) charged in a 10 mL CEM microwave test tube was added PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (4 mg, 0.005 mmol), then the system was degassed by sweeping N₂. The tube was sealed and heated to 110° C. for 10 min in a CEM microwave reactor. Solvent was removed in vacuum and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to yield 7 mg of the desired product as a TFA salt. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 9.14 (s, 1H), 8.82 (m, 2H), 8.10 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.77 (dd, J=9.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.25-3.17 (m, 3H), 3.08 (d, J=17.2 Hz, 1H), 2.96 (d, J=17.2 Hz, 1H), 2.05 (m, 2H), 1.81 (dd, J=12.0, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 1.50-1.28 (m, 5H); MS ESI+ve m/z 405 (M+H)³⁰.

Example 7 Preparation of 2″-amino-1′″-methyl-6-(3-chloro-5-fluorophenyl)-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidin]-6″(5″H)-one (Compound 42)

To a solution of crude product of 2″-amino-6-bromo-1′″-methyl-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidin]-6″(5″H)-one (25 mg, purity 70%, 0.043 mmol), 3-chloro-5-fluorophenylboronic acid (13 mg, 0.07 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (40 mg, 0.12 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) and H₂O (0.2 mL) charged in a 10 mL CEM microwave test tube was added PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (4 mg, 0.005 mmol), then the system was degassed by sweeping N₂. The tube was sealed and heated to 110° C. for 10 min in a CEM microwave reactor. Solvent was removed in vacuum and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to yield 6 mg of the desired product as a TFA salt. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 7.63 (m, 2H), 7.51 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (m, 1H), 7.36 (m, 1H), 7.19 (m, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.16 (m, 3H), 3.09 (d, J=17.2 Hz, 1H), 2.92 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.03 (m, 2H), 1.79 (m, 1H), 1.48-1.28 (m, 5H); MS ESI+ve m/z 456 (M+H)³⁰.

Example 8 Preparation of 2″-amino-1′″-methyl-6-(cyclopropylethynyl)-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidin]-6″(5″H)-one (compound 55)

An oven dried 3-necked round bottom flask equipped with condenser was charged with crude product of 2″-amino-6-bromo-1′″-methyl-1″H-spiro[spiro[2,3-dihydro-indene-2,1′-(trans-4-methoxycyclohexane)]-1,4′-pyrimidin]-6″(5″H)-one (25 mg, purity 70%, 0.043 mmol), TEA (3 mL), DEA (0.3 mL) and DMF (1 mL) under N₂ atmosphere. To this solution was added CuI (5.7 mg, 0.026 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg, 0.007 mmol) and PPh₃ (4 mg, 0.015 mmol). The system was degas once again, then cyclopropyl acetylene (0.3 mL, excess) added and the mixture was heated to 53° C. (oil bath) with stirring. The reaction was evaporated after 12 h and the residue was filtered and purified by preparative HPLC to yield 3 mg of the desired product as TFA salt. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 7.33 (s, 1H), 7.30 (dd, J=7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.21-3.07 (m, 3H), 2.99 (d, J=17.2 Hz, 1H), 2.86 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.71 (m, 1H), 1.46-1.27 (m, 6H), 0.88 (m, 2H), 0.69 (m, 2H); MS ESI+ve m/z 392 (M+H)³⁰.

Example 9 Preparation of Compound 50

Step 1. Preparation of 2,2-diallyl-6-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (RXN1)

In a heat gun dried 50 mL round bottom flask was placed 6-bromo-1-indanone (500 mg, 2.37 mmol), and it was dissolved in THF (7.9 mL). To this solution was added allylbromide (513 μL, 5.93 mmol) and the solution was cooled down to 0° C. After stirring for 5 minutes, sodium hydride (237 mg, 5.93 mmol, 60% dispersion in mineral oil) was slowly added. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 2 hours at 0° C., warmed to room temperature, and stirred for another 2 hours. At that time it was quenched with ethyl acetate (10 mL) and water (10 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted twice with ethyl acetate (5 mL/each). The combined organic phases were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 40 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding the diallyl product (493 mg, 1.70 mmol, 72% yield) as a light yellow oil.

M+H=291.4

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.85 (dd, J=2.0, 0.4 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (dd, J=8.0, 0.4 Hz, 1H), 5.62-5.51 (m, 2H), 5.07 (ddd, J=16.8, 3.2, 1.2 Hz, 2H), 4.99 (ddd, J=10.0, 2.0, 0.8 Hz, 2H), 2.97 (s, 2H), 2.45 (m, 2H), 2.30 (m, 2H) ppm.

Step 2. Preparation of 6′-bromospiro[cyclopent[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (RXN2)

In a heat gun dried 50 mL round bottom flask was placed 2,2-diallyl-6-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (95 mg, 0.328 mmol) and it was dissolved in toluene (15 mL). To this solution was added Grubbs Catalyst 1^(st) generation (40 mg, 0.049 mmol). This solution was purged with a stream of nitrogen for 2 minutes. A condenser was attached to the flask and reaction was heated to reflux overnight (˜14 hours). After that time, the reaction was concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding 6′-bromospiro[cyclopent[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (72 mg, 0.275 mmol, 84% yield) as a white solid.

M+H=262.9, 264.8

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.89 (dd, J=2.4, 0.4 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (dd, J=8.0, 0.4 Hz, 1H), 5.71 (s, 2H), 3.10 (s, 2H), 2.87 (m, 2H), 2.33 (m, 2H) ppm.

Step 3. Preparation of 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopent[3]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (RXN3)

In a microwave vial was placed 6′-bromospiro[cyclopent[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (72 mg, 0.275 mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (52 mg, 0.354 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (19 mg, 0.027 mmol) and cesium carbonate (224 mg, 0.687 mmol). This solid mixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture (2.7 mL, 6:1 ratio, respectively). The solution was purged with a N₂ stream for 1 minute. The vessel was placed in the microwave and heated to 120° C. for 10 minutes. After that time, the mixture was filtered through a Celite plug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane (20 mL) and water (20 mL). The phases in the filtrate were separated. The aqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane (5 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with water, brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopent[3]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (45 mg, 0.158 mmol, 57% yield) as white crystals. M+H=286.5

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.97 (bd, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.88 (m, 1H), 7.84 (dt, J=6.4, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (ddd, J=8.0, 1.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (ddd, J=7.6, 1.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 5.75 (s, 2H), 3.23 (s, 2H), 2.93 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 2H), 2.39 (d, J=14.4 Hz, 2H) ppm.

Step 4. Preparation of 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (RXN4)

In a 25 mL round bottom flask was placed 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopent[3]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (37 mg, 0.130 mmol) and it was dissolved in THF/MeOH (2.5 mL, 1:1). To this solution was added KO₂CNNCO₂K (378 mg, 1.95 mmol) followed by the dropwise addition of AcOH (334 μL, 5.83 mmol). After 1 hour, more KO₂CNNCO₂K (378 mg, 1.95 mmol) and AcOH (334 μL, 5.83 mmol) were added and this was repeated until complete consumption of the alkene. When the reaction was completed, it was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl (20 mL) and diluted with ethyl acetate (10 mL). The phases were separated. The aqueous phase was back-extracted with ethyl acetate twice (5 mL/each). The combined organic phases were washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (17 mg, 0.059 mmol, 45% yield).

M+H=288.4

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.95 (bs, 1H), 7.88 (bs, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (m, 2H), 3.10 (s, 2H), 2.00 (m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.65 (m, 1H) ppm.

Step 5. Preparation of compound 50 (RXN5)

In a 20 mL vial was placed 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (20 mg, 0.070 mmol), and it was azeotroped twice with toluene (2 mL/each). Dichloromethane (4 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (139 μL, 0.139 mmol, 1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (50 μL, 0.223 mmol) was added and the solution was allowed to stir overnight (14 hours) at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with ice cold water (5 mL). The two phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted twice with dichloromethane (5 mL/each). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (7 mg, 0.084 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL). To this solution was added NaOMe (15 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. This solution was transferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. After that time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduce pressure and the crude material was purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% CH₃CN/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as the eluent). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated yielding the final product (6.5 mg, 0.018 mmol, 26% yield) as a white solid.

M+H=359.1

¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.02 (bs, 1H), 7.92 (m, 1H), 7.78-7.61 (m, 4H), 7.42 (d, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 2.97 (d, 2H), 2.07-1.51 (m, 4H) ppm.

Example 10 Preparation of Compounds 57 and 62

Step 1. Preparation of 6′-bromo-3,4-dihydroxyspiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (RXN1)

In a 20 mL vial was placed 6′-bromospiro[cyclopent[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (100 mg, 0.382 mmol) and it was dissolved in a mixture of acetone, H₂O and t-BuOH (3.8 mL, 8:2:1). To this solution was added NMO (89 mg, 0.760 mmol) and was followed by the addition of aqueous OsO₄ (50 μL, 0.153 M in H₂O). The reaction was allowed to stir overnight (˜14 hours). At that time, the reaction was cooled down to 0° C. and sodium sulfite (50 mg) was added and the mix was stirred for 30 minutes. After that time, water (5 mL) and ethyl acetate (5 mL) were added. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted with ethyl acetate three times (5 mL/each). The combined organic phases were washed with 1M HCl, water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. ¹H NMR of this crude showed ˜1:1 mixture of 6′-bromo-3,4-dihydroxyspiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one cis-isomers. This crude mixture of isomers was used as it is for the next reaction. 100 mg of crude were obtained.

M+H=296.9, 298.9

Step 2. Preparation of 6′-bromo-3,4-dimethoxyspiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (RXN 2)

In a 50 mL round bottom flask was placed 6′-bromo-3,4-dihydroxyspiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (100 mg, 0.338 mmol) and it was dissolved in acetonitrile (2 mL). To this heterogenous solution was added Ag₂O (470 mg, 2.028 mmol) followed by freshly grounded Drierite (500 mg). Then MeI (843 μL, 2.97 mmol) was added, the round bottom flask was capped with a plastic cap and it was parafilmed. The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature. After 2 days stirring the alcohol was consumed. The reaction mixture was filtered through a plug of Celite and the cake was rinsed with ethyl acetate three times (5 mL/each). The filtrate was concentrated under reduce pressure. This crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO2 cartridge, using ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The mixture of cis-isomers was easily separated in the chromatography. The corresponding fractions for each isomer were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding the two cis-isomers of 6′-bromo-3,4-dimethoxyspiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (51 mg 1^(st) isomer, 23 mg 2^(nd) isomer).

M+H=324.9, 327.0 (for both isomers)

1^(st) isomer (51 mg)

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.84 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (m, 2H), 3.42 (s, 6H), 3.20 (s, 2H), 2.15 (m, 2H), 1.86 (dd, J=14.0, 5.2 Hz, 2H) ppm.

2^(nd) isomer (23 mg)

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.88 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.0 Hz), 3.87 (m, 2H), 3.42 (s, 6H), 3.01 (s, 2H), 2.30 (dd, J=13.2, 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.80 (dd, J=13.2, 6.0 Hz, 2H) ppm.

Step 3. Preparation of 3-(3,4-dimethoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (RXN 3) 1^(st) isomer

In a microwave vial was placed 6′-bromo-3,4-dimethoxyspiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one 1^(st) isomer (51 mg, 0.157 mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (30 mg, 0.204 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (11 mg, 0.016 mmol) and cesium carbonate (128 mg, 0.393 mmol). This solid mixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture (2.0 mL, 6:1 ratio, respectively). The solution was purged with a N₂ stream for 30 seconds. The vessel was placed in the μwave and heated to 110° C. for 30 minutes. After that time, the mixture was filtered through a Celite plug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane (4 mL) and water (4 mL). The phases in the filtrate were separated. The aqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane (2 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding 3-(3,4-dimethoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile 1^(st) isomer (40 mg, 0.115 mmol, 73% yield).

M+H=347.9

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.92 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (dd, J=1.2, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.83-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.65 (ddd, J=8.0, 1.2, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.53 (m, 2H), 4.00 (m, 2H), 3.44 (s, 6H), 3.33 (s, 2H), 2.24-2.19 (m, 2H), 1.92 (dd, J=14.0, 5.2 Hz, 2H) ppm.

3-(3,4-dimethoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (RXN 5) 2^(nd) isomer

In a microwave vial was placed 6′-bromo-3,4-dimethoxyspiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one 1^(st) isomer (23 mg, 0.071 mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (14 mg, 0.095 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg, 0.007 mmol) and cesium carbonate (58 mg, 0.178 mmol). This solid mixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture (1.0 mL, 6:1 ratio, respectively). The solution was purged with a N₂ stream for 30 seconds. The vessel was placed in the microwave and heated to 110° C. for 30 minutes. After that time, the mixture was filtered through a Celite plug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane (2 mL) and water (2 mL). The phases in the filtrate were separated. The aqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane (2 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding 3-(3,4-dimethoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile 2^(nd) isomer (24 mg, 0.069 mmol, 97% yield).

M+H=347.9

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.95 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (m, 1H), 7.83-7.78 (2H), 7.67-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.59-7.52 (m, 2H), 3.91 (m, 2H), 3.44 (s, 6H), 3.13 (s, 2H), 2.34 (dd, J=13.2, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.85 (dd, J=13.2, 5.6 Hz, 2H) ppm.

Step 4. Preparation of Compound 62 (RXN 4)

In a 20 mL vial was placed 3-(3,4-dimethoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile 1^(st) isomer (40 mg, 0.115 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluene twice (2 mL/each). Dichloromethane (3 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (231 μL, 0.231 mmol, 1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (83 μL, 0.370 mmol) was added and the solution was allowed to stir 1 hour at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with ice cold water (5 mL). The two phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted twice with dichloromethane (2 mL/each). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (11 mg, 0.132 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL). To this solution was added NaOMe (26 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. This solution was transferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After that time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduce pressure. Attempts to purify by HPLC failed due to poor solubility in acetonitrile/water. The white solid was collected and LC/MS analysis showed the desired final compound (9.6 mg, 0.023 mmol, 20% yield)>95% pure. ¹H NMR confirmed purity.

M+H=419.0

¹H NMR=(d₆-DMSO, 400 MHz) δ 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.90 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.67-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 2.88 (s, 3H), 2.91-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.08-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.62 (dd, J=13.6, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 1.30 (dd, J=13.2, 6.4 Hz, 1H) ppm.

Preparation of Compound 57 (RXN 6)

In a 20 mL vial was placed 3-(3,4-dimethoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopentane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile 2^(nd) isomer (24 mg, 0.069 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluene twice (2 mL/each). Dichloromethane (2 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (138 μL, 0.138 mmol, 1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (50 μL, 0.223 mmol) was added and the solution was allowed to stir 1 hour at room temperature. Only 50% conversion was observed. The reaction was not forced to completion and it was quenched with ice cold water (5 mL). The two phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted twice with dichloromethane (2 mL/each). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (6 mg, 0.072 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL). To this solution was added NaOMe (16 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. This solution was transferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After that time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduce pressure and the crude material was purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% CH₃CN/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as the eluent). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated yielding the final product (4.17 mg, 0.010 mmol, 14% yield) as a colorless oil.

M+H=419.0

¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.02 (bs, 1H), 7.97-7.94 (m, 1H), 7.76-7.72 (m, 3H), 7.64 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (m, 2H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.10-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.48 (dd, J=14.8, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 2.06 (m, 1H), 1.83 (dd, J=14.4, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 1.63 (dd, J=12.8, 6.0 Hz, 1H) ppm.

Example 11 Preparation of Compound 49

Step 1. Preparation of 6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione (RXN1)

In a flame dried 20 mL vial was placed 6-bromo-2-methylene-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (98 mg, 0.441 mmol) and it was dissolved in dichloromethane (4.5 mL). To this solution was added 2-trimethylsilyloxy-1,3-butadiene (98 μL, 0.565 mmol) and the solution was cooled down to −78° C. After stirring for 5 minutes, BF₃.OEt₂ (27 mL, 0.219 mmol) was slowly added. After 5 minutes of the BF₃.OEt₂ addition, TLC indicated consumption of the dienophile. The reaction was quenched with MeOH (300 μL), allowed to stir for 5 minutes at −78° C. and then warmed up to room temperature. Once at room temperature, 2M HCl (7 mL) was added. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane twice (5 mL/each). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding 6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione (62 mg, 0.212 mmol, 48% yield).

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.68 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.94 (s, 2H), 2.48 (dt, J=15.2, 5.6 Hz, 2H), 2.22 (ddd, J=15.2, 10.8, 5.6 Hz, 2H), 1.98 (ddd, J=13.6, 11.2, 5.2 Hz, 2H), 1.65 (m, 2H) ppm.

Step 2. Preparation (trans-6′-bromo-4-hydroxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (RXN 2)

To a 20 mL vial was added 6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione (102 mg, 0.349 mmol) and it was dissolved in THF (3.49 mL). This solution was cooled down to −78° C. and stirred for 5 minutes at that temperature. Then, NaBH₄ (7 mg, 0.184 mmol) were added at −78° C. After 10 minutes more NaBH₄ (7 mg, 0.184 mmol) was added. After 5 minutes, LC/MS showed ˜70% conversion. Finally, a final portion of NaBH₄ (10 mg, 0.263 mmol) was added. After 5 minutes, TLC showed total consumption of the diketone. The excess NaBH₄ was quenched immediately with acetone (300 μL). After stirring for 15 minutes at −78° C., the reaction was warmed to room temperature and ethyl acetate (7 mL) and water (7 mL) were added. The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted with ethyl acetate twice (5 mL/each). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The fractions corresponding to the isomer shown in the scheme were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding trans-6′-bromo-4-hydroxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (71 mg, 0.241 mmol, 69% yield) as a colorless oil.

M+H=294.9, 296.9

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.84 (bs, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (m, 1H), 2.96 (s, 2H), 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.94 (s, 1H), 1.77 (m, 2H), 1.47-1.40 (m, 4H) ppm.

Step 3. Preparation of trans-6′-bromo-4-ethoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (RXN 3)

In a 20 mL vial was placed trans-6′-bromo-4-hydroxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (295 mg, 1.00 mmol) and it was dissolved in acetonitrile (3 mL). To this heterogenous solution was added Ag₂O (690 mg, 2.98 mmol) followed by freshly grounded Drierite (1 g). Then EtI (1.58 mL, 19.75 mmol) was added, the round bottom flask was capped with a plastic cap and it was parafilmed. The reaction was allowed to stir at 40° C. overnight (˜14 hours). The reaction mixture was filtered through a plug of Celite and the cake was rinsed with dichloromethane (15 mL). The filtrate was concentrated under reduce pressure. This crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 40 g SiO₂ cartridge, using ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding trans-6′-bromo-4-ethoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (200 mg, 0.621 mmol, 62% yield).

M+H=322.9, 324.9

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.79 (bs, 1H), 7.61 (dd, J=8.0 Hz, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.49 (quart., J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.28 (m, 1H), 2.90 (s, 2H), 2.05 (m, 2H), 1.69 (ddd, J=13.6, 3.6 Hz, 2H), 1.44-1.27 (m, 4H), 1.15 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H) ppm.

Step 4. Preparation of 3-trans-4-ethoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (RXN 4)

In a 20 mL vial was placed trans-6′-bromo-4-ethoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (56 mg, 0.174 mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (33 mg, 0.225 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (12 mg, 0.017 mmol) and cesium carbonate (142 mg, 0.436 mmol). This solid mixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture (2 mL, 6:1 ratio, respectively). The solution was purged with a N₂ stream for 20 seconds. The reaction vial was capped and allowed to stir at 95° C. for 1 hour. At this time, the mixture was filtered through a Celite plug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane (10 mL) and water (10 mL). The phases in the filtrate were separated. The aqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane twice (5 mL/each). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding 3-(trans-4-ethoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (51 mg, 0.148 mmol, 66% yield) as a yellow solid.

M+H=346.0

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.92 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (dd, J=1.6, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.83-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.65 (dt, J=7.6, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.54 (m, 2H), 3.57 (quart., J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.37 (m, 1H), 3.08 (s, 2H), 2.14 (m, 2H), 1.80 (ddd, J=14.0, 3.6 Hz, 2H), 1.54-1.37 (m, 4H), 1.22 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 3H) ppm.

Step 5. Preparation of Compound 11 (RXN 5)

In a 20 mL vial was placed 3-(trans-4-ethoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (51 mg, 0.148 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). Dichloromethane (4 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (296 μL, 0.296 mmol, 1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (106 μL, 0.472 mmol) was added and the solution was allowed to stir for 1 hour at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with ice cold water (5 mL). The two phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted twice with dichloromethane (2 mL/each). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (14 mg, 0.167 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (3 mL). To this solution was added NaOMe (33 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. This solution was transferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirred at room temperature overnight (˜14 hours). After that time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduce pressure and the crude material was purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 5-90% CH₃CN/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as the eluent). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated. The oil obtained was lyophilized yielding the final product (14 mg, 0.034 mmol, 23% yield) as white solid.

M+H=417.1

¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.00 (bs, 1H), 7.95-7.93 (m, 1H), 7.78-7.61 (m, 4H), 7.45 (m, 1H), 3.57 (quart., J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.09-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.17-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.37 (m, 4H), 1.18 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H) ppm.

Example 12 Preparation of Compounds 47 and 53

Step 1. Preparation of 3-(1′-oxo-4-phenyl-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopent[2]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (RXN1)

In to a 4 mL vial was placed 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopent[3]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (99 mg, 0.347 mmol) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (12 mg, 0.017 mmol). They were dissolved in DMF (1 mL). To this solution was added NEt₃ (72 μL, 0.518 mmol) followed by iodobenzene (47 μL, 0.420 mmol). The vial was capped and heated in an oil bath at 120° C. overnight (˜14 hours). After that time, the mixture was filtered through a Celite plug and rinsed with dichloromethane twice (5 mL/each). To the filtrate was added water (5 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane twice (2 mL/each). The combined organic phases were washed with water, brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding 3-(1′-oxo-4-phenyl-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopent[2]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (43 mg, 0.119 mmol, 34% yield).

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.96 (bs, 1H), 7.87 (bs, 1H), 7.84-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.66 (dd, J=7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H) 7.60-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.30 (m, 3H), 7.26-7.21 (2H), 6.10 (ddd, J=5.6, 2.4, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 5.69 (dd, J=5.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.37 (m, 1H), 3.45 (d, J_(A,B)=17.6 Hz, 1H), 3.15 (d, J_(A,B)=17.6 Hz, 1H), 2.92 (dd, J=12.8, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 1.85 (dd, J=12.8, 6.4 Hz, 1H) ppm.

Step 2. Preparation and separation of compounds 47 and 53

In a 20 mL vial was placed 3-(1′-oxo-4-phenyl-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclopent[2]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (43 mg, 0.119 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluene twice (2 mL/each). Dichloromethane (4 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (238 μL, 0.238 mmol, 1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (86 μL, 0.383 mmol) was added and the solution was allowed to stir for 1 hour at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with ice cold water (5 mL). The two phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted twice with dichloromethane (2 mL/each). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (11 mg, 0.167 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (3 mL). To this solution was added NaOMe (26 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. This solution was transferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirred at room temperature overnight (˜14 hours). After that time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduce pressure and the crude material was purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% CH₃CN/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as the eluent). Two diastereomers were separated by the HPLC. The corresponding fractions for each respective diastereomer were combined and concentrated yielding two final diastereomeric products (1.1 mg, 0.034 mmol, FRACTION A, 1.64 mg, 0.000 mmol, FRACTION B, 23% yield).

M+H=433.0 (ISOMER A)

M+H=433.0 (ISOMER B)

Fraction A

¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.03 (bs, 1H), 7.98-7.95 (m, 1H), 7.82-7.72 (m, 3H), 7.65 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.34-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.19 (m, 3H), 6.10 (dd, J=5.6, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 5.71 (dd, J=5.6 Hz, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (m, 1H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.25 (d, J_(A,B)=16.4 Hz, 1H), 3.09 (d, J_(A,B)=16.4 Hz, 1H), 3.05 (dd, J=14.0, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 1.78 (dd, J=14.0, 7.6 Hz, 1H) ppm.

Fraction B

¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.03 (m, 1H), 7.98-7.95 (m, 1H), 7.82-7.72 (m, 3H), 7.64 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.17 (m, 3H), 6.08 (m, 2H), 4.12 (t, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 3.46 (d, J_(A,B)=16.0 Hz, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 2.91 (d, J_(A,B)=16.0 Hz, 1H), 2.65 (dd, J=14.0, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 1.63 (dd, J=14.0, 7.6 Hz) ppm.

Example 13 Preparation of Compounds 34 and 44

Step 1: Preparation of 6′-bromo-4-fluorospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one and 6′-bromo-4,4-difluorospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (RXN 1)

In a 15 mL plastic tube was placed 6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione (100 mg, 0.340 mmol) and dry silica gel (50 mg). To the mixture was slowly added Deoxy-fluor (2 mL, 50% in toluene). The reaction was allowed to stir for 2 hours. LC/MS analysis indicated formation of the vinyl fluoride adduct along with the geminal difluoro analog. The reaction mixture was directly transferred to a 12 g SiO2 cartridge packed in 100% hexanes and purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, using ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents. The corresponding fractions for each individual compound were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding 6′-bromo-4-fluorospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (14 mg, 0.048 mmol) as a white solid, and 6′-bromo-4,4-difluorospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (37 mg, 0.118 mmol) as a white solid.

M+H=294.9 and 296.9 (VINYL FLUORIDE)

M+H=314.9 and 316.9 (GEMINAL DIFLUORIDE)

6′-bromo-4-fluorospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.88 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.25 (m, 1H), 3.00 (d, J_(A,B)=17.2 Hz, 1H) 2.90 (d, J_(A,B)=17.2 Hz, 1H), 2.52 (m, 1H), 2.39-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.09-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.81 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.58 (m, 1H) ppm.

6′-bromo-4,4-difluorospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.88 (d, J=2.0 Hz), 7.70 (dd, J=8.0 Hz, 2.0 Hz), 7.33 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.99 (s, 2H), 2.34-2.25 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.99 (m, 2H), 1.96-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.63-1.58 (m, 2H) ppm.

Step 2. Preparation of 3-(4-fluoro-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (RXN 2)

In a 20 mL vial was placed 6′-bromo-4-fluorospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (11 mg, 0.037 mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (7 mg, 0.048 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (3 mg, 0.004 mmol) and cesium carbonate (30 mg, 0.092 mmol). This solid mixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture (1 mL, 6:1 ratio, respectively). The reaction vial was capped and allowed to stir at 95° C. for 1 hour. At this time, the mixture was filtered through a Celite plug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane (1 mL) and water (1 mL). The filtrate was diluted with dichloromethane (2 mL) and water (2 mL). The phases in the filtrate were separated. The aqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane twice (2 mL/each). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 4 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding 3-(4-fluoro-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (15 mg, 0.047 mmol, quantitative).

M+H=318.0

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.95 (bs, 1H), 7.87 (bs, 1H), 7.84-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.66 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.55 (m, 2H), 5.31-5.25 (m, 1H), 3.12 (d, J_(A,B)=17.6 Hz, 1H), 3.03 (d, J_(A,B)=17.6 Hz, 1H), 2.60-2.54 (m, 1H), 2.40 (m, 2H), 2.14-2.06 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.63 (m, 1H) ppm.

Preparation of 3-(4,4-difluoro-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (RXN 3)

In a 20 mL vial was placed 6′-bromo-4,4-difluorospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (35 mg, 0.111 mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (23 mg, 0.157 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (8 mg, 0.011 mmol) and cesium carbonate (91 mg, 0.279 mmol). This solid mixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture (1.1 mL, 6:1 ratio, respectively). The reaction vial was capped and allowed to stir at 90° C. for 1 hour. At this time, the mixture was filtered through a Celite plug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane (5 mL) and water (5 mL). The phases in the filtrate were separated. The aqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane twice (3 mL/each). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding 3-(4,4-difluoro-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (30 mg, 0.089 mmol, 80% yield) as a white solid.

M+H=338.0

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.94 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (m, 1H), 7.84-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.72-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.61-7.55 (m, 2H), 3.11 (s, 2H), 2.34-2.28 (m, 2H), 2.12-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.64 (m, 2H) ppm.

Step 3. Preparation of Compound 34

In a 20 mL vial was placed 3-(4-fluoro-F-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (15 mg, 0.047 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). Dichloromethane (3 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (94 μL, 0.094 mmol, 1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (34 μL, 0.151 mmol) was added and the solution was allowed to stir for 1 hour at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with ice cold water (5 mL). The two phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted twice with dichloromethane (3 mL/each). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (4.3 mg, 0.051 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL). To this solution was added NaOMe (11 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. This solution was transferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirred at room temperature overnight (˜14 hours). After that time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduce pressure and the crude material was purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 5-90% CH₃CN/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as the eluent). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated yielding the final product (0.78 mg, 0.002 mmol, 4% yield).

M+H=389.0

¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.02 (m, 1H), 7.97-7.95 (m, 1H), 7.80-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.75-7.72 (m, 1H), 7.68-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.45 (m, 1H), 5.28-5.16 (m, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.07 (d, J_(A,B)=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.93 (d, J_(A,B)=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.57-2.32 (m, 3H), 2.10-1.81 (m, 3H) ppm.

Preparation of Compound 44 (RXN 5)

In a 20 mL vial was placed 3-(4,4-difluoro-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (30 mg, 0.089 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). Dichloromethane (3 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (178 μL, 0.178 mmol, 1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (64 μL, 0.285 mmol) was added and the solution was allowed to stir for 1 hour at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with ice cold water (5 mL) and diluted with dichloromethane (3 mL). The two phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted twice with dichloromethane (3 mL/each). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (8 mg, 0.096 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (2.5 mL). To this solution was added NaOMe (20 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. This solution was transferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirred at room temperature overnight (˜14 hours). After that time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduce pressure and the crude material was purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% CH₃CN/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as the eluent). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated. The glace product was lyophilized yielding the final product (3.01 mg, 0.007 mmol, 8% yield). M+H=409.0

¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.01 (bs, 1H), 7.96-7.94 (m, 1H), 7.79-7.76 (m, 2H), 7.73-7.71 (m, 1H), 7.67-7.62 (m, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.14 (d, J_(A,B)=16.0 Hz, 1H), 3.06 (d, J_(A,B)=16.0 Hz, 1H), 2.13-2.07 (m, 3H), 2.00-1.76 (m, 4H), 1.52 (m, 1H) ppm.

Example 14 Preparation of Compound 24

Step 1. Preparation of 6′-(cyclopropylethynyl)-4-ethoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (RXN 1)

In a 25 mL round bottom flask was placed 6′-bromo-4-ethoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (200 mg, 0.621 mmol) and it was azeotroped twice with toluene (5 mL/each). Triethylamine (3.0 mL) and diethylamine (0.8 mL) were added and this solution was bubbled with a nitrogen stream for 1 minute. Then PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (22 mg, 0.031 mmol) and CuI (6 mg, 0.032 mmol) were added and again the solution was bubbled with a stream of nitrogen for 1 minute. Then, PPh₃ (16 mg, 0.061 mmol) was added followed by the addition of cyclopropyl acetylene (600 μL, excess) and one more time the solution was bubbled with a stream of nitrogen for 1 minute. The flask was capped with a septum and allowed to stir overnight (˜14 hours) at 56° C. At that time, the solvent was removed under reduce pressure and the crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 40 g SiO₂ cartridge, using ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding 6′-(cyclopropylethynyl)-4-ethoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (180 mg, 0.584 mmol, 94% yield).

M+H=309.0

¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.55 (quart., J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (m, 1H), 2.99 (s, 2H), 2.11 (m, 2H), 1.75 (ddd, J=13.6, 13.6, 2.8 Hz, 2H), 1.48-1.33 (m, 4H), 1.21 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.90-0.83 (m, 2H), 0.82-0.77 (m, 2H) ppm.

Step 2. Preparation of compound 24 (RXN 2)

In a 50 mL round bottom flask was placed 6′-(cyclopropylethynyl)-4-ethoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (180 mg, 0.584 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluene twice (2 mL/each). Dichloromethane (20 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (1.17 mL, 1.17 mmol, 1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (420 μL, 1.87 mmol) was added and the solution was allowed stir overnight (˜14 hours). The reaction was quenched with ice cold water (20 mL). The two phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane (10 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). In a separate flame dried 20 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (54 mg, 0.647 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (15 mL). To this solution was added NaOMe (118 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. This solution was transferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After that time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduce pressure and the crude material was purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% MeOH/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as the eluent). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated. The concentrated product was lyophilized yielding the final product (90 mg, 0.237 mmol, 41% yield).

M+H=380.1

¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.41 (bs, 1H), 7.38 (m, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.57 (m, 2H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 2.99 (d, J_(A,B)=16.0 Hz, 1H), 2.93 (d, J_(A,B)=16.0 Hz, 1H), 2.14-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.51-1.34 (m, 4H), 1.17 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.92-0.85 (m, 2H), 0.75-0.71 (m, 2H) ppm.

Example 15 Preparation of Compounds 26, 29 and 56

Step 1

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged with Lawesson's reagent (0.0745 g, 0.184 mmol), hydantoin (0.0758 g, 0.184 mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (3 mL). The tube was heated in a CEM microwave reactor for three times, at 110° C. for 30 min, 140° C. for 30 min, and 140° C. for 30 min, respectively. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 0.0339 g (43%) of 2-thiohydantoin as a solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.88 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 427, 429 (MH⁺).

Step 2

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged with 2-thiohydantoin (0.0339 g), MeOH (3 mL), and 1 N NaOH (0.5 mL). After stirring at room temperature for 10 min, MeI (0.5 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 60° C. for 10 min and then purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% CH₃CN/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% CH₃CN/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford 0.0180 g (50%) of 3-methyl-2-(methylthio)-3,5-dihydroimidazole-4-one. LC-MS t_(R)=2.17 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 455, 457 (MH⁺).

Step 3. Preparation of Compound 56

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged with 3-methyl-2-(methylthio)-3,5-dihydroimidazole-4-one (0.0180 g), NH₄I (0.600 g), 1,4-dioxane (1 mL), and 7 M NH₃ in MeOH (4 mL). The tube was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 120° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% CH₃CN/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% CH₃CN/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford TFA salt of compound 56. LC-MS t_(R)=1.80 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 424, 426 (MH¹); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.46-6.89 (m, 7H), 5.62-5.56 (m, 1H), 5.26-5.22 (m, 1H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.90-2.58 (m, 6H), 1.74-1.67 (m, 2H).

Step 4. Preparation of Compounds 26 and 29

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged with compound 56 (0.0040 g), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (0.0462 g), Cs₂CO₃ (0.2225 g), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (0.0142 g), 1,4-dioxane (4 mL), and H₂O (0.5 mL). The tube was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 110° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% CH₃CN/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% CH₃CN/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford TFA salt of compound 29. LC-MS t_(R)=1.86 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 447 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.93-6.92 (m, 11H), 5.63-5.58 (m, 1H), 5.28-5.24 (m, 1H), 3.13 (s, 3H), 3.02-2.59 (m, 6H), 1.82-1.70 (m, 2H).

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged with compound 56 (0.0068 g), 3-chloro-5-fluorophenylboronic acid (0.0782 g), Cs₂CO₃ (0.2277 g), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (0.0127 g), 1,4-dioxane (4 mL), and H₂O (0.5 mL). The tube was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 110° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% CH₃CN/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% CH₃CN/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford TFA salt of compound 26. LC-MS t_(R)=2.27 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 474, 476 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.62-6.75 (m, 10H), 5.62-5.56 (m, 1H), 5.27-5.23 (m, 1H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 3.00-2.56 (m, 6H), 1.77-1.68 (m, 2H); ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CD₃OD) δ −113.11 (m).

Example 16 Preparation of Compound 67

Step 1. 2-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(trimethylsilyloxy)acetonitrile

To a solution of 5-bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde (2.1385 g, 10.53 mmol) and DMAP (0.0146 g, 0.12 mmol, 0.011 equiv) in CH₃CN (20 mL) was added TMSCN (1.4086 g, 14.20 mmol, 1.35 equiv) dropwise via a syringe under nitrogen at room temperature. After 4 h, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was directly used in the next step without further purification.

Step 2. (5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)(7-hydroxy-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-7-yl)methanone

To a solution of 2-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(trimethylsilyloxy)acetonitrile (10.53 mmol), obtained as described above, in THF (10 mL) was added LiHMDS (1.0 Min THF, 11 mL, 11 mmol, 1.05 equiv) via a syringe under nitrogen at −78° C. After 1.25 h, a solution of 5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-7H-benzocyclohepten-7-one (1.6550 g, 10.33 mmol, 0.98 equiv) in THF (16 mL) was added dropwise via a cannula. The resulting mixture was allowed to slowly warm to 7° C. over 16 h. The mixture was then treated with 2 N HCl (25 mL) and MeOH (75 mL). The resulting solution was vigorously stirred at room temperature for 22 h and the solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was extracted twice with CH₂Cl₂, dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 1.6570 g (44% in two steps) of (5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)(7-hydroxy-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-7-yl)methanone as a solid. LC-MS t_(R)=2.02 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 345, 347 (M−H₂O)⁺; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.54-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.41-7.38 (m, 1H), 7.13 (m, 4H), 7.01-6.97 (m, 1H), 3.43-3.36 (m, 2H), 3.31 (s, 1H), 2.64-2.59 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.88 (m, 4H); ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −113.01; ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 205.59, 157.47 (d, J=249.2 Hz), 142.18, 134.95 (d, J=8.4 Hz), 131.18 (d, J=3.8 Hz), 128.93, 128.24 (d, J=19.9 Hz), 126.40, 117.89 (d, J=24.5 Hz), 116.81 (d, J=3.1 Hz), 81.65, 35.21, 35.19, 29.25.

Step 3. 5′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-one

A mixture of (5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)(7-hydroxy-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulen-7-yl)methanone (1.3739 g, 3.78 mmol) and 60% NaH (0.5900 g, 14.75 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was heated at 100° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled with an ice bath and quenched with 2 N HCl (5 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate, dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvents were evaporated, the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 0.9170 g (71%) of 5′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-one as a solid. LC-MS t_(R)=2.31 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 343, 345 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.79-7.78 (m, 1H), 7.73-7.71 (m, 1H), 7.17 (m, 4H), 7.11-7.09 (m, 1H), 3.41-3.35 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.75 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.85 (m, 4H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 201.53, 169.46, 141.50, 140.56, 128.93, 127.47, 126.62, 121.63, 115.61, 114.15, 92.58, 32.98, 29.67.

Step 4. N-(5′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of 5′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-one (0.1660 g, 0.48 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was added TiCl₄ (1.0 Min CH₂Cl₂, 1.0 mL, 1.0 mmol) dropwise at room temperature. The reaction mixture was turned into orange precipitates in a few minutes. After 1 h, 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide (0.30 mL, 1.32 mmol) was added via a syringe. The precipitates were disappeared and the reaction mixture was turned into a red solution. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 h and then quenched with ice, extracted with CH₂Cl₂, dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the crude product was directly used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS t_(R)=2.27 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 367, 369 (MH⁺).

Step 5. Preparation of Compound 67

To a suspension of N-(5′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-ylidene)cyanamide (0.48 mmol), obtained as described above, in EtOH (20 mL) was added a mixture of methylhydroxyamine.HCl salt (0.0986 g, 1.18 mmol) and CH₃ONa (25 wt. % in MeOH, 0.25 mL, 1.10 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL). After 16 h, the reaction mixture was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% CH₃CN/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% CH₃CN/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford TFA salt of compound 67. LC-MS t_(R)=1.43, 1.58 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 414, 416 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.81-6.83 (m, 7H), 3.37-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.07-2.02 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.72 (m, 2H).

Example 17 Preparation of Compound 25

Experimental Data:

Step 1. dimethyl 3-hydroxypentanedioate

To a mixture of dimethyl 3-oxopentanedioate (20 g, 115 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (140 mL) was added NaBH₄ (2.33 g, 63.18 mmol) in small portions over 10 minutes. The mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature and concentrated. Water and EtOAc was added and the organic phase was separated and dried. The combined organic layer was concentrated to give the crude product, which was purified by column chromatography to give dimethyl 3-hydroxypentanedioate (9 g, 44%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 2.51 (m, 4H), 3.43 (m, 1H), 3.70 (m, 6H), 4.45 (m, 1H).

Step 2. dimethyl 3-methoxypentanedioate

To a solution of dimethyl 3-hydroxypentanedioate (9 g, 51.1 mmol) in DMF (70 mL) was added Ag₂O (35.5 g, 154.3 mmol) and iodomethane (48.2 g, 339.2 mmol) under ice-cooling. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was filtrated and the filtrate was washed with water. Ether was added and the organic layer was dried and concentrated to give the crude product, which was purified by column chromatography to give dimethyl 3-methoxypentanedioate (8 g, 82%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 2.48 (m, 4H), 3.21 (m, 3H), 3.50 (m, 6H), 3.85 (s, 1H).

Step 3. 3-methoxypentane-1,5-diol

To a stirred suspension of LAH (1.77 g, 46.6 mmol) in THF (40 mL) under N₂ was cooled to 0° C. and was added dimethyl 3-methoxypentanedioate (3.7 g, 19.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred overnight. Aqueous NaOH (1 N, 12 mL) was added at 0° C. The mixture was filtered and the cake was washed with EtOAc 3 times. The filtrate was dried and concentrated to give 3-methoxypentane-1,5-diol (1 g, 38%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 1.75 (m, 4H), 2.62 (s, 2H), 3.37 (m, 3H), 3.6 (m, 2H), 3.7 (m, 4H).

Step 4. 1,5-dibromo-3-methoxypentane

To a solution of 3-methoxypentane-1,5-diol (1 g, 7.46 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added PPh₃ (5.77 g, 22.05 mmol) and CBr₄ (4.87 g, 14.7 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2 h. The mixture was filtrated and the filtrate was concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by column chromatography to give 1,5-dibromo-3-methoxypentane (1.2 g, 62%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 2.0 (m, 4H), 3.3 (m, 3H), 3.37 (m, 4H), 3.5 (m, 1H), 3.7 (m, 4H).

Step 5. 6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one

A mixture of 6-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (1.037 g, 4.94 mmol) and 1,5-dibromo-3-methoxypentane (1.2 g, 4.94 mmol) in THF (16 mL) was added NaH (237.12 mg, 60%, 9.88 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was refluxes for 3 h. The mixture was quenched with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by column chromatography to give 6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (60 mg, 4%).

Step 6. 3-(4-methoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile

To a solution of 6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (40 mg, 0.130 mmol) and 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (30.5 mg, 0.208 mmol) in Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.247 mL) and 1,4-dioxane (1.2 mL) under N₂ was added Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (7.5 mg). The mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 6 minutes. After cooled to room temperature, the organic layer was dried and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by TLC to give 3-(4-methoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (20 mg, 46%).

Step 7. (E)-N-(5′-(3-cyanophenyl)-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of 3-(4-methoxy-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (30 mg, 0.09 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (3 mL) was added TiCl₄ (0.2 mL). It was stirred in microwave at 50° C. for 5 minutes. Then bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (0.2 mL, 0.146 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred in microwave at 60° C. for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water, extracted with DCM. The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give (E)-N-(5′-(3-cyanophenyl)-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide (30 mg, crude).

Step 8. Preparation of Compound 25

To a solution of methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (7 mg, 0.085 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (1 mL) was added NaOMe (25% in MeOH (Wt %), 0.017 mL), followed by (E)-N-(5′-(3-cyanophenyl)-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide (30 mg, 0.085 mmol). After stirred for 15 minutes, the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was redissolved in DCM (5 mL). The mixture was filtered, and the solvent was removed to give the residue, which was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 25 (2.35 mg, 7%). ¹H-NMR (MeOD): 1.37 (m, 4H), 1.77 (m, 3H), 2.09 (m, 2H), 3.03 (m, 1H), 3.23 (m, 1H), 3.32 (m, 3H), 3.45 (m, 3H), 7.45 (m, 1H), 7.75 (m, 4H), 8.0 (m, 2H).

Example 18 Preparation of Compound 46

Experimental Data:

Step 1. 2-(2-carboxyethyl)benzoic acid

A mixture of 2-(2-carboxyvinyl)benzoic acid (5 g, 26 mmol) in MeOH (45 mL) was bubbled with H₂ (10 psi) at room temperature overnight. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give 2-(2-carboxyethyl)benzoic acid (5.2 g, 100%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 2.61 (m, 2H), 3.21 (m, 2H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.38 (m, 1H), 7.88 (m, 1H).

Step 2. methyl 2-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)benzoate

Concentrated H₂SO₄ (1.7 mL) was added dropped into a mixture of 2-(2-carboxyethyl)benzoic acid (5 g, 25.9 mmol) in MeOH (21 mL) under ice-cooling. The mixture was refluxed overnight. The mixture was concentrated and EtOAc was added. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to give methyl 2-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)benzoate (5.75 g, 100%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 2.67 (m, 2H), 3.28 (m, 2H), 3.57 (s, 3H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 7.27 (m, 2H), 7.44 (m, 1H), 7.92 (m, 1H).

Step 3. 3-(2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol

To a stirred solution of LAH (1.89 g, 49.77 mmol) in Et₂O (40 mL) under N₂ was cooled to 0° C. and was added AlCl₃ (1.6 g, 11.8 mmol). The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 30 minutes. A mixture of methyl 2-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)benzoate (2 g, 9 mmol) in Et₂O was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred overnight. Aqueous NaOH (1 N, 12 mL) was added at 0° C. The mixture was filtered and the cake was washed with EtOAc 3 times. The filtrate was dried and concentrated to give 3-(2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol (1.46 g, 98%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 1.85 (m, 2H), 2.77 (m, 2H), 3.52 (m, 2H), 4.62 (s, 2H), 7.23 (m, 2H), 7.27 (m, 2H).

Step 4. 1-(bromomethyl)-2-(3-bromopropyl)benzene

To a solution of 3-(2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol (1.46 g, 8.85 mmol) in DCM (40 mL) was added PPh₃ (6.95 g, 26.5 mmol) and CBr₄ (5.86 g, 17.7 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by column chromatography to give 1-(bromomethyl)-2-(3-bromopropyl)benzene (2.27 g, 88%).

Step 5. 6′-bromo-5,7,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one

A mixture of 6-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (1.2 g, 5.71 mmol) and 1-(bromomethyl)-2-(3-bromopropyl)benzene (1.66 g, 5.71 mmol) in THF (40 mL) was added NaH (457 mg, 60%, 11.42 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was refluxes for 2 h. The mixture was quenched with water and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by column chromatography to give 6′-bromo-5,7,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (420 mg, 22%).

Step 6. 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,7,8,9-hexahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-6,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile

To a solution of 6′-bromo-5,7,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (200 mg, 0.59 mmol) and 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (130 mg, 0.885 mmol) in Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 1 mL) and 1,4-dioxane (4.2 mL) under N₂ was added Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (20 mg). The mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 0.7 h. After cooled to room temperature, the organic layer was dried and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by TLC to give 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,7,8,9-hexahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-6,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (120 mg, 56%).

Step 7. N-(5′-(3-cyanophenyl)-5,7,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-6,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,7,8,9-hexahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-6,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (31 mg, 0.086 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) was added TiCl₄ (66 mg). It was stirred in microwave at 50° C. for 5 minutes. Then bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (112 mg, 0.6 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred in microwave at 60° C. for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water, extracted with DCM. The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give N-(5′-(3-cyanophenyl)-5,7,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-6,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide (50 mg, crude).

Step 8. Preparation of Compound 46

To a solution of methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (13 mg, 0.13 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (2 mL) was added NaOMe (25% in MeOH (Wt. %), 5 drops), followed by N-(5′-(3-cyanophenyl)-5,7,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-6,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide (50 mg, 0.13 mmol). After stirred for 10 minutes, the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was redissolved in DCM (5 mL). The mixture was filtered, and the solvent was removed to give the residue, which was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 46 (2.38 mg, 4%). ¹H-NMR (MeOD): 1.41 (m, 1H), 1.72-2.23 (m, 3H), 2.46 (m, 2H), 2.81 (m, 3H), 3.08 (m, 1H), 3.32 (m, 3H), 6.62 (m, 1H), 7.02 (m, 3H), 7.21 (m, 1H), 7.62 (m, 4H), 7.92 (m, 2H).

Example 19 Preparation of Compound 48

Experimental Data:

Step 1. 2-allyl-3,4-difluorobenzoic acid

To a solution of TMEDA (32.2 g, 0.278 mol) in dry THF (150 mL) was added s-BuLi (1.3 M, 0.278 mol, 214 mL) at −78° C. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 0.5 hour, and then a solution of 3,4-difluorobenzoic acid (20 g, 0.127 mol) in THF (100 mL) was added dropwise. After stirring for 1 hour, CuBr.DMS (3.9 g, 0.019 mol, 15% mol) was added, followed by 3-bromoprop-1-ene (46 g, 0.38 mol) in 50 mL of THF. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and was quenched with water. The aqueous layer was washed with Et₂O, and acidified with 4 N HCl. The mixture was extracted with Et₂O. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give 2-allyl-3,4-difluorobenzoic acid (22 g, 55%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 3.91 (d, 2H), 5.06 (m, 2H), 6.01 (m, 1H), 7.12 (m, 1H), 7.90 (m, 1H).

Step 2. 3,4-difluoro-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzoic acid

A steam of O₃ was bubbled through a solution of 2-allyl-3,4-difluorobenzoic acid (13 g, 0.065 mol) in absolute CH₂Cl₂ (200 mL) at −78° C. until the mixture was turned blue. Then NaBH₄ (7.25 g, 0.196 mol) in was added to the above mixture, and the final mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solution was concentrated. Water was added at 0° C., and the mixture was acidified by adding 6 N HCl, and was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give 3,4-difluoro-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzoic acid (8.2 g, crude).

Step 3. 2-(2,3-difluoro-6-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethanol

To a solution of LiAlH₄ (2.45 g, 0.065 mol) in THF (30 mL) was added 3,4-difluoro-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzoic acid (8.7 g, 0.043 mol) in THF (60 mL) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched with 3 mL of H₂O, followed by aqueous NaOH solution (3 mL, 10%). The solution was filtered and the filtrated was concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by chromatography to give 2-(2,3-difluoro-6-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethanol (2.5 g, 31%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 2.99 (m, 2H), 3.58 (s, 2H), 3.83 (t, 2H), 4.52 (s, 2H), 7.03 (m, 2H).

Step 4. 2-(2-bromoethyl)-1-(bromomethyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene

To a solution of 2-(2,3-difluoro-6-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethanol (2.5 g, 13.3 mmol) and CBr₄ (10.9 g, 33 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) was added PPh₃ (8.65 g, 33 mmol) at 0° C. in portions. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solution was concentrated. The residue was re-dissolved in Et₂O and filtered. The filtrated was concentrated to give the crude product, which was purified by chromatography to afford 2-(2-bromoethyl)-1-(bromomethyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene (3.2 g, 77%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 3.37 (t, 2H), 3.63 (t, 2H), 4.53 (s, 2H), 7.11 (m, 2H).

Step 5 6-bromo-5′,6′-difluoro-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalen]-1(3H)-one

To a solution of 2-(2-bromoethyl)-1-(bromomethyl)-3,4-difluorobenzene (3 g, 9.62 mmol) and 6-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (2.03 mg, 9.62 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added NaH (0.58 mg, 14.43 mmol), and the mixture was refluxed for 2 hour. The reaction was cooled and quenched with ice-water. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC to afford 6-bromo-5′,6′-difluoro-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalen]-1(3H)-one (1.6 g, 46%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 1.68 (m, 1H), 2.01 (m, 1H), 2.47 (d, 1H), 2.72 (m, 2H), 2.89 (d, 1H), 3.07 (m, 2H), 6.71 (m, 1H), 6.86 (m, 1H), 7.22 (d, 1H), 7.63 (d, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H).

Step 6. (Z)—N-(5-bromo-5′,6′-difluoro-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of 6-bromo-5′,6′-difluoro-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalen]-1(3H)-one (150 mg, 0.41 mmol) in dried CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) was added TiCl₄ (1 M solution in DCM, 0.1.24 mmol) dropwise within 15 minutes, and stirred for 1 h. Then to this mixture was added bis-trimethlysilylcarbodiimide (234 mg, 1.24 mmol) dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water, extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give (Z)—N-(5-bromo-5′,6′-difluoro-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide (180 mg, crude), which was used for the next step without further purification.

Step 7. Compound 48a

To a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (39 mg, 0.47 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (5 mL) was added NaOMe (25 wt % in MeOH, 91 mg, 0.42 mmol), followed by (Z)—N-(5-bromo-5′,6′-difluoro-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide (180 mg, 0.47 mmol). After stirring for 5 minutes, the solvent was removed in vacuum. The residue was re-dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC to afford the compound 48a (50 mg, 24%). ¹H NMR (MeOD): 1.72 (m, 1H), 2.09 (m, 1H), 2.32 (d, 1H), 2.53 (m, 1H), 2.69 (m, 2H), 2.97 (m, 2H), 3.06 (d, 3H), 6.76 (m, 1H), 6.88 (m, 1H), 6.98 (m, 1H), 7.37 (d, 1H), 7.43 (m, 1H).

Step 8. Compound 48

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (10 mg) in a 10 mL of flask under N₂ was treated sequentially with the compound 48a (50 mg, 0.146 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.2 mL) and 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (43 mg, 0.29 mmol). The mixture was heated under 110° C. at N₂ under microwave for 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC and HPLC to give compound 48 (6.73 mg, 10%). ¹H NMR (MeOD): 1.48 (m, 1H), 2.03 (m, 1H), 2.51 (d, 1H), 2.77 (m, 2H), 2.93-3.13 (m, 3H), 3.37 (m, 3H), 6.88 (m, 1H), 7.03 (m, 1H), 7.39 (m, 1H), 7.62-7.83 (m, 4H), 7.97 (m, 2H).

Example 20 Preparation of Compound 22

Experimental Data:

Step 1. 2,2′-(1,2-phenylene)diethanol

To a solution of 2,2′-(1,2-phenylene)diacetic acid (10 g, 51.5 mmol) in THF (100 mL) was added to LAH in THF (90 mL) dropwise, the mixture was refluxed for 18 hours. The mixture was cooled in ice bath and carefully added water (8 mL) dropwise, followed by 1 N NaOH (8 mL), then removed the ice bath added water slowly with stirring until the gray precipitate turns white. The mixture was filtrated and the filtrate was concentrated to give crude 2,2′-(1,2-phenylene)diethanol (8 g, 94%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 2.02 (s, 3H), 2.97 (m, 4H), 3.83 (m, 2H), 4.12 (m, 1H), 4.24 (t, 1H), 7.19 (m, 4H).

Step 2. 1,2-bis(2-bromoethyl)benzene

To a solution of 2,2′-(1,2-phenylene)diethanol (5 g, 30.1 mmol), perbromo methane (24.7 g, 75.3 mmol) in DCM (200 mL) was added triphenylphosphine (19.73 g, 75.3 mmol) at 0° C., the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The mixture was concentrated, redissolved by Et₂O, filtered, the organic layer was concentrated to give crude product, which was purified by column chromatography to give 1,2-bis(2-bromoethyl)-benzene (2.3 g, 26%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 3.12 (t, 4H), 3.47 (t, 4H), 7.16 (m, 4H).

Step 3. 6′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one

A mixture of 6-bromo-indan-1-one (300 mg, 1.43 mmol), 1,2-bis(2-bromoethyl)-benzene (414.3 mg, 1.43 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added NaH (114 mg, 2.86 mmol) at room temperature, the mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. The mixture was quenched with water, concentrated, then extracted with DCM, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated to 6′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (20 mg, 5%).

Step 4. (Z)—N-(5′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of 6′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (20 mg, 0.059 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added TiCl₄ (44.7 mg, 0.235 mmol) dropwise, the mixture was stirred at 50° C. at Ar₂ under microwave for 20 minutes, N,N′-methanediylidenebis(1,1,1-trimethylsilanamine) (43.8 mg, 0.235 mmol) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. at Ar₂ under microwave for 10 minutes and repeated the same operation for one time and then poured into ice-water (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂, which was combined with the organic layer. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to give crude (Z)—N-(5′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)— ylidene)cyanamide (20 mg, 4%).

Step 5. The compound 22a

To a solution of N-methyl-hydroxylamine hydrochloride (4.59 mg, 0.055 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) was added MeONa (0.02 mL, 25% (Wt.) in MeOH), followed by (Z)—N-(5′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide (20 mg, 0.055 mmol). After stirring for 10 minutes, the solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude compound 22a (20 mg).

Step 6. Compound 22

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (10 mg) in a 10 mL of tube under Ar₂ was treated sequentially with compound 1 (20 mg, 0.049 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.3 mL) and 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (14.4 mg, 0.097 mmol). The mixture was heated under microwave at 120° C. for 25 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC and then by preparative HPLC to give pure compound 22 (1.12 mg, 5%). ¹H-NMR (MeOD): 1.53 (t, 0.7H), 1.71 (m, 1H), 1.89 (m, 1.5H), 2.16 (m, 0.6H), 2.79 (m, 2H), 3.12 (m, 3H), 3.27 (m, 3H), 3.49 (m, 1H), 3.63 (s, 1H), 7.12 (m, 4H), 7.52 (d, 0.6H), 7.71 (m, 1.5H), 7.79 (m, 2H), 7.97 (m, 1H), 8.03 (m, 1H).

Example 21 Preparation of Compound 30

Step 1: Preparation compound 30c

To a solution of LDA (5.2 mL, 9.36 mmol, 1.8 M in THF) in THF (10 mL) was added the solution of compound 30a (800 mg, 4.68 mmol) in THF (15 mL) slowly at −60° C. It was stirred at −60° C. for 30 min. To the resulting mixture the solution of compound 30b (1.38 g, 4.21 mmol) in THF (4 mL) was added slowly. The resulting mixture was stirred at −60° C. for 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to dryness to give the crude product, which was purified by chromatography to give compound 30c (750 mg, yield 38%) as yellow solid.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.74 (s, 1H), 7.58-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.43 (m, 1H), 7.11 (m, 4H), 2.99-3.13 (m, 2H), 2.97 (s, 2H), 2.66 (m, 2H), 2.04-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.61 (m, 2H).

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 30d

An 100 mL flask was charged with compound 30c (0.75 g, 1.78 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (0.0523 g, 0.23 mmol), Ph₃P (0.136 g, 0.52 mmol), DMF (28 mL) and H₂O (3.13 mL). The resulting mixture was degassed and then Et₃N (0.216 g, 2.14 mmol) was added under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was stirred at 130° C. for 4 h. Then the mixture was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water (10 mL). The solution was extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to dryness to give the crude product, which was purified by chromatography to give compound 30d (30 mg, yield 8%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.74 (s, 1H), 7.58-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (m, 4H), 3.16 (s, 2H), 3.04-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.89 (br s, 2H), 1.91-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.69-1.63 (m, 2H).

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 30e

To a solution of compound 30d (30 mg, 0.102 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) was added TiCl₄ (0.408 mL, 0.408 mmol). It was stirred at 50° C. for 6 min in microwave. To the resulting mixture bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (0.05 mL, 0.224 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 12 min in microwave. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water (10 mL). The solution was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to dryness to give compound 30e (30 mg, 93% crude yield) as yellow solid, which was used directly for the next step without purification.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 30

To a solution of methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (7.9 mg, 0.094 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (2 mL) was added a solution of NaOMe (10 wt %, 0.048 mL, 0.0846 mmol) in methanol followed by compound 30e (30 mg, 0.094 mmol). After being stirred for 20 min, the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL). The mixture was filtered, and the solvent was removed under reduce pressure to give the residue, which was purified by HPLC to give compound 30 (4.9 mg, yield 14%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.017 min and 1.078 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 368[M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.63-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.51 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.14 (m, 4H) 3.32 (s, 3H), 2.97-3.12 (m, 3H), 2.77-2.84 (s, 2H), 2.05 (m, 1H), 1.83-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.55-1.69 (m, 2H).

Example 22 Preparation of Compound 61

Experimental Data:

Step 1. (8-hydroxymethyl-naphthalen-1-yl)-methanol

Benzo[de]isochromene-1,3-dione (30 g, 0.15 mol) in anhydrous THF (300 mL) was added dropwise to a solution of LAH (10 g, 0.38 mol) in anhydrous THF (200 mL). The result reaction mixture was refluxed for 3 h, then allowed to cool and stand overnight at room temperature. Water and 10% aq. NaOH was added dropwise, filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuum to give the crude product, which was used directly without purification (1.15 g, crude). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 5.06 (m, 4H), 5.23 (m, 2H), 7.42 (m, 2H), 7.60 (m, 2H), 7.82 (m, 2H).

Step 2. 1,8-bis-bromomethyl-naphthalene

A mixture of naphthalene-1,8-diyldimethanol (1.15 g, 6 mmol) and CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was stirred mechanically and PBr₃ (1.2 mL) added dropwise over 20 mins. During the first half of the addition the solution refluxed spontaneously. After stirring overnight at room temperature, water was added dropwise with stirring over 20 min, which again caused refluxing and evolution of much HBr. After stirring for an additional 2 h, water was added and the layers separated and the organic layer washed with water. The organic layer was evaporated in vacuum to give the crude product, which was used directly without purification (1.6 g, 84%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 5.30 (s, 4H), 7.44 (m, 2H), 7.62 (m, 2H), 7.87 (m, 2H).

Step 3. 6-bromo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[indene-2,2′-phenalen]-1(3H)-one

A mixture of 6-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (400 mg, 1.9 mmol) and 1,8-bis(bromomethyl)naphthalene (596 mg, 1.9 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added NaH (152 mg, 3.8 mmol) at room temperature, the mixture was heated under reflux for 2 h. The mixture was quenched with water, concentrated, then extracted with CH₂Cl₂, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give 6-bromo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[indene-2,2′-phenalen]-1(3H)-one (386 mg, 56%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 2.79 (d, 2H), 3.50 (d, 2H), 7.12 (m, 1H), 7.18 (m, 2H), 7.36 (m, 2H), 7.60 (m, 1H), 7.71 (m, 1H), 7.92 (m, 1H).

Step 4. 3-(1-oxo-1,1′,3,3′-tetrahydrospiro[indene-2,2′-phenalene]-6-yl)benzonitrile

6-Bromo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[indene-2,2′-phenalen]-1(3H)-one (200 mg, 0.57 mmol) and 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (168 mg, 1.17 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (5 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (0.6 mL, 2 M) was added. Then Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (10 mg) was added under N₂. The mixture was heated at 100° C. for 10 minutes under microwave. The solvent was removed in vacuum. The crude product was purified by preparative TLC to give 3-(1-oxo-1,1′,3,3′-tetrahydrospiro[indene-2,2′-phenalene]-6-yl)benzonitrile (130 mg, 60%).

Step 5. (E)-N-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[indene-2,2′-phenalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of 3-(1-oxo-1,1′,3,3′-tetrahydrospiro[indene-2,2′-phenalene]-6-yl)benzonitrile (130 mg, 0.34 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was TiCl₄ (257 mg, 1.35 mmol), then the mixture was heated at 50° C. for 5 minutes under microwave. Then the reagent was added, and it was heated at 60° C. for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water, and then extracted with DCM. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and concentrated to give the crude product. The crude product was used directly without purification (70 mg, crude).

Step 6. Compound 61

To a solution of MeNHOH.HCl in anhydrous MeOH was added NaOMe (25% in MeOH) followed by (E)-N-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[indene-2,2′-phenalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide (35 mg, 0.085 mmol). After stirring for 10 minutes, the solvent was removed in vacuum. The residue was dissolved in DCM. The mixture was filtered and the solvent was removed in vacuum. The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 61 (1.02 mg, 3%). ¹H-NMR (MeOD): 2.76 (m, 1H), 2.97 (m, 1H), 3.06 (s, 2H), 3.28 (m, 3H), 3.41 (m, 1H), 3.58 (m, 1H), 7.18 (m, 1H), 7.26 (m, 1H), 7.36 (m, 2H), 7.58 (m, 1H), 7.68 (m, 2H), 7.72 (m, 1H), 7.81 (m, 1H), 7.90 (m, 1H), 7.98 (m, 1H)

Example 23 Preparation of Compound 40

Experimental Data:

Step 1. 1,2-phenylenedimethanol

A solution of phthalic acid (9 g, 0.05 mol) in anhydrous THF (200 mL) was added to LAH (7.6 g, 0.2 mol) in THF (250 mL) dropwise, and the mixture was refluxed for 18 hours. The mixture was cooled in ice bath and carefully added water dropwise, followed by 50% NaOH (150 mL), and then removed the ice bath added water slowly with stirring until the gray precipitate turns white. The mixture was filtrated and the filtrate was concentrated to give crude 1,2-phenylenedimethanol (7 g, 92%).

Step 2. 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)benzene

To a solution of 1,2-phenylenedimethanol (2.6 g, 17 mmol), perbromo methane (13.7 g, 41.8 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) was added triphenylphosphine (10.95 g, 41.8 mmol) at 0° C., the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. The mixture was concentrated, redissolved by Et₂O, filtered, the organic layer was concentrated to give crude 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)benzene (4.2 g, 89%).

Step 3. 6-bromo-1′,3′-dihydro-2,2′-spirobi[inden]-1(3H)-one

A mixture of 6-bromo-indan-1-one (1.05 g, 5 mmol), 1,2-bis(bromomethyl)benzene (1.31 g, 5 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added NaH (240 mg, 10 mmol) at room temperature, the mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. The mixture was quenched with water, concentrated, then extracted with DCM, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated to 6-bromo-1′,3′-dihydro-2,2′-spirobi[inden]-1(3H)-one (1.8 g, 33%).

Step 4. 3-(1-oxo-1,1′,3,3′-tetrahydro-2,2′-spirobi[indene]-6-yl)benzonitrile

6-Bromo-1′,3′-dihydro-2,2′-spirobi[inden]-1(3H)-one (314 mg, 1 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (294 g, 2 mmol) in [1,4]-dioxane (12 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 3.2 mL), then Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg, 0.01 mmol) was added under Ar₂, the mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 5 minutes under microwave. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by TLC to give 3-(1-oxo-1,1′,3,3′-tetrahydro-2,2′-spirobi[indene]-6-yl)benzonitrile (34 mg, 10%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): 3.00 (d, 2H), 3.33 (s, 2H), 3.62 (d, 2H), 7.31 (m, 3H), 7.67 (m, 2H), 7.78 (m, 1H), 7.96 (m, 2H), 8.02 (m, 1H), 8.11 (m, 1H).

Step 5. (Z)—N-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-1′,3′-dihydro-2,2′-spirobi[indene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of 3-(1-oxo-1,1′,3,3′-tetrahydro-2,2′-spirobi[indene]-6-yl)benzonitrile (34 mg, 0.1 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added TiCl₄ (76 mg, 0.4 mmol) dropwise, the mixture was stirred at 50° C. at Ar₂ under microwave for 5 minutes, N,N′-methanediylidenebis(1,1,1-trimethylsilanamine) (74 mg, 0.4 mmol) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. at Ar₂ under microwave for 10 minutes and poured into ice-water (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂, which was combined with the organic layer. The organic layer was dried and concentrated to give crude ((Z)—N-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-1′,3′-dihydro-2,2′-spirobi[indene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide (36 mg, 99%).

Step 10. Compound 40

To a solution of N-methyl-hydroxylamine hydrochloride (11 mg, 0.134 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added MeONa (0.026 mL, 25% (Wt.) in MeOH), followed by (Z)—N-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide (50 mg, 0.13 mmol). After stirred for 10 minutes, the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC, and then HPLC to give compound 40 (2.19 mg, 5%). ¹H-NMR (MeOD): 2.79 (m, 1H), 2.91 (m, 1H), 3.02-3.19 (m, 3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.48 (m, 1H), 7.17 (m, 4H), 7.45 (m, 1H), 7.63 (m, 1H), 7.75 (m, 3H), 8.02 (m, 2H).

Example 24 Preparation of Compound 54

Experimental Data:

Preparation of Compound 54a

To a solution of TMEDA (25.5 g, 0.22 mol) in dry THF (150 mL) was added s-BuLi (1.3 M, 0.22 mol, 169 mL) at −78° C. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 0.5 hour, and a solution of 3-fluorobenzoic acid (14 g, 0.1 mol) in THF (50 mL) was added dropwise. After being stirred for 1 hour, CuBr/DMS (3.09 g, 0.015 mol, 15% mol) was added, followed by addition of 3-bromoprop-1-ene (36 g, 0.3 mol) in 50 mL of THF. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature, and quenched with water. The aqueous layer was washed with Et₂O, and acidified with 4 N HCl. The mixture was extracted with Et₂O. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to give compound 54a (14.2 g, 79%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.87 (d, 1H), 7.35 (m, 2H), 6.03 (m, 1H), 5.06 (d, 1H), 5.03 (s, 1H), 3.87 (d, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 54b

A steam of O₃ was bubbled through a solution of 2-allyl-3-fluorobenzoic acid (8.0 g, 0.044 mol) in absolute methanol (50 mL) at −78° C. until the mixture was turned to blue. The ozonide solution was added dropwise to an ice-cold solution of NaOH (0.066 mol, 2.64 g) and NaBH₄ (0.22 mol, 8.2 g) in 50% aqueous ethanol (50 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and concentrated. Water was added at 0° C., and the mixture was acidified by adding 6 N HCl, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to give the compound 54b (6 g, crude).

Preparation of Compound 54c

To a solution of LiAlH₄ (2.76 g, 0.072 mol) in THF (50 mL) was added 3-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-benzoic acid (6 g, 0.036 mol) in THF (30 mL) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, quenched with 3 mL of H₂O, followed by addition of 3 mL of 10% aqueous NaOH solution. The solution was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated, the residue was purified by chromatography to give the compound 54c (2.5 g, 41%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.24 (m, 1H), 7.13 (m, 1H), 7.03 (m, 1H), 4.59 (s, 2H), 3.86 (t, 2H), 3.02 (m, 4H).

Preparation of Compound 54d

To a solution of 2-(2-fluoro-6-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethanol (3 g, 17.5 mmol) and CBr₄ (14.4 g, 43.9 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added PPh₃ (11.5 g, 43.9 mmol) at 0° C. in portions. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in Et₂O and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give the crude product, which was purified by chromatography to afford the compound 54d (2.5 g, 48%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.23 (m, 1H), 7.17 (m, 1H), 7.04 (m, 1H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 3.62 (t, 2H), 3.33 (t, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 54e

To a solution of 2-(2-bromoethyl)-1-(bromomethyl)-3-fluorobenzene (500 mg, 1.69 mmol) and 6-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (356 mg, 1.69 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added NaH (102 mg, 2.54 mmol), and the mixture was refluxed for 2 hour. The reaction was cooled, and quenched with ice-water. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated, the residue was purified by preparative TLC to afford the compound 54e (210 mg, 36%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.79 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, 1H), 7.24 (m, 1H), 7.03 (m, 1H), 6.79 (m, 2H), 2.95-3.13 (m, 3H), 2.76 (m, 2H), 2.49 (d, 1H), 2.02 (m, 1H), 1.71 (m, 1H).

Preparation of Compound 54f

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (10 mg) in a 10 mL of flask under N₂ was treated sequentially with a solution 6-bromo-5′-fluoro-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalen]-1(3H)-one (100 mg, 0.29 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.3 mL), and 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (64 mg, 0.43 mmol). The mixture was heated at 100° C. under N₂ in microwave for 10 minutes, concentrated in vacuo, and purified by preparative TLC to give the compound 54f (100 mg, 94%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.94 (s, 1H), 7.82 (m, 1H), 7.77 (m, 2H), 7.63 (m, 1H), 7.51 (m, 2H), 7.04 (m, 1H), 6.82 (m, 2H), 3.11 (m, 3H), 2.88 (d, 1H), 2.76 (m, 1H), 2.52 (d, 1H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.73 (m, 1H).

Preparation of Compound 54g

To a solution of 3-(5′-fluoro-1-oxo-1,3,3′,4′-tetrahydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-6-yl)benzonitrile (100 mg, 0.29 mmol) in dried CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) was added TiCl₄ (1 M solution in DCM, 0.817 mmol) dropwise within 15 minutes. This mixture was heated at 50° C. under N₂ in microwave for 10 minutes, added bis-trimethlysilylcarbodiimide (206 mg, 1.09 mmol) dropwise, heated at 60° C. under N₂ in microwave for another 10 minutes, poured into ice-water, and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to give the compound 54g (105 mg, crude), which was used for the next step without further purification.

Preparation of Compound 54

To a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (22.5 mg, 0.269 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (5 mL) was added NaOMe (25 wt % in MeOH, 53 mg, 0.242 mmol) and (Z)—N-(5-(3-cyanophenyl)-5′-fluoro-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide (105 mg, 0.269 mmol). After being stirred for 20 minutes, the solvent was removed in vacuum, and the residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂. After filteration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC and preparative HPLC to afford compound 54 (25 mg, 21%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD): δ7.92-8.01 (m, 2H), 7.62-7.83 (m, 4H), 7.39 (m, 1H), 7.14 (m, 1H), 6.88 (m, 2H), 3.38 (d, 3H), 3.28 (m, 1H), 3.02 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.84 (m, 3H), 1.89-2.23 (m, 2H); ESI MS: m/z 439 [M+H]⁺.

Example 25 Preparation of Compound 43

Experimental Data:

Preparation of Compound 43a

To a solution of TMEDA (33 mL, 0.22 mol) in dry THF (150 mL) was added s-BuLi (1.3 M, 0.22 mol, 169 mL) at −78° C. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 0.5 hour, and a solution of 4-fluorobenzoic acid (14 g, 0.1 mol) in THF (50 mL) was added dropwise. After being stirred for 1 hour, CuBr.DMS (3.09 g, 0.015 mol, 15% mol) was added, followed addition of 3-bromoprop-1-ene (36 g, 0.3 mol) in 50 mL of THF. The reaction mixture was warmed to room temperature, and quenched with water. The aqueous layer was washed with Et₂O, acidified with 4 N HCl, and extracted with Et₂O. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to give the mixture of compound 43a and compound 43aA (10 g, 55%).

Preparation of Compound 43b

A steam of O₃ was bubbled through a solution of 2-allyl-4-fluoro-benzoic acid (5.0 g, 27.6 mmol) in absolute methanol (30 mL) at −78° C. until the mixture was turned to blue. NaBH₄ (3 g, 82.9 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solution was concentrated, water was added at 0° C., and the mixture was acidified by adding 6 N HCl. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc, and the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to give the mixture of compounds 43b and 43bA (3.8 g, crude).

Preparation of Compound 43c

To a solution of LiAlH₄ (1.2 g, 31 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added 4-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-benzoic acid (3.8 g, 20.7 mmol) in THF (30 mL) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, quenched with 1.2 mL of H₂O, followed by addition of 1.2 mL of 10% aqueous NaOH solution. The solution was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated, the residue was purified by chromatography to give the mixture of compounds 43c and 43cA (1.1 g, 31%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.21 (m, 0.5H), 7.12 (m, 1H), 6.94 (m, 0.5H), 6.84 (m, 2H), 4.53 (m, 1H), 4.51 (m, 2H), 3.77 (m, 2H), 3.75 (m, 1H), 2.87 (m, 2H), 2.81 (m, 1H).

Preparation of Compound 43d

To a solution of 2-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxymethyl-phenyl)-ethanol (1.1 g, 6.5 mmol) and CBr₄ (5.3 g, 16.2 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) was added PPh₃ (4.2 g, 16.2 mmol) at 0° C. in portions. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in Et₂O, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give the crude product, which was purified by chromatography to afford the mixture of compounds 43d and 43dA (2.5 g, 48%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.36 (m, 1H), 7.26 (m, 1H), 7.04 (m, 0.5H), 6.98 (m, 2H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 4.46 (s, 1H), 3.66 (t, 2H), 3.58 (t, 1H), 3.29 (t, 2H), 3.20 (t, 1H).

Preparation of Compound 43e

To a solution of 2-(2-bromo-ethyl)-1-bromomethyl-4-fluoro-benzene (500 mg, 1.7 mmol) and 6-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (360 mg, 1.7 mmol) in THF (60 mL) was added NaH (102 mg, 2.6 mmol), and the mixture was refluxed for 1.5 hour. The reaction was cooled, quenched with ice-water, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated, the residue was purified by preparative TLC to afford the compound 43e (280 mg, 47%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.89 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, 1H), 7.23 (m, 1H), 6.95 (m, 1H), 6.76 (m, 2H), 3.04 (m, 2H), 2.90 (m, 3H), 2.77 (m, 1H), 2.42 (m, 1H), 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.64 (m, 1H).

Preparation of Compound 43f

To a solution of 6-bromo-6′-fluoro-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalen]-1(3H)-one (100 mg, 0.29 mmol) in dried CH₂Cl₂ (3 mL) was added TiCl₄ (0.87 mL, 1 M solution in DCM, 0.87 mmol) dropwise within 15 minutes at room temperature. After the mixture was stirred for another 1 h, bis-trimehtlysilylcarbodiimide (220 mg, 1.16 mmol) was added dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight, poured into ice-water, and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to give the compound 43f (170 mg, crude), which was used for the next step without further purification.

Preparation of Compound 43g

To a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (19.5 mg, 0.23 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (5 mL) was added NaOMe (25 wt % in MeOH, 45 μL, 0.21 mmol) and (E)-N-(5-bromo-6′-fluoro-3′,4′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-3(1H)-ylidene)cyanamide (85 mg, 0.23 mmol). After being stirred for 10 minutes, the solvent was removed in vacuum. The residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂. After filteration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC and preparative HPLC to afford the compound 43g (30 mg, 32%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD): δ7.92-8.01 (m, 2H), 7.62-7.83 (m, 4H), 7.39 (m, 1H), 7.14 (m, 1H), 6.88 (m, 2H), 3.38 (d, 3H), 3.28 (m, 1H), 3.02 (m, 2H), 2.48-2.84 (m, 3H), 1.89-2.23 (m, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 43

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (10 mg) in a 10 mL of flask under N₂ was treated sequentially with the solution of compound 43g (30 mg, 0.07 mmol) in dioxane (1 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.09 mL), and 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (18 mg, 0.12 mmol). The mixture was heated at 100° C. under N₂ in microwave for 10 minutes, concentrated, and purified by preparative TLC to give compound 43 (4.69 mg, 15%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.94 (m, 2H), 7.62-7.81 (m, 4H), 7.41 (m, 1H), 7.04 (m, 1H), 6.86 (m, 2H), 3.46 (m, 3H), 3.08 (m, 1H), 3.01 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.81 (m, 2H), 2.45 (m, 0.5H), 2.12 (m, 0.5H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.84 (m, 1H); ESI MS: m/z 439 [M+H]⁺.

Example 26 Preparation of Compound 33

Experimental Data:

Preparation of Compound 33a

To a solution of AlCl₃ (195 g, 1.48 mol) in dichloroethane (200 mL) was added acetyl chloride (103 g, 1.56 mol) and 1,2-difluoro-4-methylbenzene (100 g, 0.78 mol) dropwise in cooling ice bath. After the completion of the addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hours, added to ice water, extracted with DCM, washed with aqueous 5% HCl and saturated NaHCO₃ aqueous solution, dried with Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to give the crude compound 33a (80 g, crude). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD): δ7.50 (m, 1H), 6.91 (m, 1H), 2.51 (s, 3H), 2.48 (s, 3H).

Preparation of Compound 33b

To a solution of 1-(4,5-difluoro-2-methylphenyl)ethanone (44 g, 256 mmol) in dioxane (500 mL) was added NaOCl (63%, 7.3 mmol) at 5° C., and the mixture was stirred in iced water bath for 2 hours. Na₂SO₃ was added, and the reaction mixture was extracted with DCM, washed with 20% HCl, dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The organic layer was concentrated to give the crude compound 33b (40 g, 90%). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD): δ7.86 (m, 1H), 7.08 (m, 1H), 2.56 (s, 3H), 2.11 (s, 3H).

Preparation of Compound 33c

To a solution of 4,5-difluoro-2-methylbenzoic acid (10 g, 0.1 mol) in MeOH (30 mL) was added H₂SO₄ (5 mL) dropwise at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was acidified to PH=8 with NaHCO₃, and the residue was extracted with EA. The organic layer was washed brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to give the compound 33c (8.9 g, 82%).

Preparation of Compound 33d

The mixture of methyl 4,5-difluoro-2-methylbenzoate (8.9 g, 48 mmol), NBS (9.35 g, 52.8 mmol) and AIBN (790 mg, 4.8 mmol) in CCl₄ (100 mL) was stirred at 80° C. for overnight, and filtrated. The filtrate was extracted with CHCl₃, washed with aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to give the compound 33d (12.8 g, crude). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD): δ7.84 (m, 1H), 7.32 (m, 1H), 4.91 (s, 2H), 3.95 (s, 3H).

Preparation of Compound 33e

To a solution of methyl 2-(bromomethyl)-4,5-difluorobenzoate (12.8 g, 48 mmol) in MeOH (100 mL) was added NaCN (4.2 N, 11.4 mL) dropwise, and the mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 2 hours. After concentration, the residue was dissolved in EA. The solution was washed with H₂O and brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to give the compound 33e (5 g, 50%). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD): δ7.95 (m, 1H), 7.48 (m, 1H), 4.21 (s, 2H), 3.91 (s, 3H).

Preparation of Compound 33f

A mixture of methyl 2-(cyanomethyl)-4,5-difluorobenzoate (5 g, 24 mmol) in H₂SO₄ (50 mL) was stirred at 100° C. under N₂ overnight, cooled to 65° C., added MeOH (50 mL), and stirred for 4 hours. The mixture was cooled, acidified to PH 7-8 with NaHCO₃, extracted with EA, washed brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to give the compound 33f (5 g, 87%).

Preparation of Compound 33g

To a solution of 2-(carboxymethyl)-4,5-difluorobenzoic acid (5 g, 20 mmol) in ether (250 mL) was added LAH (3.04 g, 82 mmol), and the mixture was refluxed overnight. The mixture was cooled in ice bath, added water (3 mL) carefully, and followed by addition of 2N NaOH (3 mL). The mixture was filtrated, and the filtrate was concentrated to give the crude compound 33g (3.5 g, 90%).

Preparation of Compound 33h

To a solution of 2-(4,5-difluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl)ethanol (3.5 g, 18.5 mmol) and tetrabromomethane (15 g, 46.3 mmol) in DCM (100 mL) was added triphenylphosphine (12 g, 46.3 mmol) at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 18 hours. After concentration, the residue was dissolved in Et₂O, the organic layer was concentrated to give the crude compound 33h (2.3 g, 40%). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD): δ7.19 (m, 1H), 7.05 (m, 1H), 4.46 (s, 2H), 3.62 (t, 2H), 3.21 (t, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 33i

A mixture of 6-bromo-indan-1-one (1.6 g, 7.4 mmol), 1-(2-bromoethyl)-2-(bromomethyl)-4,5-difluorobenzene (2.3 g, 7.4 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added NaH (360 mg, 15 mmol) at room temperature, and the mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. The mixture was quenched with water, concentrated, extracted with DCM, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to give the compound 33i (600 mg, 22%). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD): δ7.88 (s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.30 (m, 1H), 7.21 (m, 1H), 6.87 (m, 1H), 6.75 (m, 1H), 3.03 (m, 2H), 2.85 (m, 2H), 2.38 (m, 1H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.66 (m, 1H), 1.55 (m, 1H).

Preparation of Compound 33j

To a solution of 3-(6′,7′-difluoro-1-oxo-1,3,3′,4′-tetrahydro-1′H-spiro[indene-2,2′-naphthalene]-6-yl)benzonitrile (150 mg, 0.41 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added TiCl₄ (151 mg, 0.83 mmol) dropwise. After the mixture was stirred at 50° C. under Ar₂ under microwave for 10 minutes, N,N-methanediylidenebis(1,1,1-trimethylsilanamine) (157 mg, 0.83 mmol) was added dropwise. After being stirred at 60° C. under Ar₂ in microwave for 10 minutes, the mixture was poured into ice-water (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂, the organic layer was dried and concentrated to give the crude compound 33j (100 mg, 63%).

Preparation of Compound 33k

To a solution of N-methyl-hydroxylamine hydrochloride (19 mg, 0.23 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added MeONa (0.05 mL, 25% (Wt.) in MeOH) and compound 33j (100 mg, 0.26 mmol). After being stirred for 10 minutes, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved with DCM, after filtration and concentration, the crude product was purified by preparative TLC to give the compound 33k (58 mg, 52%).

Preparation of Compound 33

The mixture of compound 33k (58 mg, 0.13 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (39 mg, 0.26 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.5 mL), Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg, 0.01 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) was refluxed under Ar₂ for 30 minutes. After concentration in vacuo, the residue was purified by TLC and HPLC to give compound 33 (2.53 mg, 4.15%). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD): δ7.98 (m, 2H), 7.63-7.82 (m, 4H), 7.40 (m, 1H), 6.89-7.12 (m, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.08 (m, 2H), 2.96 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.87 (m, 1.7H), 2.44 (m, 0.6H), 1.75-2.16 (m, 2H); ESI MS: m/z 457 [M+H]⁺.

Example 27 Preparation of Compound 4

Experimental Data:

Preparation of Compound 4a

A steel clave was charged with 6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (500 mg, 1.62 mmol), KCN (211 mg, 3.25 mol), and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (1.67 g, 12.15 mol). Formamide (25 mL) was added to fill the tube completely. The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 72 h, cooled, and poured into ice. After acidification with concentrated HCl solution, the mixture was filtrated, the solid was dissolved in ethyl acetate, and washed with water for 2 times. The combined organic phases were dried, and concentrated to give compound 4a (500 mg, 81%), which was used for the next step without purification. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ7.32 (m, 1H), 7.20 (m, 1H), 7.10 (m, 1H), 3.33 (m, 3H), 3.00 (m, 3H), 2.00 (m, 3H), 1.21-1.41 (m, 5H).

Preparation of Compound 4b

A suspension of compound 4a (450 mg, 1.19 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (481 mg, 1.19 mmol) in dry 1,4-dioxane (9 mL) was heated under 120° C. for 35 minutes in CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by column to give the compound 4b (220 mg, 47%).

Preparation of Compound 4c

To a solution of compound 4b (150 mg, 0.381 mmol) in MeOH (9 mL) was added a solution of NaOH (1.143 mL, 0.6 N). After being stirred for 5 min., MeI (0.27 mL) was added, and the reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 15 minutes in microwave. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC to give the compound 4c (50 mg, 31%).

Preparation of Compound 4d

A solution of compound 4c (70 mg, 0.166 mmol), NH₄I (60 mg, 0.415 mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (6 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEM tube in a microwave reactor for 3 h. After being cooled, the mixture was concentrated in vacuum. The residue was dissolved in DCM, filtrated, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuum to give the compound 4d (20 mg, 31%), which was used for the next step without purification. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ7.42 (m, 1H), 7.42 (m, 1H), 7.30 (m, 1H), 7.22 (m, 1H), 3.33 (m, 3H), 3.20 (m, 3H), 3.01 (m, 3H), 2.00 (m, 3H), 1.51-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.32 (m, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 4

A mixture of compound 4d (20 mg, 0.051 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (15 mg, 0.102 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.30 mL) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) under Ar₂ was stirred in microwave at 120° C. for 35 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum, the residue was purified by preparative TLC and HPLC to give compound 4 (2.81 mg, 13%). ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD): δ8.00 (m, 2H), 7.61-7.71 (m, 4H), 7.50 (m, 1H), 3.33-3.41 (m, 4H), 3.25 (m, 3H), 3.21 (m, 2H), 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.92 (m, 1H), 1.50 (m, 2H), 1.30 (m, 3H); ESI MS: m/z=415 [M+H]⁺.

Example 28 Preparation of Compound 49

Experimental Data:

Preparation of Compound 49b

To a solution of dimethyl compound 49a (240 g, 1.37 mol) in anhydrous MeOH (1000 mL) was added NaBH₄ (28 g, 0.73 mmol) 0° C. The temperature was rised to room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at this temperature for 1.5 hr. The solvent was removed in vacuo, the crude product was purified by silica gel column to give the compound 49b (150 g, 60%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ4.55-4.96 (m. 1H), 3.70-3.74 (s, 6H), 2.60-2.55 (m, 4H).

Preparation of Compound 49c

A solution of dimethyl compound 49b (20 g, 106 mmol), Ag₂O (40 g, 169 mmol) and EtI (40 g, 254 mmol) in MeCN (15 mL) was refluxed overnight. The mixture was filtered, and concentrated in vacuo, and purified by silica gel column to give the compound 49c (20.6 g, 30%).

Preparation of Compound 49d

To a solution of LAH (13.7 g, 404 mmol) in anhydrous THF (150 mL) was added dropwise a solution of dimethyl compound 49c (20.6 g, 101 mmol) in anhydrous THF (50 mL) under N₂ at 0° C. The temperature was rised to room temperature, and the mixture was stirred overnight. 2 N NaOH (100 mL) was added dropwise, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give the compound 49d (10.6 g, 71%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ3.71-3.82 (m, 4H), 3.52-3.60 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.21 (s, 1H), 1.69-1.75 (m, 4H), 1.11-1.22 (m, 3H).

Preparation of Compound 5

A solution of compound 49d (10.6 g, 71.6 mmol) in DCM (6 mL) was added SOCl₂ (34.1 g, 296.4 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was refluxed overnight, and the solvent was removed in vacuo to give the compound 49e (13 g, 100%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ3.39-3.65 (m, 6H), 1.70-1.95 (m, 4H), 1.05-1.12 (m, 3H).

Preparation of Compound 49f

A solution of compound 49e (13 g, 70.6 mmol) and NaI (42.3 g, 282.4 mmol) in acetone (130 mL) was refluxed overnight. The mixture was filtered, and concentrated to give the compound 49f (crude 28 g), which was used for the next step directly.

Preparation of Compound 49g

To a solution of 6-bromo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (3.5 g, 16.7 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added NaH (1.2 g, 50.1 mmol) at 0° C. After being stirred for 15 minutes, the mixture was added 3-ethoxy-1,5-diiodopentane (8.8 g, 16.7 mmol) 0° C., and stirred at room temperature overnight. Water (100 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (150 mL×3). The organic layer was washed by water (50 mL×3), and organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated in vacuo, and purified by silica gel column to give the compound 49g (700 mg, 10%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ7.78-7.82 (s, 1H), 7.55-7.67 (t, 1H), 7.25-7.29 (d, 1H), 3.50-3.55 (s, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.95 (s, 2H), 1.89-2.15 (m, 4H).

Preparation of Compound 49g

A mixture of compound 49g (120 mg, 0.37 mmol), 3,5-dicyanophenylboronic acid (110 mg, 0.75 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (0.5 mL) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (25 mg) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) was heated at 110° C. for 20 minutes. The separated organic layer was concentrated in vacuo and purified by prepare TLC to give the compound 49h (108 mg, 84%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ7.50-7.95 (m, 7H), 3.50-3.55 (1, H), 3.39-3.45 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.95 (s, 2H), 1.90-2.20 (m, 4H).

Preparation of Compound 49i

To a solution of compound 49h (100 mg, 0.3 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (2 mL) was added TiCl₄ (0.6 mL, 1 mol/L) dropwise in 15 minutes at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 1 h, added N,N′-methanediylidenebis(1,1,1-trimethylsilanamine) (123 mg, 0.6 mmol), and stirred at room temperature for another 18 hr. Ethyl acetate (2 mL) was added, and the mixture was filtered and purified by prep TLC to give the crude compound 49i (90 mg, 84%).

Preparation of Compound 49

To a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (19 mg 0.23 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (1 ml) was added NaOMe (0.21 mmol) and compound 9 (84 mg, 0.23 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 minutes and purified by preparative TLC and HPLC to give compound 49 (2.52 mg, 3%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD): δ7.91-8.15 (m, 2H), 7.62-7.80 (m, 4H), 7.42-7.48 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.63 (s, 1H), 3.45-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.30-3.35 (s, 3H), 1.40-2.25 (m, 7H); ESI MS: m/z=417 [M+H]⁺.

Example 29 Preparation of Compound 11

Experimental Data

A steel autoclave was charged with compound 11a (700 mg, 2.27 mmol), KCN (294 mg, 4.53 mmol), and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (1.63 g, 16.98 mmol). Formamide (25 mL) was added to fill the tube completely. The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 72 h, cooled, and poured into ice. After acidification with concentrated HCl solution (30 mL), the mixture was filtrated. The solid was dissolved in ethyl acetate (600 mL), and washed with water (2×150 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the compound 11b (550 mg, yield 61%) as a white solid, which was used for the next step directly without purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ7.80 (s, 1H), 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 3.33 (m, 3H), 3.05-3.21 (m, 2H), 2.92 (s, 1H), 1.91-2.26 (m, 3H), 1.67 (m, 2H), 1.43 (m, 1H), 1.33 (m, 2H), 1.21 (m, 3H), 0.80 (m, 1H).

A suspension of compound 11b (1 g, 2.64 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (1.68 g, 2.64 mmol) in dry 1,4-dioxane (18 mL) was heated at 120° C. for 35 min. in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and purified by column (petroleum ether/EA=8/1-5/1) to give the compound 11e as a yellow solid (390 mg, yield 37%).

To a solution of compound 11c (200 mg, 0.51 mmol) in MeOH (20 mL) was added NaOH solution (1.5 mL, 0.6 N). After being stirred for 5 min., the mixture was added MeI (0.36 mL), and stirred at room temperature for another 10 minutes and at 60° C. for 15 minutes in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether/EA=5/1) to give the compound 11d (80 mg, yield 37%) as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ7.31 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 3.29 (s, 3H), 3.13-2.92 (m, 6H), 2.61 (s, 3H), 1.94-1.78 (m, 3H), 1.69 (t, 1H), 1.51 (m, 1H), 1.39-1.26 (m, 3H), 1.08 (m, 1H).

A solution of compound 11d (45 mg, 0.107 mmol) and NH₄I (78 mg, 0.535 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (5 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 3 h. After being cooled, the mixture was concentrated in vacuum, and the residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the compound 11e (25 mg, 60%) as a white solid, which was used for the next step directly without purification. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ7.51 (d, 1H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 3.39 (m, 5H), 3.15 (4, 2H), 2.96 (s, 3H), 2.11 (m, 2H), 1.93 (m, 1H), 1.55 (m, 2H), 1.42 (m, 3H).

A 10 mL flask was charged with a solution of compound 11e (20 mg, 0.051 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL), Cs₂CO₃ solution (2 N, 0.1 mL), 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylboronic acid (21 mg, 0.102 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) under N₂ atmosphere. The mixture was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 minutes, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH=10/1) and HPLC to give compound 11 (2.25 mg, yield 9%). ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ7.66 (m, 2H), 7.54 (m, 4H), 7.27 (m, 1H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.29-3.11 (m, 6H), 2.09 (m, 2H), 1.94 (m, 1H), 1.54-1.31 (m, 5H); ESI MS: m/z 474 [M+H]⁺.

Example 30 Preparation of Compound 14

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 4 described in example 27, compound 14 (3.5 mg, yield 13%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.68 (m, 1H), 7.60-7.45 (m, 3H), 7.48 (m, 1H), 7.21 (m, 1H), 3.49 (s, 3H), 3.32-3.14 (m, 6H), 2.21 (m, 2H), 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.26 (m, 5H); ESI MS: m/z=441 [M+H]⁺.

Example 31 Preparation of Compound 52

Experimental Data:

Preparation of Compound 52a

MeI (4.46 mL, 71.6 mmol) was added to a solution of 1,5-dichloropentan-3-ol (1.9 g, 12.2 mmol) and Ag₂O (7.5 g, 32.3 mmol) in DMF (25 mL) at 20-30° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and filtered. The filtrate was extracted with Et₂O for 3 times, and the combined organic layers were washed with H₂O, dried, and concentrated to give the crude compound 52a (1.3 g, 63%), which was used directly without further purification.

Preparation of Compound 52c

To a solution of compound 52b (336 mg, 1.5 mmol) in DMF was added NaH (150 mg, 60%, 3.75 mmol) at 0° C., and the mixture was stirred for 1 h at the same temperature. Compound 52a (510 mg, 3 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was quenched with ice water, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was concentrated, the residue was purified with preparative TLC to give the compound 52c (50 mg, 10%).

Preparation of Compound 52d

To a solution of compound 52c (34 mg, 0.23 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.8 mL) in 1,4-dioxane (1.5 mL) under N₂ was added Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (15 mg). The mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 6 h. After being cooled to room temperature, the organic layer was dried, and concentrated. The residue was purified by TLC to give the compound 52d (25 mg, 47%).

Preparation of Compound 52e

To a solution of compound 52d (25 mg, 0.07 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1.5 mL) was added TiCl₄ (28 mg). The mixture was stirred at 50° C. in a microwave reactor for 6 minutes, and bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (30 mg, 0.16 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 60° C. in a microwave reactor for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water, and extracted with DCM. The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to give the crude compound 52e (30 mg, 116% crude).

Preparation of Compound 52

To a solution of methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (7 mg, 0.08 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (1 mL) was added NaOMe (25% in MeOH, 6 drops) and compound 52e (30 mg, 0.08 mmol). After being stirred for 10 minutes, the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 52 (1.07 mg, 3%). ¹H-NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD): δ7.95 (m, 2H), 7.74 (m, 2H), 7.64 (m, 2H), 7.35 (m, 1H), 3.45 (d, 6H), 2.92 (m, 1H), 2.13 (m, 1H), 2.03 (m, 3H), 1.63 (m, 1H), 1.52 (m, 3H), 1.43 (m, 1H), 1.35 (m, 1H); ESI MS: m/z=417 [M+H]⁺.

Example 32 Preparation of Compound 13

Experimental Data:

Preparation of Compound 13a

To the solution of compound 13a (5 g, 29.4 mmol) in acetone (62.5 mL) was added sodium iodide (17.64 g, 117.6 mmol). The mixture was refluxed overnight, and filtrated. The filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was dissolved in DCM (100 mL). After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated to give the compound 13b (9.6 g, 93%). ¹H-NMR (400 Hz CDCl₃): δ3.39 (m, 3H), 3.22-3.30 (m, 5H), 1.95-2.00 (m, 4H).

Preparation of Compound 13d

A solution of compound 13c (4.75 g, 22.6 mmol) and compound 13b (9.6 g, 27.1 mmol) in DMF (80 mL) was added NaH (2.71 g, 60%, 67.8 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h, quenched with water, and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried, and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography to give the compound 13d (900 mg, 12%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃): δ7.80 (m, 1H), 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 3.34 (m, 3H), 3.22 (m, 1H), 2.91 (m, 2H), 2.10 (m, 2H), 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.44 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.30 (m, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 13e

To a solution of compound 13d (700 mg, 2.27 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (18 mL) was added TiCl₄ (4.55 mL, 4.55 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature, and bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (1.12 mL, 5.00 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight, poured into ice-water, and extracted with DCM. The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give the crude compound 13e (700 mg, 93%).

Preparation of Compound 13f

To a solution of methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (177 mg, 2.11 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH 35 mL) was added NaOMe (10% in MeOH, 1.05 mL) and compound 13e (700 mg, 2.11 mmol). After being stirred for 25 minutes, the solvent was removed, and the residue was dispended in DCM (50 mL), and the precipitate was filtered off. The solvent was removed, and the residue was purified by TLC to give the compound 13f (1 g, 125% crude). ¹H-NMR (400 Hz CDCl₃): δ7.45 (m, 2H), 7.10 (m, 1H), 3.40 (m, 3H), 3.20 (m, 1H), 3.00 (m, 3H), 2.70-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.00 (m, 2H), 1.75 (m, 1H), 1.45-1.62 (m, 3H), 1.35 (m, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 13

A mixture of compound 13f (20 mg, 0.053 mmol), 3-chloro-4-fluorophenylboronic acid (14 mg, 0.08 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.300 mL) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) under Ar₂ was stirred in a microwave reactor at 120° C. for 18 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC and HPLC to give the compound compound 13 (2.67 mg, 12%). ¹H-NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.90-8.00 (m, 0.3H), 7.55-7.65 (m, 3H), 7.50-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.45 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.40 (m, 6H), 3.30-3.35 (m, 1H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.00-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.95 (m, 3H), 1.30-1.55 (m, 3H); ESI MS: m/z=430 [M+H]⁺.

Example 33 Preparation of Compound 5

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 13 described in Example 32, compound 5 (1.79 mg, 8%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.90-8.00 (m, 1H), 7.65-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.65 (m, 4H), 7.35-7.50 (m, 1H), 3.35-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.15-3.30 (m, 2H), 3.00-3.10 (d, 1H), 2.00-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.90 (m, 3H), 1.35-1.55 (m, 3H); ESI MS: m/z=412 [M+H]⁺.

Example 34 Preparation of Compound 19

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 13 described in Example 32, compound 19 (2.16 mg, 10%) was obtained. ¹H-NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.90-8.00 (m, 1H), 7.60-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.40 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.20 (m, 2H), 6.95-7.05 (m, 1H), 3.35-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.30-2.45 (d, 6H), 2.00-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.95 (m, 3H), 1.30-1.55 (m, 3H); ESI MS: m/z=406 [M+H]⁺.

Example 35 Preparation of Compound 6

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 13 described in Example 32, compound 6 (1.82 mg, 8%) was obtained. ¹H-NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.65-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.50 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 2H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.95 (m, 3H), 1.30-1.55 (m, 3H); ESI MS: m/z=446 [M+H]⁺.

Example 36 Preparation of Compound 20

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 13 described in Example 32, compound 20 (2.06 mg, 10%) was obtained. ¹H-NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ 7.80-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.80 (m, 4H), 7.40-7.50 (m, 1H), 3.35-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.95 (m, 3H), 1.30-1.55 (m, 3H); ESI MS: m/z=446 [M+H]⁺.

Example 36a Preparation of Compound 32

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 13 described in Example 35, compound 32 (9.28 mg, 42%) was. ¹H-NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.60-7.70 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.30 (m, 1H), 6.85-7.05 (m, 2H), 3.23-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.18 (m, 4.3H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.95 (m, 3H), 1.30-1.55 (m, 3H); ESI MS: m/z=410 [M+H]⁺.

Example 37 Preparation of Compound 9

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 13 described in Example 32, compound 9 (2.46 mg, 10%) was obtained. ¹H-NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.65-8.00 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.65 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.40 (m, 1H), 3.23-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.18 (m, 4.3H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.95 (m, 3H), 1.30-1.55 (m, 3H); ESI MS: m/z=462 [M+H]⁺.

Example 38 Preparation of Compound 8

A mixture of compound 13f (20 mg, 0.053 mmol), 3-fluoro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)benzonitrile (20 mg, 0.08 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.300 mL), and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) under Ar₂ was stirred at 100° C. for 90 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum, the residue was purified by preparative TLC and HPLC to give compound 8 (1.85 mg, 8%). ¹H-NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ 7.85-8.00 (m, 1H), 7.70-7.85 (m, 3H), 7.50-7.65 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.50 (m, 1H), 3.23-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.55 (m, 4H); ESI MS: m/z=421 [M+H]⁺.

Example 39 Preparation of Compound 12

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 13 described in Example 35, compound 12 (2.73 mg, 12%) was obtained. ¹H-NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.90-8.10 (m, 2H), 7.70-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.50 (m, 2H), 3.23-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.95 (m, 3H), 1.30-1.55 (m, 3H); ESI MS: m/z=421 [M+H]⁺.

Example 40 Preparation of Compound 68

Experimental Data:

Preparation of Compound 68b

To a solution of NaH (5.4 g, 0.135 mol) in dry THF (150 mL) was added dropwise a solution of compound 68a (9.48 g, 0.045 mol) in THF (20 mL) at −30° C. The mixture was stirred at −30° C. for 0.5 h, 1,5-diiodo-3-methoxypentane (15.8 g, 0.045 mol) was added dropwise, and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and purified by preparative TLC and HPLC to give the compound 68b (220 mg, 2%).

Preparation of Compound 68c

To a solution of compound 68b (100 mg, 0.32 mmol) in DCM (10 ml) was added TiCl₄ (0.8 mL, 0.8 mmol) dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 1 h, (TMSN)₂C (150 mg, 0.8 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The mixture was quenched with water, extracted by DCM, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated in vacuo to give the compound 68c (96 mg, 95%).

Preparation of Compound 68d

To a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (24 mg, 0.284 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (10 ml) was added NaOMe (138 mg) and compound 68c (95 mg, 0.284 mol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h, quenched with water, extracted by DCM, and concentrated in vacuo to give the compound 68d without other purification (60 mg, 50%).

Preparation of Compound 68

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 13 described in Example 35, compound 68 (2.11 mg, 3%) was obtained. ¹H-NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ8.00-8.10 (m, 1H), 7.85-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.70-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.70 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.40 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.40 (m, 6H), 2.10-2.25 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.85-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.75 (m, 2H); ESI MS: m/z=405 [M+H]⁺.

Example 41 Preparation of Compound 38

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (10 mg, 0.014 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.3 mL) and 3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylboronic acid (15 mg, 0.073 mmol) were added to a solution of compound 1 (15 mg, 0.036 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) in a 10 mL tube under Ar₂. The mixture was heated at 120° C. in a microwave reactor for 20 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC and HPLC to give compound 38 (4.59 mg, 28%). ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.95-8.05 (m, 0.4H), 7.70-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.65 (m, 0.6H), 7.45-7.60 (m, 3H), 7.25-7.40 (m, 1H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 4H), 3.35-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 3H), 2.95-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.90 (m, 2H), 1.75-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.75 (m, 2H); ESI MS: m/z=494 [M+H]⁺.

Example 42 Preparation of Compound 39

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 38 described in Example 41, compound 39 (1.40 mg, 27%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.95-8.05 (m, 0.4H), 7.75-7.90 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.75 (m, 4H), 7.40-7.50 (m, 0.6H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 4H), 3.30-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 3H), 2.95-3.15 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.85 (m, 2H), 1.75-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.70 (m, 2H); ESI MS: m/z=478 [M+H]⁺.

Example 43 Preparation of Compound 17

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 38 described in Example 41, compound 17 (2.78 mg, 8%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.70-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.50 (m, 3H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 4H), 3.40-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 3H), 2.95-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.85 (m, 2H), 1.75-2.20 (m, 2.5H), 1.45-1.70 (m, 1.6H); ESI MS: m/z=444 [M+H]⁺.

Alternatively, a solution containing compound 17a (105 mg, 0.255 mmol) and compound 1A (60 mg, 0.384 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL), and aqueous Cs2CO3 (2 M, 1.8 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl12(PPh₃)₂ (18 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 120° C. for 15 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and filtered through a short Celite pad. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC and HPLC to give compound 17 (48.2 mg, 42%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.178, 1.241 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 444 [M+H]+; 1H-NMR (CD3OD 400 MHz): δ 7.62-7.90 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.45 (m, 3H), 7.00-7.27 (m, 4H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 2.90-3.10 (m, 3H), 2.61-2.75 (m, 2H), 1.77-2.08 (m, 3H), 1.41-1.84 (m, 2H).

Example 44 Preparation of Compound 23

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 38 described in Example 41, compound 23 (1.57 mg, 10%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.90-8.00 (m, 0.4H), 7.65-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.60 (m, 1.6H), 7.30-7.40 (m, 1H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 4H), 3.40-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 3H), 2.95-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.85 (m, 2H), 1.80-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.75 (m, 2H); ESI MS: m/z=462 [M+H]⁺.

Example 45 Preparation of Compound 15

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 38 described in Example 41, compound 15 (1.51 mg, 10%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.90-8.00 (m, 0.3H), 7.70-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.55 (m, 1.6H), 7.20-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 4H), 3.40-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 3H), 2.95-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.85 (m, 2H), 1.80-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.75 (m, 2H); ESI MS: m/z=462 [M+H]⁺.

Example 46 Preparation of Compound 21

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 38 described in Example 41, compound 21 (1.51 mg, 10%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.90-8.00 (m, 0.3H), 7.70-7.80 (m, 1.7H), 7.55-7.65 (s, 1H), 7.45-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 4H), 3.40-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 4H), 2.95-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.85 (m, 2H), 1.80-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.75 (m, 2H); ESI MS: m/z=478 [M+H]⁺.

Example 47 Preparation of Compound 10

A mixture of compound 10a (20 mg, 0.049 mmol), 3-chloro-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzonitrile (19.20 mg, 0.073 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.300 mL) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) under Ar₂ was stirred at 120° C. in a microwave reactor for 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuum, the residue was purified by preparative TLC and HPLC to give compound 10 (2.10 mg, 9%). ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.90-8.00 (m, 0.3H), 7.85-8.10 (m, 2.6H), 7.75-7.85 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.55 (m, 0.7H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 4H), 3.40-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 3H), 2.95-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.85 (m, 2H), 1.80-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.75 (m, 2H); ESI MS: m/z=469 [M+H]⁺.

Example 48 Preparation of Compound 27

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 38 described in Example 41, compound 27 (1.08 mg, 3%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.85-7.95 (m, 0.5H), 7.55-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.45 (m, 0.6H), 6.85-7.20 (m, 7H), 3.75-3.80 (s, 3H), 3.40-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 3H), 2.95-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.85 (m, 2H), 1.80-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.75 (m, 2H); ESI MS: m/z=474 [M+H]⁺.

Example 49 Preparation of Compound 1

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 10 described in Example 47, compound 1 (2.8 mg, 14%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.85-7.95 (m, 0.3H), 7.65-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.55 (m, 3.5H), 3.30-3.40 (m, 6H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 3H), 2.95-3.10 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.60 (m, 4H); ESI MS: m/z=430 [M+H]⁺.

Example 50 Preparation of Compound 2

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 38 described in Example 41, compound 2 (2.8 mg, 14%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.85-7.95 (m, 0.3H), 7.65-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.55 (m, 3.5H), 3.30-3.40 (m, 6H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 3H), 2.95-3.10 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.60 (m, 4H); ESI MS: m/z=430 [M+H]⁺.

Example 51 Preparation of Compound 7

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 38 described in Example 41, compound 7 (1.23 mg, 4.1%) was obtained. ¹H NMR (400 Hz CD₃OD): δ7.90-8.00 (m, 0.5H), 7.65-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.35-7.45 (m, 0.6H), 7.10-7.20 (m, 1H), 6.95-7.05 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.90 (s, 3H), 3.30-3.45 (m, 6H), 3.00-3.25 (m, 3H), 2.00-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.95 (m, 3H), 1.35-1.55 (m, 3H); ESI MS: m/z=442 [M+H]⁺.

Example 52 Preparation of Compound 36

Experimental Data:

Preparation of Compound 36b

A mixture of compound 36a (50 g, 410 mmol), 1,2-dichloroethane (50 mL), and KOH (25 g, 445 mmol) in H₂O (50 mL) was refluxed for three days. The organic layer was separated, diluted with CH₂Cl₂, washed with aqueous NaOH solution and with water, and concentrated to give the compound 36b (47 g, 63%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.82 (m, 1H), 7.53 (m, 1H), 7.06 (m, 1H) 6.94 (d, 1H), 4.33 (t, 2H), 3.87 (t, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 36c

To a solution of compound 36b (10 mg, 54.3 mmol) in MeOH (50 mL) was added NaBH₄ (3.0 g, 81.5 mmol) at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h, and concentrated. Water (100 mL) was added at 0° C., and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (100 mL×3). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to give the compound 36c (10 g, 99%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): δ7.28 (m, 2H), 6.98 (m, 1H), 6.83 (m, 1H), 4.69 (m, 2H), 4.38 (t, 2H), 3.83 (t, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 36d

To a solution of compound 36c (10 g, 53.7 mmol) in DCM (30 mL) was added SOCl₂ (51 g, 430 mmol) dropwise at 0° C., and the reaction mixture was refluxed overnight. The solution was concentrated, and the residue was diluted NH₄OH and extracted with EtOAc. The organic layer was dried, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography to afford the compound 36d (3.8 g, 35%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.73 (m, 1H), 7.36 (m, 1H), 7.06 (t, 1H), 6.88 (d, 1H), 4.72 (s, 2H), 4.33 (t, 2H), 3.89 (t, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 36e

To a solution of compound 36d (1 g, 4.88 ooml) in propan-2-one (25 mL) was added NaI (2.2 g, 14.63 mmol), and the mixture was refluxed for 2 hour. The mixture was filtered, and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (50 mL), and the solution was washed with water (30 mL). The organic layer was dried, and concentrated to give the compound 36e (1.5 g, 79%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.34 (d, 1H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 6.93 (t, 1H), 6.81 (d, 1H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 4.31 (m, 2H), 3.92 (t, 2H).

Preparation of Compound 36f

To a solution of 6-bromo-indan-1-one (500 mg, 2.37 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added NaH (190 mg, 4.74 mmol) at 0° C. After being stirred for 30 minutes, compound 36e (919 mg, 2.37 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched with water, and extracted with TBME. The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by preparative TLC to afford the compound 36f (145 mg 18%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.88 (s, 1H), 7.64 (m, 1H), 7.16 (m, 1H), 7.01 (d, 4H), 6.88 (m, 1H), 4.48 (m, 2H), 4.07 (m, 1H), 3.69 (m, 2H), 3.38 (d, 1H), 3.22 (m, 1H), 2.68-2.92 (m, 3H), 2.51 (t, 1H), 2.36 (d, 1H), 1.61 (d, 1H).

Preparation of Compound 36g

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (10 mg) in a 10 mL of flask under N₂ was treated sequentially with the solution of the compound 36f (105 mg, 0.305 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL), Cs₂CO₃ solution (2 N, 0.3 mL), and 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (90 mg, 0.61 mmol). The mixture was heated at 100° C. under N₂ in microwave for 10 minutes. The organic layer was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC to give the compound 36g (98 mg, 96%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CDCl₃): δ7.95 (s, 1H), 7.80 (m, 4H), 7.63 (m, 1H), 7.51 (m, 3H), 7.16 (m, 1H), 6.98 (m, 4H), 4.48 (m, 1H), 3.72 (m, 1H), 3.43 (d, 2H), 3.21 (m, 1H), 2.88 (m, 2H), 2.53 (t, 1H), 2.41 (d, 1H).

Preparation of Compound 36h

To a solution of compound 36g (70 mg, 0.19 mmol) in drying CH₂Cl₂ (3 mL) was added TiCl₄ (1 M solution in DCM, 0.38 mL) at room temperature dropwise within 15 minutes. The mixture was stirred for 1 h, added bis-trimehtlysilylcarbodiimide (109 mg, 0.58 mmol) dropwise, stirred overnight, poured into ice-water, and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The combined organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to give the compound 36h (80 mg, crude), which was used for the next step without further purification.

Preparation of Compound 36

To a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (17 mg, 0.206 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (3 mL) was added NaOMe (10% in MeOH, 100 mg, 0.185 mmol) and compound 36h (80 mg, 0.206 mmol) at room temperature. After being stirred for 10 minutes, the solvent was removed in vacuum, the residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂. After filtration, the filtrate was concentrated, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC and HPLC to afford the compound 36 (5.08 mg, 6%). ¹H NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD): δ8.02 (m, 2H), 7.52-7.93 (m, 4H), 7.38 (m, 1H), 7.21 (m, 1H), 7.03 (m, 3H), 4.48 (m, 1H), 3.7 (m, 1H), 3.48 (m, 3H), 3.19 (m, 2H), 2.52-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.46 (m, 1H), 1.73-2.11 (m, 1H); ESI MS: m/z 437 [M+H]⁺.

Example 53 Preparation of Compound 63

Experimental Data:

Preparation of Compound 63b

A solution of compound 63a (1 g, 4.46 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added NaH (393 mg, 9.81 mmol) in ice water bath, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min., and compound 1A was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred overnight, quenched with water, and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated to give the compound 63b (100 mg, 5%).

Preparation of Compound 63c

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (30 mg) in a 10 mL of tube was treated sequentially with a solution of compound 63b (100 mg, 354 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL), Cs₂CO₃ solution (2 N, 0.6 mL), and 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (83 mg, 147 mmol) under Ar₂ atmosphere. The mixture was heated in microwave at 120° C. for 25 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative TLC to give the compound 63c (20 mg, 18%).

Preparation of Compound 63d

To a solution of compound 63c (20 mg, 0.053 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂, (3 mL) was added TiCl₄ (39.5 mg, 0.2 mmol) dropwise, and the mixture was stirred at 50° C. at Ar₂ in microwave for 20 minutes, N,N′-methanediylidenebis(1,1,1-trimethylsilanamine) (18 mg, 0.096 mmol) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. under Ar₂ in microwave for 10 minutes, and poured into ice-water (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The organic layer was dried, and concentrated to give the crude compound 63d (20 mg), which was used for the next step directly without purification.

Preparation of Compound 63

To a solution of N-methyl-hydroxylamine hydrochloride (4.2 mg, 0.05 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added MeONa (2.43 mg, 25% in MeOH) and (E)-N-(7′-(3-cyanophenyl)-3′,4′,5,6,8,9-hexahydro-1′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-naphtha-lene]-1′-ylidene)cyanamide (20 mg, 0.053 mmol). After being stirred for 10 minutes, the solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude compound, which was purified by preparative TLC and HPLC to give compound 63 (0.41 mg, 2%). ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): 7.92 (t, 2H), 7.60-7.74 (m, 4H), 7.41 (t, 1H), 7.09 (m, 4H), 3.33 (d, 3H), 3.12 (m, 2H), 3.00 (t, 2H), 2.69 (d, 2H), 2.32 (t, 2H), 1.58 (t, 2H), 1.47 (d, 2H); ESI MS: m/z 449 [M+H]⁺.

Example 54 Preparation of Compound 3

By using the same synthetic procedure as compound 76a in Example 56, compound 3 (4.5 mg, 12%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (400 MHz CD₃OD): δ7.59 (m, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 3H), 3.31 (m, 3H), 3.17 (m, 1H), 2.97 (m, 1H), 2.16 (m, 2H), 1.72 (m, 3H), 1.46 (m, 4H), 0.91 (m, 2H), 0.76 (m, 2H); ESI MS: 366 [M+H]⁺.

Alternatively, compound 3 can be prepared according to the following scheme:

A solution containing compound 3a (300 mg, 0.789 mmol) and compound 3A (560 mg, 1.58 mmol) in toluene (20 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 130° C. for 30 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (50 mL) and aqueous CsF (4.0 M, 50 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC to afforded compound 3 (93 mg, 31%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.084 min and 1.143 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 366.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.22-7.26 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.13-7.15 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.12-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.03 (s, 3H), 2.78-2.88 (q, J=16.0 Hz, J=10.4 Hz, 2H), 1.99-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.41-1.49 (m, 2H), 1.27-1.37 (m, 2H), 0.86-0.92 (m, 2H), 0.70-0.75 (m, 2H).

Example 55 Preparation of Compound 16

By using the same synthetic procedure as compound 4 described in Example 27, compound 16 (2.3 mg, yield 8%) was obtained. ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ7.53 (d, 1H), 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.12 (m, 1H), 6.99 (m, 1H), 6.83 (m, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.26 (m, 3H), 3.05-3.12 (m, 6H), 1.88-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.76 (d, 1H), 1.38 (m, 3H), 1.22 (m, 2H); ESI MS: m/z 454 [M+H]⁺.

Example 56 Preparation of Compound 76

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 76a

A dry three-necked round bottom flask equipped with a condenser was charged with 6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (1.8 g, 5.8 mmol), TEA (30 mL) and DEA (6 mL) under N₂ atmosphere. To this solution was added CuI (60 mg, 0.3 mmol), and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (210 mg, 0.3 mmol). After being degassed once again, the cyclopropyl acetylene (3 mL, excess) was added, and the mixture was heated at 50° C. (oil bath) with stirring for 15 hours. After evaporation, the residue was partitioned with EtOAC (50 mL) and water (30 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure, and the crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 5%-20% EtOAc in hexane to afford the compound 76a (1.55 g, 87% purity), which was purified by preparative HPLC to yield give the pure compound 1 (0.88 g, 51%) as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ7.66 (s, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.18 (m, 1H), 2.93 (s, 2H), 2.08 (m, 2H), 1.69 (m, 2H), 1.52 (s, 1H), 1.38 (m, 5H), 0.82 (m, 2H), 0.71 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 76b

A steel clave was charged with a mixture of 6′-(cyclopropylethynyl)-4-methoxyspiro [cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (600 mg, 2.04 mmol), KCN (266 mg, 4.08 mmol), and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (689 mg, 15.29 mmol). Formamide (20 mL) was added to fill tube completely. The mixture was heated at 100° C. for 72 h, and the reaction mixture was cooled, and poured into ice. After acidification with concentrated aqueous HCl solution (20 mL), the mixture was filtrated to give the solid, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate (600 mL) and washed with water (150 mL×2). The organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the compound 76b (660 mg, 80%) as a white solid, which was used for the next step directly without purification. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ7.59 (s, 1H), 7.23 (m, 1H), 7.16 (m, 2H), 3.29 (s, 3H), 2.92-3.11 (m, 3H), 2.06 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.97 (m, 2H), 1.59 (m, 1H), 1.43 (m, 1H), 1.32-1.38 (m, 2H), 1.25 (m, 2H), 0.82 (m, 2H), 0.73 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 76c

A suspension of compound 76b (660 mg, 1.81 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (730 mg, 1.81 mmol) in dry 1,4-dioxane (60 mL) was heated at 120° C. for 35 minutes in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with PE/EA=5/1 to give the compound 76c as a yellow solid (330 mg, 47%). ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ7.96 (s, 1H), 7.27 (m, 1H), 7.08-7.14 (m, 2H), 6.92 (m, 1H), 3.63-3.79 (m, 1H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 2.92-3.11 (m, 3H), 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.97 (m, 1H), 1.35 (m, 5H), 1.26 (m, 1H), 0.81 (m, 2H), 0.72 (m, 2H).

2. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 76d

To a solution of compound 76c (300 mg, 0.786 mmol) in CH₃CN (30 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (434 mg, 3.14 mmol). After being stirred for 5 minutes, MeI (462 mg, 3.14 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 10 minutes in microwave, and at 100° C. for another 10 minutes. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (PE/EA=5/1) to give the compound 76d (150 mg, 47%) as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ7.18 (m, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 1H), 2.98-3.04 (m, 2H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 1.78-1.92 (m, 3H), 1.65 (t, 1H), 1.46 (m, 1H), 1.22-1.36 (m, 3H), 1.08 (m, 1H), 0.74 (m, 2H), 0.67 (m, 2H).

3. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 76

A solution of compound 76d (150 mg, 0.37 mmol), NH₄I (531 mg, 3.7 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (15 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 3 h. After being cooled, the mixture was concentrated in vacuum, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (DCM/MeOH=10/1) and preparative HPLC to give compound 76 (92 mg, 66%) as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.19 (m, 2H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.2.98-3.12 (m, 6H), 1.91-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.57 (m, 1H), 1.21-1.43 (m, 5H), 0.82 (m, 2H), 0.68 (m, 2H); ESI MS: m/z 378 [M+H]⁺.

Example 57 Preparation of Compound 31

Experimental Data

A mixture of compound 31a (2.17 g, 10.35 mmol) and compound 31A (6 g, 20.7 mmol) in DMF (17.5 mL) was added NaH (910 mg, 60%, 22.75 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, quenched with water (5 mL), and extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL). The organic layer was dried, and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography to give the compound 31b (250 mg, yield 7%) as a yellow solid.

To a solution of compound 31b (200 mg, 0.59 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (26 mL) was added TiCl₄ (2.35 mL, 2.35 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h, and compound 31B (245.7 mg, 1.3 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, poured into ice-water (5 mL), and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×20 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to give the compound 31c (200 mg, crude) as a yellow solid.

To a solution of methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (11.5 mg, 0.137 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (2.5 mL) was added NaOMe (10% in MeOH, 0.07 mL) and compound 31c (50 mg, 0.137 mmol). After being stirred for 20 minutes, the solvent was removed in vacuo, and the residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL). The mixture was filtered, concentrated, and purified by pre-TLC and HPLC to give the compound 31 (4.99 mg, yield 9%) as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.60-7.87 (m, 2H), 7.32 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10-7.13 (m, 4H), 3.32 (m, 3H), 2.97-3.11 (m, 3H), 2.70-2.78 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.67-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.47-1.68 (m, 3H); ESI MS: m/z 412 [M+H]⁺.

Example 58 Preparation of Compound 35

Experimental Data

The solution of LDA (6.5 mL, 11.7 mmol, 1.8M in THF) in THF (12.5 mL) was added the solution of compound 35a (1 g, 5.85 mmol) in THF (6 mL) slowly at −60° C. The mixture was stirred at −60° C. for 30 min., the solution of compound 35b (1.55 g, 5.26 mmol)) in THF (5 mL) was added slowly. The resulting mixture was stirred at −60° C. for 1.5 h, quenched with water (10 mL), and extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated, and purified by chromatography to give the compound 35c (1.85 g, yield 82%) as a yellow solid. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ7.81 (m, 1H), 7.52 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.19 (m, 4H), 6.92 (m, 1H), 2.99-3.13 (m, 2H), 2.97 (s, 2H), 2.66 (m, 2H), 2.04-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.61 (m, 2H).

A 100 mL flask was charged with compound 35c (1.85 g, 4.77 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (0.140 g, 0.62 mmol), Ph₃P (0.363 g, 1.38 mmol), DMF (75 mL) and H₂O (8.33 mL). The resulting mixture was degassed, and Et₃N (0.578 g, 5.72 mmol) was added under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was stirred at 130° C. for 4 h, cooled to room temperature, diluted with water (20 mL), and extracted with EtOAc (2×40 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated, and purified by chromatography to give the compound 35d (650 mg, yield 52%) as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ7.74 (m, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.41-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.31-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.03-7.09 (m, 4H), 3.15 (s, 2H), 2.93-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.80 (br s, 2H), 1.79-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.62 (m, 2H).

To a solution of compound 35d (100 mg, 0.38 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (7 mL) was added TiCl₄ (1.53 mL, 1.53 mmol). This mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 10 min in microwave, and added bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (0.187 mL, 0.836 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 12 min. in microwave, TLC showed that the reaction was completed, the mixture was poured into the ice-water (20 mL). The solution was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the compound 35e (100 mg, yield 93%) as a yellow solid, which was used directly for the next step without purification.

To a solution of methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (14.5 mg, 0.175 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (3 mL) was added NaOMe (10% in MeOH, 0.090 mL, 0.157 mmol) and compound 35e (50 mg, 0.175 mmol). After being stirred for 25 minutes, the solvent was removed in vacuo, and residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL). The mixture was filtered, and the solvent was removed, the residue was purified by HPLC to give the compound 35 (3.4 mg, yield 6%) as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.51-7.77 (m, 2H), 7.47 (m, 1H), 7.40 (m, 1H), 7.11-7.17 (m, 4H) 3.34 (s, 3H), 2.97-3.12 (m, 3H), 2.73-2.85 (s, 2H), 2.09-2.67 (m, 3H), 1.66-1.69 (m, 1H), 1.49-1.56 (m, 1H); ESI MS: 515 [M+H]⁺.

Example 59 Preparation of Compound 18

A solution of compound 18a (25 mg, 0.065 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) was added 3-pyridinylboronic acid (12 mg, 0.098 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2N, 0.5 mL), and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂(4.3 mg, 0.00065 mmol, under nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred in microwave at 120° C. for 15 min., TLC showed the reaction was completed, and the reaction mixture was concentrated, and purified by Prep-TLC and Prep-HPLC to give compound 18 (5 mg, 20%) as a white solid. ¹H-NMR: δ8.78 (s, 1H), 8.51 (d, 1H), 8.10 (m, 1H), 7.61 (m, 1H), 7.54 (m, 2H), 7.39 (m, 1H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 2.94 (m, 2H), 2.09 (m, 2H), 1.76 (m, 1H), 1.64 (m, 2H), 1.32-1.49 (m, 4H); ESI MS: 379 [M+H]⁺.

Example 60 Preparation of Compound 37

By using the same synthetic strategy as compound 18 described in Example 59, compound 37 (3.9 mg, yield 11%) was obtained as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.71-7.92 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.69 (m, 4H), 7.11-7.29 (m, 2H), 3.25-3.36 (m, 6H), 3.11-3.15 (m, 2H), 2.88-2.90 (d, 1H), 1.95-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.85 (m, 3H), 1.26-1.50 (m, 3H); ESI MS: 417 [M+H]⁺.

Specific stereochemistry shown in Examples 1-60 was determined based on spectroscopic data and/or computer modeling study.

LCMS Method for Examples 61-409 and 411-433

LCMS Chromatographic method: (2 min)

Column: Welch Xtimate C18 2.1*30 mm, 3 um

Mobile A 4 L H₂O (1.5 mL TFA) Phase B 4 L MeCN (0.75 mL TFA) TIME(min) A % B % 0 90 10 1.5 20 80 1.51 20 80 2 90 10 Flow Rate 1.2 mL/min Wavelength UV220 Oven Tem. 50° C. MS ESI

LCMS Chromatographic method: (3 min)

Column: Welch Xtimate C18 2.1*30 mm, 3 um

Mobile A 4 L H₂O (1.5 mL TFA) Phase B 4 L MeCN (0.75 mL TFA) TIME(min) A % B % 0 90 10 1.35 20 80 2.25 20 80 2.26 90 10 3.00 90 10 Flow Rate 0.8 mL/min Wavelength UV220 Oven Tem. 50° C. MS ESI

LCMS Chromatographic method: (7 min)

Column: Welch Xtimate C18 2.1*30 mm, 3 um

Mobile A 4 L H₂O (1.5 mL TFA) Phase B 4 L MeCN (0.75 mL TFA) TIME(min) A % B % 0 90 10 6 20 80 6.5 20 80 6.51 90 10 7 90 10 Flow Rate 0.8 mL/min Wavelength UV220 Oven Tem. 50° C. MS ESI

Example 61 Preparation of Compound 94

Step 1: preparation of 6′-bromospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (94b)

In a flame dried 50 mL round bottom flask was placed 6-bromo-2-methylene-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (500 mg, 2.252 mmol) and it was dissolved in dichloromethane (7.5 mL). To this solution was bubbled 1,3-butadiene (excess). After stirring for 5 minutes, BF₃.OEt₂ (414 μL, 3.377 mmol) was slowly added and the 1,3-butadiene still bubbling (2-3 bubbles per second; for 2 minutes). After the 2 minutes, the reaction was quenched with saturated NaHCO₃ aq. (10 mL), and diluted with DCM (10 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane (10 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 40 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding 6′-bromospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (317 mg, 1.149 mmol, 51% yield). M+H=276.9, 278.9 (bromine ion effect). ¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.88 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.81-5.72 (m, 2H), 2.98 (d, J_(A,B)=17.6 Hz, 1H), 2.86 (d, J_(A,B)=17.2 Hz, 1H), 2.48-2.42 (m, 1H), 2.28-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.93-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.51-1.46 (m, 1H).

Step 2: Preparation of 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (94c)

In a 20 mL vial was placed 6′-bromospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (155 mg, 0.562 mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (107 mg, 0.728 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (39 mg, 0.056 mmol) and cesium carbonate (457 mg, 1.403 mmol). This solid mixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture (5.6 mL, 6:1 ratio, respectively). The reaction vial was capped and allowed to stir at 90° C. for 1 hour. At this time, the mixture was filtered through a Celite plug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane (15 mL) and water (15 mL). The phases in the filtrate were separated. The aqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane (5 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 40 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (125 mg, 0.418 mmol, 74% yield). M+H=299.9 ¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.94 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.83-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.65 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.54 (m, 2H), 5.83-5.75 (m, 2H), 3.10 (d, J_(A,B)=17.6 Hz, 1H), 2.97 (d, J_(A,B)=17.6 Hz, 1H), 2.49 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 2.25-2.20 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.84-1.79 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.50 (m, 1H)

Step 3: Preparation of 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (94d)

To a 100 mL round bottom flask was placed 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohex[3]ene-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (52 mg, 0.174 mmol) and it was dissolved in Ethyl Acetate (5 mL). To this solution was added Pearlmann's catalyst (10 mg, Pd/C). A three way adapter was attached and one of the lines had a H₂ filled balloon attached. The system was flushed with H₂ and evacuated under vacuum for 3 cycles. After 1 hour stirring at room temperatures, the starting alkene was consumed. The reaction was filtered through a celite cake and the cake was rinsed with ethyl acetate (5 mL). The filtrate was concentrated yielding 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (49 mg, 0.163 mmol, 94% yield) and use as it is for the next reaction. M+H=302.1. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.84-7.78 (m, 2H), 7.65 (dd, J=7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.55 (m, 2H), 3.08 (s, 2H), 1.85-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.71 (m, 3H), 1.50-1.36 (m, 5H).

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 94

In a 20 mL vial was placed 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (49 mg, 0.163 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). Dichloromethane (3 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (326 μL, 0.326 mmol, 1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (117 μL, 0.521 mmol) was added and the solution was allowed to stir overnight (˜14 hours) at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with ice cold water (5 mL). The two phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted twice with dichloromethane (3 mL/each). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (15 mg, 0.180 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (3 mL). To this solution was added NaOMe (35 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. This solution was transferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After that time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduce pressure and the crude material was purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% MeOH/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as the eluent). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated. The obtained oil was lyophilized yielding the final product (1.65 mg, 0.004 mmol, 2% yield) as white solid. M+H=373.1. ¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.01-7.90 (m, 2H), 7.80-7.62 (m, 4H), 7.45 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.09-2.96 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.42 (m, 10H).

Example 62 Preparation of Compound 95

In a 4 mL vial was placed 6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (26 mg, 0.084 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluene twice (1 mL/each). Dichloromethane (3 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (177 μL, 0.177 mmol, 1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (61 μL, 0.272 mmol) was added. The solution was allowed to stir 2 hours at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with ice cold water (5 mL) and diluted with DCM (5 mL). The two phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted twice with dichloromethane (3 mL/each). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (8 mg, 0.096 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL). To this solution was added NaOMe (22 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. This solution was transferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After that time, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduce pressure and the crude material was purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% MeOH/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as the eluent). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated. The obtained oil was lyophilized yielding the final product (1.05 mg, 0.003 mmol, 3% yield) as white solid. M+H=381.9. ¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.64-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.27 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.17 (m, 1H), 2.94 (m, 2H), 2.18-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.33 (m, 6H).

Example 63 Preparation of Compound 96

Step 1: Preparation of 6′-bromo-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (96b)

To a 4 mL vial was placed 6′-bromo-4-hydroxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (41 mg, 0.139 mmol) and it was azeotroped with toluene twice (1 mL/each). The solid was dissolved in DMF (1.5 mL). To this solution was added TBDPS-Cl (40 μL, 0.154 mmol) followed by imidazole (24 mg, 0.353 mmol). The reaction was allowed to stir overnight (˜14 hours) at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with H₂O (1 mL) and diluted with diethyl ether (1 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back extracted twice with diethyl ether (2 mL/each). The combined organic phases were washed with H₂O, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding 6′-bromo-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (58 mg, 0.109 mmol, 78% yield). M+H=did not ionized. ¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.83 (d, J=1.6 Hz 1H), 7.69-7.66 (m, 5H), 7.45-7.32 (m, 7H), 3.73 (m, 1H), 2.98 (s, 2H), 1.93-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.47 (m, 4H), 1.37 (m, 2H), 1.08 (s, 9H).

Step 2: 4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (96c)

In a 50 mL round bottom flask was placed 6′-bromo-4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (58 mg, 0.109 mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (21 mg, 0.143 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (8 mg, 0.011 mmol) and cesium carbonate (89 mg, 0.273 mmol). This solid mixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture (1.1 mL, 6:1 ratio, respectively). The flask was capped and allowed to stir at 90° C. for 1 hour. At this time, the mixture was filtered through a Celite plug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane (5 mL) and water (5 mL). The phases in the filtrate were separated. The aqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane twice (2 mL/each). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding 4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (24 mg, 0.043 mmol, 39% yield). M+H=556.0. ¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.90-7.78 (m, 4H), 7.71-7.64 (m, 5H), 7.58-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.46-7.36 (m, 5H), 3.75 (m, 1H), 3.10 (s, 2H), 1.94 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.51 (m, 4H), 1.41 (m, 2H), 1.08 (s, 9H).

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 96

In a 20 mL vial was placed 4-(tert-butyldiphenylsilyloxy)-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (24 mg, 0.043 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluene twice (1 mL/each). Dichloromethane (2 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (86 μL, 0.086 mmol, 1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (31 μL, 0.138 mmol) was added. The solution was allowed to stir 1 hour at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with ice cold water (5 mL) and diluted with DCM (5 mL). The two phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane (5 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (4 mg, 0.048 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL). To this solution was added NaOMe (10 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. This solution was transferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After that time, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. TBAF (1 mL of a 1M THF sol'n) was added and the reaction was stirred for 1 hour at room temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduce pressure and the crude material was purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% MeOH/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as the eluent). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated. The obtained material was lyophilized yielding the final product (2.1 mg, 0.005 mmol, 12% yield) as white solid. M+H=389.0. ¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.01-7.90 (m, 2H), 7.77-7.62 (m, 4H), 7.47 (m, 1H), 3.57 (m, 1H), 3.45 (s, 3H), 3.04 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.68 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.44 (m, 4H).

Example 64 Preparation of Compounds 97 and 98

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 97b and 98b

In a 25 mL round bottom flask was placed 6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione (501 mg, 1.716 mmol) and it was dissolved in dichloroethane (5.7 mL). To this solution was added the trifluoro ethylamine (162 μL, 2.059 mmol), AcOH (124 μL, 2.059 mmol), and NaBH(OAc)₃ (582 mg, 2.746 mmol) at last. The reaction was stirred at room temperature. When the reaction was completed it was quenched with saturated NaHCO₃ (aq) (20 mL) and diluted with ethyl acetate (20 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted with ethyl acetate twice (5 mL/each). The combined organic phases were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 40 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). At the end, two isomers were obtained and their corresponding fractions were combined separately and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding 6′-bromo-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (axial, 97b) (420 mg, 1.120 mmol) and 6′-bromo-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (equatorial, 98b) (108 mg, 0.288 mmol) (82% yield). Compound 97b: M+H=375.9, ¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.85 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.21 (q, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 2.93 (s, 2H), 2.90 (m, 1H), 2.01-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.87-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.68 (m, 2H), 1.38-1.29 (m, 2H). Compound 98b: M+H=375.8, ¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.86 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.24 (q, J=9.6 Hz, 2H), 2.95 (s, 2H), 2.68 (m, 1H), 2.03-1.97 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.74 (ddd, J=14.0, 14.0, 3.6 Hz, 2H), 1.46 (m, 2H), 1.31-1.21 (m, 2H).

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 97c and 98c

To a microwave vial was placed was placed 6′-bromo-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (axial) (50 mg, 0.133 mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (25 mg, 0.170 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg, 0.007 mmol) and cesium carbonate (109 mg, 0.335 mmol). This solid mixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture (1.5 mL, 6:1 ratio, respectively). The vial was capped and heated in the microwave at 110° C. for 10 minutes. At this time, the mixture was filtered through a Celite plug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane (5 mL) and water (5 mL). The phases in the filtrate were separated. The aqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane (2 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding l′-oxo-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (axial, 97c) (50 mg, 0.126 mmol, 74% yield). M+H=399.0

In a 20 mL vial was placed 6′-bromo-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (axial) (43 mg, 0.115 mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (22 mg, 0.150 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (4 mg, 0.006 mmol) and cesium carbonate (93 mg, 0.285 mmol). This solid mixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture (1.2 mL, 6:1 ratio, respectively). The vial was capped and allowed to stir at 95° C. for 1 hour. At this time, the mixture was filtered through a Celite plug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane (10 mL) and water (10 mL). The phases in the filtrate were separated. The aqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane twice (3 mL/each). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding 1′-oxo-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (equatorial, 98c) (48 mg, 0.121 mmol, quantitative). M+H=399.0

Step 3: Preparation of benzyl 6′-(3-cyanophenyl)-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-4-yl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)carbamate (axial) (97d)

To two separate 4 mL vials were placed l′-oxo-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (axial) (25 mg/each, 0.063 mmol/each). To vial #1 was added NaOH (100 mg of a cruch pellet, excess), DCM (1 mL) and H₂O (1 mL). To vial #2 was added K₂CO₃ (270 mgs, excess), DCM (1 mL) and H₂O (1 mL). To each vial was added benzyl chloroformate (50 μL, 1.5 equivalents) and they were allowed to stir overnight (˜14 hours) at room temperature. At that time, both reactions were completed. The K₂CO₃ was cleaner than the NaOH one (judge by LC/MS). The reactions were combined and diluted with H₂O (5 mL) and DCM (5 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane (5 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding benzyl 6′-(3-cyanophenyl)-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-4-yl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)carbamate (axial, 97d) (50 mg, 0.094 mmol, 75% yield). M+H=533.0, ¹H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.86-7.75 (m, 4H), 7.66-7.48 (m, 3H), 7.36-7.31 (m, 5H), 5.18 (bs, 2H), 4.19 (bs, 1H), 3.96 (bs, 2H), 2.97 (s, 2H), 2.31 (m, 2H), 1.94 (d, J=14.0 Hz, 2H), 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.65 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 2H).

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 97

In a 20 mL vial was placed benzyl 6′-(3-cyanophenyl)-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-4-yl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)carbamate (axial) (50 mg, 0.094 mmol), and it was azeotroped with toluene twice (2 mL/each). Dichloromethane (3 mL) was added followed by TiCl₄ (188 μL, 0.188 mmol, 1M in DCM). The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for 1 hour. At that time bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (68 μL, 0.303 mmol) was added. The solution was allowed to stir 20 minutes at room temperature. The reaction was quenched with ice cold water (7 mL) and diluted with DCM (7 mL). The two phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane twice (3 mL/each). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (1 mL). In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (9 mg, 0.108 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (3 mL). To this solution was added NaOMe (24 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. This solution was transferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes. After that time, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL) and Pd/C (<1 mg) was added. A balloon filled with H₂ was attached to the flask and the mixture was stirred for 5 minutes. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite and the filtrate was directly purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% MeOH/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as the eluent). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated yielding the final product (0.5 mg, 0.001 mmol, 11% yield). M+H=470.1; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.00-7.89 (m, 2H), 7.80-7.62 (m, 4H), 7.43 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (m, 1H), 3.63 (m, 2H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.06-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.10 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.89 (m, 4H), 1.78 (m, 2H) ppm.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 98

In a 20 mL vial was placed l′-oxo-4-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (equatorial) (48 mg, 0.121 mmol) and it was azeotroped with acetonitrile twice (2 mL/each). Acetonitrile (2.5 mL) was added. To this solution was added bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (111 μL, 0.494 mmol) was added followed by cesium fluoride (75 mg, 0.494 mmol). The vial was tightly capped and heated overnight (˜14 hours) at 50° C. The reaction was quenched with water (5 mL) and diluted with DCM (10 mL). The two phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane twice (3 mL/each). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (11 mg, 0.132 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL). To this solution was added NaOMe (20 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. This solution was transferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After that time, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL), the solution filtered and purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% MeOH/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as the eluent). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure. The material was lyophilized yielding the final product (1.4 mg, 0.003 mmol, 2% yield) as a white fluffy solid. M+H=470.1, ¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.03-7.90 (m, 2H), 7.80-7.62 (m, 4H), 7.47 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.93 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.30-3.20 (m, 2H), 3.06 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.18 (m, 2H), 1.94-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.58 (m, 2H).

Example 65 Preparation of Compound 99

Step 1: Preparation of 6′-bromo-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (99b)

In a 25 mL round bottom flask was placed 6′-bromo-4-hydroxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (368 mg, 1.252 mmol) and it was azeotroped twice with acetonitrile (2 mL/each). CuI (24 mg, 0.126 mmol) was added followed by acetonitrile (2.5 mL). This solution was purged under a stream of N₂ for 30 seconds. The solution was heated to 60° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. After being 5 minutes at 60° C., FSO₂CF₂CO₂H (136 mL, 1.316 mmol) was added dropwise. After 1 hour, the reaction was quenched with H2O (10 mL) and diluted with diethyl ether (10 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted with diethyl ether (5 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 40 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding benzyl 6′-bromo-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (137 mg, 0.398 mmol, 32% yield). M+H=344.9, ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.86 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (dd, J=8.0, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.26 (t, J=75.2 Hz, 1H), 4.20 (m, 1H), 2.98 (s, 2H), 2.14 (m, 2H), 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.52 (m, 4H).

Step 2: Preparation of 6′-(cyclopropylethynyl)-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (99c)

In a 20 mL vial was placed 6′-bromo-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (51 mg, 0.148 mmol) and it was azeotroped twice with toluene (2 mL/each). Triethylamine (1.5 mL) and diethylamine (0.4 mL) were added and this solution was bubbled with a nitrogen stream for 1 minute. Then PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg, 0.007 mmol) and CuI (1.5 mg, 0.008 mmol) were added and again the solution was bubbled with a stream of nitrogen for 1 minute. Then, PPh₃ (4 mg, 0.015 mmol) was added followed by the addition of cyclopropyl acetylene (300 mL, excess, 70% toluene solution) and one more time the solution was bubbled with a stream of nitrogen for 1 minute. The vial was capped and allowed to stir overnight (˜14 hours) at 56° C. At that time, the solvent was removed under reduce pressure and the crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, using ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding 6′-(cyclopropylethynyl)-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (44 mg, 0.133 mmol, 90% yield) as an off-white solid. M+H=331.0, 1H NMR=(CDCl₃, 400 MHz) δ 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.25 (t, J=75.6 Hz, 1H), 4.18 (m, 1H), 3.00 (s, 2H), 2.12 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.41 (m, 5H), 0.89-0.77 (m, 4H).

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 99

In a 20 mL vial was placed 6′-(cyclopropylethynyl)-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (44 mg, 0.133 mmol) and it was azeotroped with acetonitrile twice (2 mL/each). Acetonitrile (2 mL) was added. To this solution was added bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (120 μL, 0.534 mmol) was added followed by cesium fluoride (81 mg, 0.533 mmol). The vial was tightly capped and heated for 3 hours at 50° C. The reaction was quenched with water (7 mL) and diluted with DCM (10 mL). The two phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane twice (5 mL/each). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (12 mg, 0.144 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL). To this solution was added NaOMe (21 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 3 minutes at room temperature. This solution was transferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes. After that time, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL) and H₂O (500 μL). The solution was filtered and purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% MeOH/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as the eluent). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained material was lyophilized yielding the final product (1.24 mg, 0.003 mmol, 2% yield). M+H=402.0; ¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.66-7.26 (m, 3H), 6.41 (t, J=75.6 Hz, 1H), 4.08 (m, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 2.99 (m, 2H), 2.12-1.91 (m, 3H), 1.75-1.43 (m, 6H), 0.93-0.86 (m, 2H), 0.77-0.71 (m, 2H).

Example 66 Preparation of Compound 100

Step 1: Preparation of 4-(difluoromethoxy)-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (100b)

In a 20 mL vial was placed 6′-bromo-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (51 mg, 0.148 mmol), 3-cyanobenzeneboronic acid (28 mg, 0.1910 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg, 0.007 mmol) and cesium carbonate (121 mg, 0.371 mmol). This solid mixture was dissolved in a Dioxane/water mixture (1.5 mL, 6:1 ratio, respectively). The vial was capped and allowed to stir at 95° C. for 1 hour. At this time, the mixture was filtered through a Celite plug. The plug was rinsed with dichloromethane (10 mL) and water (5 mL). The phases in the filtrate were separated. The aqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane (5 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂ cartridge, ethyl acetate/hexanes as the eluents). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduce pressure yielding 4-(difluoromethoxy)-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (equatorial) (48 mg, 0.131 mmol, 88% yield). M+H=368.0

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 100

In a 20 mL vial was placed 4-(difluoromethoxy)-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (equatorial) (48 mg, 0.131 mmol) and it was azeotroped with acetonitrile twice (1 mL/each). Acetonitrile (1.3 mL) was added. To this solution was added bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (118 μL, 0.525 mmol) was added followed by cesium fluoride (80 mg, 0.526 mmol). The vial was tightly capped and heated overnight (˜14 hours) at 50° C. The reaction was quenched with water (5 mL) and diluted with DCM (5 mL). The two phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted with dichloromethane twice (3 mL/each). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduce pressure and azeotroped with toluene (2 mL). In a separate flame dried 4 mL vial was placed MeNH(OH).HCl (12 mg, 0.144 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL). To this solution was added NaOMe (21 μL, 25% in MeOH) and the solution was stirred for 5 minutes at room temperature. This solution was transferred, via syringe, to the cyanoimine prepared above and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. After that time, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL) and H₂O (500 μL). The solution was filtered and purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% MeOH/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as the eluent). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained material was lyophilized yielding the final product (5 mg, 0.011 mmol, 9% yield). M+H=439.1 ¹H NMR=(CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 8.00 (m, 2H), 7.76-7.60 (m, 3H), 7.45 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (t, J=75.6 Hz, 1H), 4.09 (m, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.09 (d, J_(A,B)=16.0 Hz, 1H), 3.02 (d, J_(A,B)=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.12-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.51 (m, 6H).

Example 67 Synthesis of Compound 101

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 101b

To a solution of compound 101a (4 g, 12.9 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (40 mL), was added KOAc (3.67 g, 37.4 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (3.6 g, 14.2 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (1.2 g, 1.8 mmol) under nitrogen, the mixture was stirred at 100° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 1 h, LCMS showed the complete consumption of compound 101a. Water (20 mL) was added to the mixture, and the precipitate was filtered off through a pad of celite, and then was washed with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic fractions were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 101b (4.1 g, crude 90%) which was used in the next step without further purification as a black solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.45 (s, 3H), 3.26-3.19 (m, 1H), 3.07 (s, 2H), 2.08 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.26 (s, 12H).

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 101c

To a solution of compound 101b (4 g, 11.5 mmol) in THF (40 mL) was added HOAc (4 mL) and H₂O₂ (20 mL) under nitrogen, the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was quenched with NaHSO₃ solution (20 mL), and then was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to afford the crude product which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc (100:10 to 30:10) to give compound 101c (2 g, 71%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ:7.31 (s, 1H), 7.21 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.23-3.27 (m, 1H), 2.86 (s, 2H), 2.05-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.39-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.28-1.34 (m, 2H).

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 101d

To a solution of compound 101c (100 mg, 0.40 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) was added TiCl₄ (1.2 mL) under nitrogen, the mixture was stirred at 50° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min, then bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (189 mg, 1.0 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min. The mixture was poured into ice-water (5 mL) and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL×2). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 101d (90 mg, crude, 83%) as a yellow solid which was used directly for the next step without purification. LCMS: t_(R)=1.198 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=271.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 101e

To a solution of compound 101A (20.6 mg, 0.19 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) was added MeONa (99.9 mg, 0.19 mmol, 10% (Wt.) in MeOH, followed by compound 101d (50 mg, 0.185 mmol). After stirring for 10 min, LCMS showed the complete consumption of compound 101d. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc=1:1 to afford compound 101e (26 mg, 41%) as a yellow solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.016 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=346.2 [M+H]⁺.

Step 5: Preparation of Compound 101

To a solution of compound 101e (26 mg, 0.075 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (20.7 mg, 0.15 mmol), and 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-iodo-ethane (19.2 mg, 0.082 mmol), the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was added brine (5 mL), and was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×2). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with dichloromethane:methanol=10:1 followed by preparative HPLC to afford compound 101 (2.0 mg, 6.2%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.35 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 4.52 (dd, J=8.4, 16.4 Hz, 2H), 3.50-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.09-3.19 (m, 1H), 2.87 (dd, J=15.2, 31.2 Hz, 2H), 1.97-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.56-1.20 (m, 3H), 1.20-1.16 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 6H).

LCMS: t_(R)=2.053 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=428.2 [M+H]⁺.

¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz) δ −75.784

Example 68 Preparation of Compound 102

Step 1. 5′-(3-chloro-5-fluorophenyl)-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-one

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged with 5′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-one (0.0573 g, 0.167 mmol), 3-chloro-5-fluorophenylboronic acid (0.0930 g, 0.53 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (0.2537 g, 0.78 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (4 mL), water (1 mL), and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (0.0118 g, 0.0168 mmol). The tube was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 110° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH₂Cl₂ and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 0.0607 g (92%) of 5′-(3-chloro-5-fluorophenyl)-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-one. LC-MS t_(R)=2.55 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 393, 395 (MH⁺).

Step 2. N-(5′-(3-chloro-5-fluorophenyl)-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of 5′-(3-chloro-5-fluorophenyl)-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-one (0.0607 g, 0.155 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was added 0.7 mL of 1.0 M TiCl₄ in CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature. After 1 h, 0.28 mL of bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide was added to the red solution. The resulting mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The mixture was quenched with ice, diluted with CH₂Cl₂, and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the crude product was directly used in the next step without further purification.

Step 3. Preparation of compound 102

A 50 mL flask was charged with 10 mL of EtOH, 0.2365 g of sodium methoxide (25 wt. % solution in MeOH), and 0.1050 g of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride. The suspension was filtered through HPLC filter and the filtrate was added to N-(5′-(3-chloro-5-fluorophenyl)-5,6,8,9-tetrahydro-3′H-spiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-benzofuran]-3′-ylidene)cyanamide, obtained as described above. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford compound 102 as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.72, 2.00 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 464, 466 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.07-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.48-7.08 (m, 8H), 3.48 (t, J=13.6 Hz, 2H), 2.80 (dd, J=14.6, 6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.18 (dd, J=14.5, 6.0 Hz, 2H), 1.90 (t, J=13.5 Hz, 2H); ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CD₃OD) δ −112.40 (t, J=9.2 Hz), −112.97 (t, J=9.2 Hz).

Example 69 Preparation of Compound 103

Step 1. 2-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(trimethylsilyloxy)acetonitrile

To a solution of 5-bromo-2-fluorobenzaldehyde (3.4160 g, 16.8 mmol) and DMAP (0.0256 g, 0.21 mmol, 0.012 equiv) in CH₃CN (35 mL) was added TMSCN (1.8885 g, 19.0 mmol, 1.13 equiv) dropwise via a syringe under nitrogen at room temperature. After 3.75 h, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product was directly used in the next step without further purification.

Step 2. 4-(5-bromo-2-fluorobenzoyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexanone

To a solution of 2-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(trimethylsilyloxy)acetonitrile (16.8 mmol), obtained as described above, in THF (10 mL) was added LiHMDS (1.0 M in THF, 18 mL, 18 mmol, 1.07 equiv) via a syringe under nitrogen at −78° C. After 1.25 h, a solution of 1,4-cyclohexanedione mono-ethylene ketal (2.6310 g, 16.8 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in THF (20 mL) was added dropwise via a cannula. The resulting mixture was allowed to slowly warm to 10° C. over 16 h. The mixture was then quenched with saturated NH₄Cl (10 mL) and H₂O (10 mL), extracted twice with ethyl acetate, and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was treated with MeOH (120 mL) and 2 N HCl (40 mL). The resulting solution was vigorously stirred at room temperature for 24 h and the solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The residue was extracted twice with CH₂Cl₂, dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 2.9319 g (55% in two steps) of 4-(5-bromo-2-fluorobenzoyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexanone. LC-MS t_(R)=1.39 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 315, 317 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.62-7.57 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.08-7.03 (m, 1H), 3.41 (s, 1H), 2.83-2.74 (m, 2H), 2.42-2.36 (m, 2H), 2.31-2.23 (m, 2H), 2.14-2.09 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 209.51, 204.88 (d, J=2.30 Hz), 157.68 (d, J=248.44 Hz), 135.66 (d, J=8.44 Hz), 131.55 (d, J=3.83 Hz), 127.54 (d, J=19.17 Hz), 118.07 (d, J=24.53 Hz), 117.19 (d, J=3.84 Hz), 78.07, 36.37, 33.89, 33.87; ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl₃) δ −112.90.

Step 3. 5-bromo-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexane]-3,4′-dione

To a solution of 4-(5-bromo-2-fluorobenzoyl)-4-hydroxycyclohexanone (1.0055 g, 3.19 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in THF (30 mL) was added 95% t-BuOK (0.3440 g, 2.91 mmol, 0.9 equiv) portionwise. The resulting mixture was heated at 100° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled with an ice bath and quenched with H₂O, extracted with ethyl acetate, dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvents were evaporated, the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 0.3889 g (41%) of 5-bromo-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexane]-3,4′-dione as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.58 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 295, 297 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.82-7.81 (m, 1H), 7.76-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.07 (m, 1H), 2.81-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.60-2.55 (m, 2H), 2.29-2.21 (m, 2H), 2.08-2.03 (m, 2H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 208.25, 200.80, 169.71, 140.99, 127.47, 121.58, 115.55, 114.81, 88.10, 36.68, 31.86.

Step 4. cis-5-bromo-4′-hydroxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one and trans-5-bromo-4′-hydroxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one

To a solution of 5-bromo-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexane]-3,4′-dione (0.2281 g, 0.77 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added NaBH₄ (0.0266 g, 0.70 mmol) portionwise at −78° C. After 15 min, additional NaBH₄ (0.0138 g, 0.36 mmol) was added at −78° C. After 25 min, the reaction mixture was quenched with acetone and stirred at room temperature for 1 h. After the solvents were evaporated, the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 0.0108 g (5%) of trans-5-bromo-4′-hydroxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one and 0.1424 g (62%) of cis-5-bromo-4′-hydroxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one.

For trans-5-bromo-4′-hydroxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one, LC-MS t_(R)=1.56 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 297, 299 (MH⁺), 279, 281; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.78-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.70-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.02-6.99 (m, 1H), 4.18-4.17 (m, 1H), 2.23-2.14 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.87 (m, 4H), 1.53-1.49 (m, 2H).

For cis-5-bromo-4′-hydroxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one, LC-MS t_(R)=1.47 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 297, 299 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.77-7.76 (m, 1H), 7.70-7.67 (m, 1H), 7.05-7.02 (m, 1H), 3.83-3.78 (m, 1H), 2.08-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.72 (m, 6H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 202.30, 169.84, 140.60, 127.21, 121.81, 115.54, 114.20, 89.12, 68.73, 30.67, 30.37.

Step 5. cis-5-bromo-4′-methoxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one

A mixture of cis-5-bromo-4′-hydroxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one (0.1424 g, 0.48 mmol), Ag₂O (0.3800 g, 1.64 mmol), MeI (0.85 mL, 13.6 mmol), and Drierite® (0.78 g) in CH₃CN (5 mL) was vigorously stirred at room temperature for 66 h. The reaction mixture was filtered. After the solvents were evaporated, the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 0.1232 g (83%) of cis-5-bromo-4′-methoxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one and recover 0.0220 g (15%) of cis-5-bromo-4′-hydroxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one.

For cis-5-bromo-4′-methoxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one, LC-MS t_(R)=1.86 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 311, 313 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.68-7.67 (m, 1H), 7.63-7.60 (m, 1H), 6.97 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.29-3.22 (m, 1H), 2.08-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.57 (m, 6H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 202.15, 169.74, 140.44, 127.07, 121.77, 115.48, 114.04, 89.32, 55.70, 30.09, 26.95.

Step 6. 3-(cis-4′-methoxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-5-yl)benzonitrile

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged with cis-5-bromo-4′-methoxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-one (0.0446 g, 0.143 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (0.1239 g, 0.84 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (0.4314 g, 1.3 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (4 mL), water (1 mL), and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (0.0286 g, 0.04 mmol). The tube was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 110° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH₂Cl₂ and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 0.0400 g (84%) of 3-(cis-4′-methoxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-5-yl)benzonitrile. LC-MS t_(R)=1.86 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 334 (MH⁺).

Step 7. N-(cis-5-(3-cyanophenyl)-4′-methoxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of 3-(cis-4′-methoxy-3-oxo-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-5-yl)benzonitrile (0.0400 g, 0.12 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was added 0.5 mL of 1.0 M TiCl₄ in CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature. After 1.5 h, 0.2 mL of bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide was added to the red solution. The resulting mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 21 h. The mixture was quenched with ice, diluted with CH₂Cl₂, and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the crude product (0.0584 g) was directly used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.90 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 358 (MH⁺)

Step 8. Preparation of compound 103

A 50 mL flask was charged with 10 mL of EtOH, 0.2552 g of sodium methoxide (25 wt. % solution in MeOH), and 0.1314 g of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride. The suspension was filtered through HPLC filter and the filtrate was added to N-(cis-5-(3-cyanophenyl)-4′-methoxy-3H-spiro[benzofuran-2,1′-cyclohexan]-3-ylidene)cyanamide, obtained as described above. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford compound 103 as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.25, 1.41 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 405 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.08-7.03 (m, 7H), 3.43-3.35 (m, 7H), 2.22-1.65 (m, 8H).

Example 70 Synthesis of Compound 104

A solution containing compound 104a (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) and 2,4,6-trimethyl-cyclotriboroxane (153 mg, 1.2 mmol) in dioxane (3 mL), and aqueous Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.85 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (8.5 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 120° C. for 15 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and filtered through a short Celite pad. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH, 10:1) and HPLC to give compound 104 (1.5 mg, yield 4%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.016 min and 1.066 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 348 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.46 (m, 1H), 7.39 (m, 1H), 7.18 (m, 1H), 7.02 (m, 4H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 2.94-2.99 (m, 3H), 3.65 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.70 (m, 2H); 2.28-2.31 (m, 3H), 1.73-1.84 (m, 3H), 1.56-1.70 (m, 1H); 1.19-1.60 (m, 1H).

Example 71 Synthesis of Compound 105

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 105b

To a solution of compound 105a (200 mg, 0.58 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (14 mL) was added TiCl₄ (1 M in CH₂Cl₂, 2.36 mL, 2.36 mmol) at room temperature. After being stirred in microwave at 50° C. for 15 min., bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide (236 mg, 1.28 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred in microwave at 60° C. for another 22 min. TLC showed the reaction was completed, and the mixture was poured into ice-water (20 mL), and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 105b (200 mg, yield 93%) as a yellow solid.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 105c

To a solution of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (92 mg, 1.08 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (28 mL) was added a solution of NaOMe (10 wt %, 0.56 mL, 0.972 mmol) in methanol followed by compound 105b (400 mg, 1.08 mmol). After being stirred at room temperature for 50 min., the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL). The mixture was filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatograph silica gel (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH, 10:1) to give compound 105c (80 mg, yield 18%) as a yellow solid.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 105

To a stirred solution of compound 105c (30 mg, 0.073 mmol) and CuI (10 mg, 0.05) in anhydrous Et₃N (0.5 mL) and DMF (2 mL) was added cyclopropane acetylene (0.5 mL) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (10 mg, 0.011 mmol) under a N₂ atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 55° C. overnight. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) and then filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product, which was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH, 10:1) and preparative HPLC (basic) in sequence to give compound 105 (3.5 mg, yield 12%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.075 min and 1.142 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 398 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.25 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (m, 2H), 7.05 (d, J=10 Hz, 2H), 3.16 (m, 3H), 2.91 (m, 3H), 2.66 (m, 2H), 1.94 (m, 2H), 1.68 (m, 1H), 1.55 (t, J=26.4 Hz, 2H), 1.45 (m, 1H), 0.88 (m, 2H), 0.73 (m, 1H).

Example 72 Synthesis of Compound 106

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 108c

To a solution of LDA (23.4 mL, 42.1 mmol, 1.8 M in THF) in THF (150 mL) was added slowly a solution of compound 108a (3.6 g, 21.05 mmol) in THF (77 mL) at −60° C. under a N₂ atmosphere. After being stirred at −60° C. for 1 h, a solution of compound 108b (7.05 g, 18.9 mmol)) in THF (23 mL) was added slowly to the above solution. The resulting mixture was stirred at −60° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (15 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×40 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum:ethyl acetate, 10:1) to give compound 108c (2.5 g, yield 26%) as a yellow solid.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 108d

A flame dried 100 mL RBF was charged with compound 108c (2.11 g, 4.5 mmol) and anhydrous THF (80 mL) under N₂ atmosphere. The resulting solution was stirred and chilled to −70° C., and t-BuLi (1.3 M, in hexane 6.95 mL, 9 mmol, 2 eq.) was added dropwise. Deep red was observed during the addition. The reaction was stirred another 1 h after the addition. The reaction was quenched with MeOH (0.4 mL), and followed by aq. HCl solution (2 M, 8 mL). The resulting solution was concentrated to remove organic solvent. The residue was stirred in 0.5 M aq. HCl solution (40 mL). The suspension was heated to reflux (oil bath 105° C.). The reaction was cooled down to room temperature and filter. The cake was washed with H₂O. The light yellow solid was collected and co-evaporated with MeOH two times to remove water to give crude product, which was purified by chromatography to give compound 108d (450 mg, yield 35%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.80-8.01 (m, 1H), 7.63-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.32 (m, 1H), 7.00-7.18 (m, 4H), 3.10 (s, 2H), 2.91-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.81 (brs, 2H), 1.78-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.62 (m, 2H).

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 108e

To a solution of compound 108d (100 mg, 0.29 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (7 mL) was added TiCl₄ (1.0 M in CH₂Cl₂, 1.18 mL, 1.18 mmol). After being stirred at 50° C. for 15 min in microwave, bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (0.143 mL, 0.638 mmol) was added to above solution. The resulting mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 22 min in microwave. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water (20 mL). The solution was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to dcrude compound 108e (100 mg, yield 93%) as a yellow solid, which was used directly for the next step without purification.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 108f

To a solution of methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (46 mg, 0.55 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (14 mL) was added a solution of NaOMe (10 wt %, 0.280 mL, 0.5 mmol) in methanol followed by compound 108e (200 mg, 0.55 mmol). After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min, and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL). The mixture was filtered, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give the residue, which was purified by chromatography to give compound 108f (50 mg, yield 22%) as a yellow solid.

Step 5: Preparation of Compound 108

A solution containing compound 108f (25 mg, 0.061 mmol) and compound 108B (11.2 mg, 0.091 mmol) in dioxane (1.5 mL), and aqueous Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.43 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (4.3 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 120° C. for 15 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and filtered through a short Celite pad. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC and HPLC to give compound 108 (1.5 mg, yield 6%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.943 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 411 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.68 (s, 1H), 8.40-8.68 (m, 1H), 7.97-8.00 (m, 1H), 7.52-7.54 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.31-7.40 (m, 1H), 6.96-7.05 (m, 4H), 3.10-3.22 (m, 2H), 2.97 (s, 3H), 2.92-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.53-2.65 (m, 2H), 1.87-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.53-1.64 (m, 1H), 1.46-1.50 (m, 2H).

Example 73 Synthesis of Compound 107

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 107b

To a solution of compound 107a (500 mg, 1.61 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL), was added KOAc (0.46 g, 4.69 mmol), 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (450 mg, 1.77 mmol) and PdCl₂(dppf) (150 mg, 0.18 mmol) under nitrogen, the mixture was stirred at 100° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 1 h, LCMS showed the complete consumption of compound 107a. Water (5 mL) was added to the mixture, and the precipitate was filtered off through a pad of celite, and then was washed with EtOAc (10 mL x 3). The combined organic fractions were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 107b (284 mg, 50%) as a black solid, which was used in the next step without further purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, 1H), 2.97 (m, 2H), 2.08 (m, 2H), 1.67 (m, 2H), 1.58 (m, 2H), 1.42 (m, 2H), 1.33 (s, 12H).

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 107c

To a solution of compound 107b (400 mg, 1.1 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) was added 3-chloropyridazine (193 mg, 1.65 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 8 mL) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (7.4 mg, 0.011 mmol) under nitrogen, the mixture was stirred at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min. Water (5 mL) was added to the mixture, and the precipitate was filtered off through a pad of celite, and then was washed with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The combined organic fractions were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc=1:1 to give compound 109c (100 mg, 29%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 9.11 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.49 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (m, 1H) 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.29 (m, 1H), 3.05 (s, 2H), 1.78 (m, 2H), 1.72 (m, 2H), 1.51 (m, 2H). 1.41-1.21 (m, 2H).

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 107d

To a solution of compound 107c (80 mg, 0.25 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) was added TiCl₄ (2.5 mL) under N₂, the mixture was stirred at 50° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min, then bistrimethylsilylcarbodiimide (105.3 mg, 0.56 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min. TLC (hexane:EtOAc=3:1) showed the complete consumption of compound 107c. The mixture was poured into ice-water (5 mL) and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 107d (82 mg, crude 95%) as a yellow solid which was used directly in the next step without purification.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 107

To a solution of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (12.6 mg, 0.15 mmol) in MeOH (4 mL) was added MeONa (81 mg, 0.15 mmol, 10 wt % in MeOH), followed by compound 109d (50 mg, 0.15 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min, LCMS showed the complete consumption of compound 107d. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product, which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with dichloromethane: methanol=10:1 followed by preparative HPLC to afford compound 107 (5.6 mg, 10% for 2 steps) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.13 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 8.18 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (m, 2H), 7.44 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.23 (m, 1H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 3.0 (m, 2H), 2.09 (m, 2H), 1.75 (m, 1H) 1.65 (m, 2H), 1.52 (m, 1H), 1.38 (m, 2H). LCMS: 663-148-1, t_(R)=0.810 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 380.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 74 Synthesis of Compound 108

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 108b

To a solution of compound 108a (2 g, 6.5 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (70 mL) was added TiCl₄ (1 M in CH₂Cl₂, 14.3 mL, 14.3 mol). After stirring at room temperature for 1 h under nitrogen, bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (2.47 g, 3.0 mL, 13.3 mmol) was added. After addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water (100 g) and stirred 30 min. The separated aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×100 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give compound 108b (2.3 g, crude, 100%) as a white solid, which was used for the next step directly without purification.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 108c

To a solution of methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (0.546 g, 6.5 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (300 mL) was added NaOMe (10 wt % in MeOH, 3.16 g, 5.85 mmol), followed by compound 108b (2.15 g, 6.5 mmol). After stirring at room temperature for 40 min, the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was re-dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (100 mL). The mixture was filtered and the solvent was removed to give the residue, which was purified by column chromatography (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=20:1 to 5:1) to give compound 108c (1.7 g, 69%) as a white solid.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 108

A solution containing compound 108A (97 mg, 0.26 mmol) and compound 108c (40 mg, 0.105 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (4 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 125° C. for 45 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (10 mL) and aqueous CsF (4 M, 10 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (15 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and preparative HPLC to afford product compound 108 (7.3 mg, 18%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.843 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 380.0 [M+H]⁺

¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 9.55-9.68 (d, J=50.8 Hz, 1H), 9.32 (s, 1H), 8.18-8.23 (m, 1H), 7.96-8.07 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.61 (d, J=10.8 Hz, 1H), 3.35-3.42 (m, 7H), 3.03-3.17 (q, 2H), 2.01-2.22 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.33-1.64 (m, 4H).

Example 75 Synthesis of Compound 109

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 109b

To a solution of compound 109a (400 mg, 1.1 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) were added 2-chloropyrazine (135 mg, 1.17 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 8 mL) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5.2 mg, 0.0078 mmol) under nitrogen, the mixture was stirred at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min. Water (5 mL) was added to the mixture, and the precipitate was filtered off through a pad of celite, and then was washed with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The combined organic fractions were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc=1:1 to give compound 109b (100 mg, 41%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.69 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.38 (s, 1H), 7.63 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 7.63 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.37 (m, 1H), 3.13 (s, 2H), 2.2 (m, 2H), 1.87 (m, 2H), 1.56 (m, 2H), 1.47 (m, 2H).

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 109c

To a solution of compound 109b (66 mg, 0.21 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) was added TiCl₄ (2 mL, 1 M in CH₂Cl₂, 2 mmol) under nitrogen, the mixture was stirred at 50° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min, then bistrimethylsilylcarbodiimide (87.6 mg, 0.45 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min, TLC (hexane:EtOAc=1:1) showed the complete consumption of compound 109b. The mixture was poured into ice-water (5 mL) and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 109c (47 mg, 66%) as a yellow solid which was used directly in the next step without purification.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 109

To a solution of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (11.8 mg, 0.14 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) was added MeONa (76.4 mg, 0.14 mmol, 10 wt % in MeOH), followed by compound 111c (47 mg, 0.14 mmol), the mixture was stirred for 10 min. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with dichloromethane:methanol=10:1 followed by preparative HPLC to afford compound 109 (1.2 mg, 2.2%) as a white solid.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.67 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.49 (s, 3H), 3.2 (m, 1H), 3.14 (s, 3H), 2.95 (m, 2H), 2.17 (m, 2H), 1.71 (m, 1H), 1.61 (m, 2H), 1.58 (m, 1H), 1.37 (m, 2H).

LCMS: t_(R)=0.855 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 380.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 76 Synthesis of Compound 110

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 110b

To a solution of compound 110a (150 mg, 0.42 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added HOAc (0.2 mL) and H₂O₂ (1 mL) under nitrogen, the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was quenched with NaHSO₃ solution (10 mL), and then was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to afford the crude product which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc (100:10˜30:10) to give compound 110b (100 mg, 97%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.31 (s, 1H), 6.91-7.15 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.26 (m, 1H), 2.97 (s, 2H), 1.98-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.86-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.41-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.41 (m, 2H).

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 110c

To a solution of compound 110b (100 mg, 0.40 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) was added TiCl₄ (1.2 mL, 1.0 M in CH₂Cl₂, 1.2 mmol) under nitrogen, the mixture was stirred at 50° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min, then bistrimethylsilylcarbodiimide (187.8 mg, 1.01 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min, TLC (hexane:EtOAc=1:1) analysis showed the complete consumption of compound 110b. The mixture was poured into ice-water (5 mL) and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL×2). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (40 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 110c (85 mg, 77%) as a yellow solid which was used directly in the next step without purification.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 475

To a solution of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (26.4 mg, 0.31 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) was added MeONa (169 mg, 0.31 mmol, 10 wt % in MeOH), followed by compound 110c (85 mg, 0.31 mmol), the mixture was stirred for 10 min at room temperature, TLC (dichloromethane:methanol=10:1) analysis showed the complete consumption of compound 110c. the solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with dichloromethane:methanol=10:1 to afford compound 475 (50 mg, 51%) as a white solid.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 110

To a solution of compound 475 (21 mg, 0.066 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) were added K₂CO₃ (36.5 mg, 0.26 mmol), and compound 110A (17.8 mg, 0.132 mmol), the mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 3 h, LCMS showed the complete consumption of compound 475. The reaction was added with H₂O (5 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAC (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with dichloromethane:methanol=10:1 followed by preparative HPLC to afford compound 110 (1.7 mg, 5%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 6.93 (s, 1H), 6.71-6.93 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 3.73 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.09 (m, 1H), 2.95 (s, 3H), 2.62-2.72 (m, 2H), 1.94-2.07 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.59 (m, 1H), 1.39-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.19-1.31 (m, 1H), 1.13-1.19 (m, 2H), 0.47-0.53 (m, 2H), 0.23-0.43 (m, 2H). LCMS: t_(R)=0.967 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 372 [M+H]⁺.

Example 77 Synthesis of Compound 111

A mixture of compound 111a (30 mg, 0.0792 mmol), compound 111A (28 mg, 0.1196 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (0.567 mL, 1.134 mmol, 2 M in water) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (8 mg) in 1,4-dioxane (2.0 mL) was irradiated in microwave at 120° C. for 15 min under nitrogen. The mixture was concentrated to give crude compound 111, which was purified by preparative HPLC to afford compound 111 (1.8 mg, 5%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=0.953 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 410.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz TMS): δ 8.59 (s, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 8.10-8.12 (m, 2H), 7.38-7.67 (m, 1H), 3.08-4.92 (m, 3H), 3.31-3.32 (m, 6H), 3.14-3.17 (m, 1H), 2.95-2.98 (m, 2H), 1.91-2.22 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.22-1.48 (m, 4H).

Example 78 Synthesis of Compound 112

Compound 112a (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dissolved in Et₃N (5 mL) and Et₂NH (1 mL), the resulting mixture was degassed and purged with N₂ for three times. Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) and CuI (4 mg) were added under N₂ atmosphere and the system was degassed again. Ethynylbenzene (0.3 mL, excess) was added by syringe. The system was degassed one more time. The reaction was heated to 75˜85° C. for 12 h. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed; the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned by CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) and water (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×10 mL), the combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to dryness. Purification of this residue by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=5:1) and RP-HPLC (basic) afforded compound 112 (4.6 mg, 9%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.168 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 402.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.51-7.53 (m, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.37-7.45 (m, J=8.0 Hz, 5H), 7.24-7.26 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 1H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 2.83-2.94 (q, 2H), 2.02-2.08 (t, J=12.8 Hz, 2H), 1.68-1.71 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 1.56-1.63 (t, J=14.0 Hz, 2H), 1.18-1.48 (m, 3H).

Example 79 Synthesis of Compound 113

The compound 113a (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dissolved in Et₃N (106 mg, 1.05 mmol 1) and DMF (4 mL), the resulting mixture was degassed and purged with N₂ for three times. Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) and CuI (4 mg) were added under a N₂ atmosphere and the system was degassed again. 3,3-dimethylbut-1-yne (0.5 mL, excess) was added by syringe. The system was degassed one more time. The reaction was heated to 90˜100° C. for 12 h. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned between CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) and water (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×10 mL); the combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to dryness. Purification of this residue by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=5:1) and pre-HPLC (basic) afforded compound 113 (6.7 mg, 13%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.184 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 382.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.10-7.14 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.03-7.04 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.01-3.09 (m, 1H), 2.91 (s, 3H), 2.67-2.77 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.94 (m, 3H), 1.54-1.57 (d, J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 1.25-1.48 (m, 4H), 1.25 (s, 9H).

Example 80 Synthesis of Compound 114

The titled compound was synthesized as described in example 77, compound 114 in 7% yield starting from compound 114a and Ethynylcyclopentane. LC-MS t_(R)=1.078 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 394.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.20-7.24 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.12-7.14 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.13-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.01 (s, 3H), 2.80-2.83 (m, 3H), 1.96-2.03 (m, 4H), 1.76-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.69 (m, 5H), 1.50-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.24-1.43 (m, 3H).

Example 81 Synthesis of Compound 115 Method 1

Method 2

Method 1

A solution containing compound 115A (126 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound 115a (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (4 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into a CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 125° C. for 45 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (10 mL) and aqueous CsF (4 M, 10 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (15 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂: MeOH=10:1) and preparative HPLC (basic) to afford product compound 115 (3 mg, 6%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.140 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 394.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.42-7.44 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 7.22-7.24 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.02-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.93 (s, 3H), 2.75-2.85 (q, 2H), 1.87-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.59 (m, 3H), 1.16-1.36 (m, 3H).

Method 2 step 1: Preparation of Compound 115b

Compound 115a (280 mg, 0.74 mmol) and (Boc)₂O (241 mg, 1.1 mmol) was dissolved in THF (8 mL), this solution was added DMAP (135 mg, 1.1 mmol) and Et₃N (0.2 mL, 1.47 mmol), the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) to give 115b (300 mg, 85%) as a white solid.

Method 2 Step 2: Preparation of Compound 115

A solution containing compound 115B (120 mg, 0.312 mmol) and compound 115b (100 mg, 0.208 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (7 mg, 0.010 mmol) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 125° C. for 45 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (10 mL) and aqueous CsF (4 M, 10 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (15 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and preparative HPLC (basic) to afford product compound 115 (9.3 mg, 6%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.011 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 394.2 [M+H]NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.41-7.43 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 7.22-7.24 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.04-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.93 (s, 3H), 2.75-2.85 (q, 2H), 1.89-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.56 (m, 3H), 1.17-1.34 (m, 3H).

Example 82 Synthesis of Compound 116

A solution containing compound 116B (124 mg, 0.33 mmol) and compound 116a (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (4 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 125° C. for 45 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (10 mL) and aqueous CsF (4 M, 10 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (15 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and preparative HPLC (basic) to afford product compound 116 (2.2 mg, 4.3%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.996 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 384.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 8.83 (s, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.49-7.51 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.20-7.22 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.21 (m, 1H), 2.95 (s, 3H), 2.78 (m, 2H), 1.92 (s, 2H), 1.21-1.47 (m, 6H).

Example 83 Synthesis of Compound 117

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 117b

To a solution of compound 117a (0.15 g, 0.51 mmol) in EtOAc (10 mL) was added Pd/C (15 mg, 10 wt %). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature under H₂ atmosphere (30 Psi) for 1 h, LC-MS showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give compound 117b (0.14 g, 92% crude yield) as a red oil, which was used for next step directly without purification without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 117c

To a solution of compound 117b (50 mg, 0.167 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (4 mL) was added TiCl₄ (1 M in CH₂Cl₂, 0.4 mL, 0.4 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h under a nitrogen atmosphere, and then bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (64 mg/0.076 mL, 0.34 mmol) was added. After addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. LC-MS showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water (10 g) and stirred for 30 min. The separated aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give compound 117c (54 mg, 100% crude yield) as a white solid, which was used directly for the next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 117

To a solution of methylhydroxylamine HCl salt (14 mg, 0.167 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (5 mL) was added NaOMe (10 wt % in MeOH, 0.08 g, 0.15 mmol), followed by compound 117c (54 mg, 0.17 mmol). After stirred for 40 min, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 117 (4.8 mg, 8%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.109 min and 1.175 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 370.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.48-7.56 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1.4H), 7.38 (s, 0.6H), 7.18-7.27 (m, 1H), 3.66 (s, 1H), 3.37 (s, 2H), 3.34 (s, 1H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 1H), 2.90 (s, 1H), 2.70-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.88 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.73 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.51 (m, 5H), 0.60-0.68 (m, 1H), 0.37-0.42 (m, 2H), 0.02-0.03 (m, 2H).

Example 84 Synthesis of Compound 118

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 118b

To a solution of compound 118a (500 mg, 1.61 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL), was added KOAc (0.46 g, 4.69 mmol), 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (450 mg, 1.77 mmol) and PdCl₂(dppf) (150 mg, 0.18 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was stirred at 100° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 1 h. LCMS showed the complete consumption of compound 118a. Water (5 mL) was added to the mixture, and the precipitate was filtered off through a pad of celite, and then was washed with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic fractions were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 118b (284 mg, 50%) as a black solid which was used in the next step without further purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.21 (m, 1H), 2.96 (s, 2H), 2.06 (m, 2H), 1.64 (m, 2H), 1.56 (m, 2H), 1.44 (m, 2H), 1.31 (s, 12H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 118c

To a solution of compound 118b (100 mg, 0.28 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added HOAc (0.2 mL) and H₂O₂ (1 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was quenched by addition of NaHSO₃ solution (10 mL), and then was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to afford the crude product which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc (100:10 to 30:10) to afford compound 118c (50 mg, 72%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.24 (s, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.26 (m, 1H), 2.86 (s, 2H), 2.20-2.21 (m, 2H), 1.68-1.69 (m, 2H), 1.44-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.40 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 118d

To a solution of compound 118c (50 mg, 0.20 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) was added TiCl₄ (1.2 mL, 1.2 mmol, 1 M in CH₂Cl₂) under a nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was stirred at 50° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min, then bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (15.1 mg, 0.40 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min. The mixture was poured into ice-water (5 mL) and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (40 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 118d (40 mg, 73%) as a yellow solid which was used directly for the next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 118e

To a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (12.4 mg, 0.14 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) was added MeONa (80 mg, 0.14 mmol, 10 wt % in MeOH), followed by compound 118d (40 mg, 0.14 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 10 min at room temperature, LCMS analysis showed the complete consumption of compound 118d. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo to give the crude product, which was purified by preparative TLC eluting with dichloromethane: methanol=10:1 to afford compound 118e (10 mg, 22%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 6.99 (s, 1H), 6.80 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.25 (m, 1H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 1.92-2.08 (m, 2H), 1.86-1.93 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.59 (m, 2H), 1.21-1.41 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 118

To a solution of compound 118e (10 mg, 0.031 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (8.5 mg, 0.062 mmol) and compound 118A (8.0 mg, 0.034 mmol), the mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 3 h, LCMS analysis showed the complete consumption of compound 118e. The reaction was added with H₂O (5 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC eluting with dichloromethane:methanol=10:1 followed by preparative RP-HPLC to afford compound 118 (2 mg, 14%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.15 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (dd, J=2.4, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (m, 2H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.24 (m, 1H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 2.80-2.84 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.75-2.80 (d, J=15.2, Hz, 1H), 1.98-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.70 (m, 1H), 1.66-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.46 (m, 1H), 1.36-1.46 (m, 2H). LCMS: t_(R)=1.80 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 400.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 85 Synthesis of Compound 119

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 119b

To a solution of potassium tert-butoxide (0.89 g, 7.7 mmol) in tert-butyl alcohol (30 mL) was added benzyl triphenyl phosphonium chloride (2.4 g, 6.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 h. Compound 1 (1.5 g, 5.1 mmol) was added under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was added H₂O (100 mL) and then was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 mL), the combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×50 mL). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=100:1 to 10:1 to give compound 119b (1.0 g, 53%) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.83 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 367.28 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 119c

A mixture of compound 119b (1.0 g, 2.7 mmol), ethyl acetate (100 mL) and PtO₂ (0.10 g, 0.44 mmol) was stirred at temperature under hydrogen (1 atm) atmosphere overnight. The precipitate was filtered off and washed with ethyl acetate (2×50 mL). The filtrate and washings were concentrated by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=100:1 to 10:1 to give compound 119c (0.35 g, 35%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.60-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.35 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.00-7.10 (m, 3H), 2.80-2.90 (s, 2H), 2.50-2.60 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.75-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.35-1.45 (m, 2H). LC-MS: t_(R)=2.46 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 369.29 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 119d

A sealed tube was charged with compound 119c (0.15 g, 0.41 mmol), anhydrous dichloromethane (3 mL) and TiCl₄ (0.82 mL, 0.82 mmol, 1 M in CH₂Cl₂). The tube was heated at 50° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min. After cooling down, N,N′-methanediylidene bis(1,1,1-trimethylsilianamine) (0.15 g, 0.82 mmol) was added. The tube was heated at 60° C. in a CEM reactor for 15 min again. After cooling down, the mixture was quenched by addition of ice-water (2 mL) carefully with stirring. Brine (10 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×10 mL). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 119d (0.17 g, 106% crude yield) as a pale yellow solid, which was used directly in next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 119

A solution of sodium methanolate in methanol (0.4 mL, 0.74 mmol, 10% in MeOH) was added to a flask was charged with compound 119d (0.17 g, 0.41 mmol, crude), anhydrous methanol (10 mL) and N-methyl hydroxylamine hydrochloride (41 mg, 0.49 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. Brine (20 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (contained 10% methanol) (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×10 mL). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 119 (60 mg, 33%) with 99% purity based on LC-MS as a pale yellow solid. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 300 MHz): δ 7.35-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.20 (m, 4H), 3.00-3.10 (s, 3H), 2.70-2.80 (d, J=20.8 Hz, 1H), 2.65-2.70 (d, J=20.8 Hz, 1H), 2.60-2.65 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 2H), 1.85-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.60 (m, 4H), 1.30-1.40 (m, 1H), 1.15-1.25 (m, 1H). LC-MS: t_(R)=2.54 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 439.13 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 120

A mixture of compound 119 (30 mg, 0.053 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (10 mg, 0.068 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (0.2 mL, 0.40 mmol, 2M in water) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (1 mg, 0.0014 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (5 mL) was stirred in at 80° C. for 3 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. After cooling down, brine (10 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo, the resulting crude product was purified by preparative TLC eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1 and then by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 120 (10.2 mg, 42%) with 99% purity based on LC-MS as a pale yellow solid. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.90-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.75 (m, 4H), 7.10-7.45 (m, 6H), 3.05-3.10 (s, 3H), 2.84-2.90 (d, J=20.8 Hz, 1H), 2.65-2.82 (d, J=20.8 Hz, 1H), 2.60-2.70 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 2H), 1.90-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.70 (m, 4H), 1.35-1.45 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.30 (m, 1H). LC-MS: t_(R)=2.53 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 463.3 [M+H]⁺.

Example 86 Synthesis of Compound 121

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 121b

The mixture of Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (54 mg), compound 121a (200 mg, 0.588 mmol), bispinacolatodiboron (164.3 mg, 0.647 mmol) and KOAc (167.1 mg, 1.71 mmol) in dioxane (3.5 mL) was placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 100° C. for 1 h under nitrogen. The solution was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum:ethyl acetate, 10:1) to give compound 121b (120 mg, 53%) as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.64-7.97 (m, 1H), 7.41-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 4H), 3.10-3.16 (m, 2H), 2.93-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.80 (s, 2H), 1.79-1.87 (m, 4H), 1.55-1.61 (m, 2H); 1.17-1.23 (m, 12H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 121c

A solution containing compound 121b (60 mg, 0.155 mmol), 3-chloro-pyridazine (27 mg, 0.233 mmol) in dioxane (4 mL), and aqueous Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 1.1 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (11 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 120° C. for 15 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and filtered through a short Celite pad. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC (acidic) to afford compound 121c (15 mg, 29%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 121d

To a solution of compound 121c (15 mg, 0.044 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) was added a solution of TiCl₄ in CH₂Cl₂ (1 M, 0.44 mL, 0.44 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 50° C. for 15 min, bistrimethylsilylcarbodiimide (18 mg, 0.10 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was irradiated in microwave at 60° C. for 15 min and 70° C. for 1 h. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was poured into ice-water (2 mL), and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated to give compound 121d (20 mg, 100%) as a yellow solid, which was used for next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 121

To a solution of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (4.6 mg, 0.055 mmol) in anhydrous MeOH (1.5 mL) was added NaOMe (10 wt % in MeOH, 0.028 mL, 0.05 mmol), and compound 121d (20 mg, 0.055 mmol). After being stirred at room temperature for 30 min, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL). The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (basic) to give compound 121 (1.7 mg, 8%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.086 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 412 [M+H]⁺, ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.02 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 4H), 8.06 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.92-7.94 (m, 2H), 7.67-7.71 (m, 1H), 7.36-7.38 (m, 1H), 6.97-7.04 (m, 4H), 3.03-3.11 (m, 3H), 2.91 (s, 3H), 2.60-2.65 (m, 2H), 1.89-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.64 (m, 1H), 1.48-1.54 (m, 2H).

Example 87 Synthesis of Compound 122

A solution containing 4-tributylstannanyl-pyridazine (78 mg, 0.213 mmol) and compound 1 (35 mg, 0.085 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (6.1 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 125° C. for 45 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (20 mL) and aqueous CsF (4 M, 20 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (15 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by RP-HPLC (basic) to yield compound 122 (3.4 mg, 10%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.009 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 412 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.54-9.63 (m, 1H), 9.27-9.32 (m, 1H), 7.95-8.11 (m, 3H), 7.64-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.13-7.17 (m, 4H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.12-3.25 (m, 3H), 2.72-3.06 (m, 2H), 2.11-2.20 (m, 1H), 1.87-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.58-1.74 (m, 3H).

Example 88 Synthesis of Compound 123

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 123b

A flask was charged with compound 123a (30 g, 147.7 mmol), CH₃CN (250 mL), TMSCN (18 g, 181.5 mmol) and DMAP (0.20 g, 1.7 mmol) in turn. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 4 h. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo (lower than 25° C.) to give crude compound 123b (48.5 g, 101% crude yield) as a yellow oil, which was used directly in next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 123d

To a solution of compound 123b (23.7 g, 78.48 mmol) in anhydrous THF (150 mL) was added LiHMDS (1.0 M in THF, 86.3 mL, 86.3 mmol) dropwise via an addition funnel at −78° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. After 1.5 h, a solution of compound 123c (13.5 g, 86.3 mmol) in anhydrous THF was added dropwise via an addition funnel at −78° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 3 h. 1 N HCl (200 mL) was added via an addition funnel at −78° C. carefully. After that, the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and kept at this temperature overnight. The mixture was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×150 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×200 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether:EtOAc=50:1 to 3:1) to give pure compound 123d (7.8 g, 31.6%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ 7.55-7.65 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.55 (m, 1H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 1H), 2.70-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.50 (m, 4H), 2.05-2.15 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 123e

A suspension of compound 123d (14.5 g, 46 mmol) and t-BuOK (5.6 mg, 50 mmol) in THF (150 mL) was heated at 70° C. for 30 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (150 mL) and water (100 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×100 mL). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (100 mL) and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by chromatography column on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate from 50:1 to 20:1) to afford compound 123e (2.5 g, 20%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 123f

To a mixture of compound 123e (2.5 g, 8.47 mmol) in THF (70 mL) was added NaBH₄ (0.35 g, 9.3 mmol) at −78° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture kept stirring at −78° C. for 15 min. The mixture was quenched by addition of MeOH (1 mL). The solvent was removed to afford crude compound 123f (2.5 g, 100% crude yield) as a yellow solid, which was used directly to the next step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 123g

To a round bottle flask were added compound 123f (2.5 g, 8.4 mmol) and NaH (0.40 g, 16.5 mmol) in THF (70 mL) at 0° C., and then CH₃I (2.4 g, 6.5 mmol) was added. The mixture was warmed to 60° C. and stirred for 5 h. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. and quenched by addition of water (1 mL). The mixture was concentrated, the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=30:1) to afford compound 123g (1.6 g, 62%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 123h

An oven dried three-necked round bottom flask equipped with a condenser was charged with compound 123f (1.45 g, 4.7 mmol), Et₃N (30 mL) and Et₂NH (30 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere. To this solution was added CuI (35 mg, 0.2 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (50 mg, 0.07 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere. The system was degassed once again, then cyclopropyl acetylene (5 mL, excess) was added and the mixture was heated at 60° C. for 15 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was separated between EtOAc (50 mL) and water (30 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL), and the combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=50:1 to 20:1) to afford compound 123h (630 mg, 40% purity) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 123i

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 123h (300 mg, 1 mmol), KCN (130 mg, 2 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (700 mg, 7 mmol) and formamide (20 mL). The mixture was heated at 100° C. for 72 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled and poured over ice. After acidification with concentrated HCl (20 mL), the mixture was filtered to collect the solid, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate (600 mL) and washed with water (2×150 mL). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 123i (170 mg, 35%) as a grey solid, which was used in next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 123j

A suspension of compound 123i (50 mg, 0.14 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (60 mg, 0.15 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (60 mL) was heated at 120° C. for one hour in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 123j (22 mg, 40%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 123k

To a solution of compound 123j (22 mg, 0.058 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (15 mg, 0.1 mmol). After stirring for 5 min, MeI (10 mg, 0.11 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 30° C. for 2 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 123k (10 mg, 40%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 123

A solution of compound 123k (10 mg, 0.024 mmol), NH₄I (75 mg, 0.66 mmol) in a solution of NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 2 h. After cooling, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 123 (0.9 mg, 10%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.35-7.37 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 6.88-6.90 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.25 (m, 4H), 2.24-2.27 (m, 1H), 1.99-2.08 (m, 3H), 1.51-1.68 (m, 4H), 1.42-1.46 (m, 1H), 0.86-0.87 (m, 2H), 0.68-0.69 (m, 2H). LCMS: t_(R)=1.62 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 380.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 89 Synthesis of Compound 124

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 124b

A suspension of compound 124a (250 mg, 0.6 mmol), tributyl-cyclopropylethynyl-stannane (1.3 g, 3 mmol) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (40 mg, 0.06 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (5 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 30 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 124b (99 mg, 40%) as a yellow oil.

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 124c

A solution of compound 124b (95 mg, 0.25 mmol) and Pd/C (10 mg) in EtOAc (10 mL) was stirred at 25° C. under H₂ (10 psi) atmosphere for 5 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 124c (77 mg, 80%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 124d

A suspension of compound 124c (30 mg, 0.078 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (30 mg, 0.085 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (1 mL) was heated under 130° C. for 30 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 124d (16 mg, 50%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 124

A solution of compound 124d (16 mg, 0.04 mmol), t-BuOOH (0.5 mL), NH₃.H₂O (0.5 mL) in EtOH (2 mL) was stirred at 25° C. for 10 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 124 (9 mg, 60%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.15-7.20 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.05-7.10 (s, 1H), 6.80-6.85 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.25 (m, 1H), 3.15-3.20 (s, 3H), 2.60-2.70 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.30 (m, 1H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.60-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.40-1.55 (m, 3H), 0.60-0.70 (m, 1H), 0.35-0.45 (m, 2H), 0.05-0.10 (m, 2H). LCMS: t_(R)=1.86 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=384.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 90 Synthesis of Compound 125

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 125b

To a solution of compound 125a (190 mg, 0.5 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (138 mg, 1.0 mmol) and MeI (73.5 mg, 0.5 mmol), the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. H₂O (10 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 125b (170 mg, 86%) as a yellow solid. which was used in next step without further purification. LCMS: t_(R)=1.215 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=397 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 125c

To a solution of compound 125b (170 mg, 0.43 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (5 mL) was added Lawesson's Reagent (173.8 mg, 0.43 mmol) under N₂, the mixture was stirred at 130° C. for 30 min in microwave, the solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc=3:1 to afford compound 125c (110 mg, 62%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.345 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=411 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 125

To a solution of compound 125c (110 mg, 0.26 mmol) in EtOH (10 mL) was added t-BuOOH (1 mL) and NH₃—H₂O (3 mL) under N₂, the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with dichloromethane:methanol=10:1 to afford compound 125 (60 mg, 57%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.018 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=394.0 [M+H]⁺.

Example 91 Synthesis of Compound 126

To a solution of compound 125 (20 mg, 0.05 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) was added compound 126A (11.1 mg, 0.076 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.2 mL) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) under nitrogen, the mixture was stirred at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min, LCMS showed the complete consumption of compound 125. Water (2 mL) was added and the precipitate was filtered off through a pad of celite, and was washed with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The combined organic fractions were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with dichloromethane:methanol=10:1 followed by preparative HPLC to afford compound 126 (3.0 mg, 15%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.67 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.61 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.33 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H) 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.33-3.27 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.15 (s, 3H), 2.32-2.29 (m, 1H), 2.29-2.05 (m, 3H), 1.71-1.56 (m, 4H). LCMS: t_(R)=1.018 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=394.0 [M+H]⁺.

Example 92 Synthesis of Compound 127

A suspension of compound 125 (10 mg, 0.03 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (7 mg, 0.03 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (1 mg, 0.003 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.1 mL, 2 N in water) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) was heated under 120° C. for 15 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 127 (5.8 mg, 60%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.98-8.05 (s, 1H), 7.95-8.00 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.80 (m, 4H), 7.05-7.10 (s, 1H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.35 (m, 4H), 2.20-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.55-1.80 (m, 4H). LCMS: t_(R)=1.60 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=416 [M+H]⁺.

Example 93 Synthesis of Compound 128

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 128a

To a solution of compound 125 (45 mg, 0.11 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added (Boc)₂O (50 mg, 0.23 mmol) and DMAP (2 mg, 0.011 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 30° C. for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 128a (46 mg, 70%) as a colorless oil.

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 128b

To a solution of compound 128a (10 mg, 0.02 mmol) in EtOAc (3 mL) was added Pd/C (2 mg). The reaction mixture was stirred at 30° C. at H₂ atmosphere (1 atm) condition overnight. The mixture was filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give compound 128b (10 mg, 100% crude yield) as a colorless oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 128

To a solution of compound 128b (10 mg, 0.024 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) was added TFA (1 mL). After stirring for 10 min, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 128 (1.6 mg, 20%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.35-7.40 (t, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.30 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.55 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 4H), 2.20-2.30 (m, 1H), 1.95-2.05 (m, 3H), 1.50-1.75 (m, 4H). LCMS: t_(R)=0.792 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=316.1 [M+H]⁺

Example 94 Synthesis of Compound 129

Synthesized by a route analogously to compound 126 from compound 125 (20 mg, 0.05 mol) and purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1 to give compound 129 (2.5 mg, 11%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.67 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.33-3.27 (m, 1H), 3.27-3.15 (s, 3H), 2.40-2.29 (m, 1H), 2.27-2.05 (m, 3H), 1.70-1.56 (m, 4H). LCMS: t_(R)=1.116 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=422.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 95 Synthesis of Compound 130

Synthesized by a route analogously to compound 126 from compound 125 (20 mg, 0.05 mol) and purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with dichloromethane:methanol=10: 1 followed by preparative HPLC to afford compound 130 (2.1 mg, 11%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.91 (s, 1H), 8.70 (s, 1H), 8.38 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 7.16 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.34-3.27 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.15 (s, 3H), 2.45-2.24 (m, 1H), 2.25-2.06 (m, 3H), 1.72-1.57 (m, 4H); LCMS: t_(R)=0.846 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=393.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 96 Synthesis of Compound 131

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 131b

A suspension of compound 131a (270 mg, 0.68 mmol), compound 131A (190 mg, 0.75 mmol), PdCl₂(dppf) (60 mg, 0.08 mmol) and KOAc (200 mg, 2 mmol) in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (5 mL) was heated at 100° C. for 60 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 131b (300 mg, yield 88%, 67% purity) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 131c

To a solution of compound 131b (300 mg, 0.7 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added AcOH (1 mL) and H₂O₂ (3 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 30° C. for 10 h. The mixture was quenched with saturated NaHSO₃ (6 mL) and then balanced between EtOAc (20 mL×2) and water (10 mL). The organic layers were collected and concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1: 2) to give compound 131c (123 mg, 40% for two steps) as a colorless oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 131d

To a solution of compound 131c (30 mg, 0.09 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (8 mL) was added phenyl boronic acid (14 mg, 0.11 mmol), Cu(OAc)₂ (36 mg, 0.18 mmol) and EtN₃ (18 mg, 0.18 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred in the open air at 30° C. for 10 h. The precipitate was filtered off and washed with ethyl acetate (10 mL×2), the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 131d (15 mg, 50%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 131e

A suspension of compound 131d (13 mg, 0.03 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (14 mg, 0.03 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (1 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 40 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) to give compound 131e (8 mg, 65%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 131

A solution of compound 131e (8 mg, 0.02 mmol), t-BuOOH (0.2 mL), NH₃—H₂O (0.3 mL) in EtOH (2 mL) was stirred at 30° C. for 10 h. Then, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 131 (2.0 mg, 25%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.35-7.45 (m, 2H,), 7.00-7.10 (m, 1H), 6.85-6.95 (m, 4H), 6.63 (s, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 1H), 3.08 (s, 3H), 2.25-2.30 (m, 1H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.45-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.30-1.45 (m, 1H). LCMS: t_(R)=1.66 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=408.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 97 Synthesis of Compound 132

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 132b

To a solution of compound 132a (35 mg, 0.1 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (40 mg, 0.3 mmol). After stirring for 5 min, bromomethyl-cyclopropane (20 mg, 0.12 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 10 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 132b (13 mg, 35%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 132c

A suspension of compound 132b (13 mg, 0.03 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (13 mg, 0.04 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (1 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 40 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 132c (7 mg, 45%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 132

A solution of compound 132c (7 mg, 0.017 mmol), t-BuOOH (0.5 mL), NH₃.H₂O (0.5 mL) in EtOH (2 mL) was stirred at 30° C. for 10 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuum to give the residue, which was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 132 (2.9 mg, 40%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 6.60-6.75 (m, 2H), 6.40-6.45 (s, 1H), 3.50-3.55 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.20-3.30 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.15 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.00 (s, 3H), 2.05-2.10 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 1H), 1.80-1.90 (m, 3H), 1.40-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.15-1.30 (m, 2H), 1.00-1.10 (m, 1H), 0.40-0.50 (m, 2H), 0.15-0.25 (m, 2H). LCMS: t_(R)=1.56 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=386.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 98 Synthesis of Compound 133

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 133b

To a solution of compound 133a (35 mg, 0.1 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (40 mg, 0.3 mmol). After stirring for 5 min, trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid 2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl ester (23 mg, 0.13 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 10 h. The mixture was filtered and filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 133b (14 mg, 35%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 133c

A suspension of compound 133b (14 mg, 0.03 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (14 mg, 0.03 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (1 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 40 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 133c (8 mg, 55%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 133

A solution of compound 133c (8 mg, 0.018 mmol), t-BuOOH (0.5 mL), NH₃.H₂O (0.5 mL) in EtOH (1 mL) was stirred at 30° C. for 10 h. Then, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 133 (7.0 mg, 75%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 6.75-6.85 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.65-6.70 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.55-6.60 (s, 1H), 4.25-4.35 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.30 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.15 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.00 (s, 3H), 2.05-2.10 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 1H), 1.80-1.95 (m, 3H), 1.40-1.60 (m, 3H), 1.15-1.30 (m, 1H). LCMS: t_(R)=1.57 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=415.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example I-0 Synthesis of (1r,4r)-6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one A. Synthesis of 6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione (4) Method 1

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

Under N₂, triton B (benzyl(tri-methyl)-ammonium hydroxide, 40% in MeOH, 2.48 mL) was added to a solution of 6-bromo-indan-1-one (1) (26.1 g, 0.124 mol) in toluene (200 mL), and the mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 10 minutes. Acrylic methyl ester (31 mL, 0.286 mol) was added at 50° C., and the mixture was stirred at 50° C. overnight. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was poured into water (150 mL), and extracted with DCM (100 mL×4). The combined organic phases were dried over Na₂SO₄, and evaporated, and purified by column chromatography on silica gel (PE/EA=10:1) to give compound 2 (39 g, 83%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.75-7.81 (s, 1H), 7.55-7.58 (d, 1H), 7.22-7.28 (d, 1H), 3.51-3.55 (s, 3H), 2.85-2.99 (s, 2H), 2.10-2.25 (m, 4H), 1.80-1.95 (m, 4H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A solution of compound 2 (34 g, 88.7 mmol) in toluene (400 mL) was added dropwise to a flask containing Na (2.24 g, 97.6 mmol) and dry toluene (100 mL) at refluxing at 120° C. The reaction mixture was heated at 120° C. for 28 hours, cooled to room temperature, and poured into a mixture H₂O (370 mL) and 4N HCl solution (37 mL) to afford a white suspension. This mixture was extracted with AcOEt (100 mL×4), evaporated, and purified by column chromatography on silica gel (PE/EA=10:1) to give compound 3 (22.11 g, 71%) as white solid. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400 MHZ): δ12.1 (s, 1H), 7.82-7.85 (s, 1H), 7.61-7.65 (d, 1H), 7.22-7.25 (d, 1H), 3.60-3.65 (s, 3H), 2.91-2.85 (d, 2H), 2.35-2.50 (m, 3H), 2.10-2.15 (d, 1H), 1.90-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.52 (m, 1H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a suspension of compound 3 (22.1 g, 63.0 mmol) in MeOH (221 mL) was added a solution of NaOH (10.20 g, 0.255 mol) in H₂O (331 mL) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuo, and extracted with DCM (250 mL×3). The combined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to afford compound 4 (15.33 g, 83%) as a white solid, which was used for the next step directly without purification. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.60-7.71 (d, 1H), 7.25-7.36 (d, 1H), 3.11 (s, 2H), 2.60-2.71 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.46 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.23 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.87 (m, 2H).

Note: 1. this reaction was completed under reflux at 120° C. (oil bath) for 2 h. 2. Compound 3 couldn't be dissolved in MeOH completely, which didn't affect the reaction.

After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was a suspension.

B. Synthesis of 6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione (4) Method 2

To a solution of compound 1 (20 g, 95 mmol) and methyl acrylate (18 g, 201 mmol) in anhydrous THF (200 mL) was added t-BuOK (16 g, 114 mmol) portionwise at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Water (400 mL) and KOH (5.32 g, 95 mmol) were added. The resulting mixture was heated to reflux overnight. 3 N HCl (150 mL) was added and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (500 mL×2). The organic layers were washed with NaHCO₃ (150 mL), brine (150 mL) and dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated in vacuo to give compound 4 as a grey solid (23 g, 83% yield), which was used for next step without purification. ¹H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.60-7.71 (d, 1H), 7.25-7.36 (d, 1H), 3.11 (s, 2H), 2.60-2.71 (m, 2H), 2.35-2.46 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.23 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.87 (m, 2H).

C. Synthesis of (1r,4r)-6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (6)

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4 (3′H)-dione (4) (19 g, 62.9 mmol, 97% purity in HPLC) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (600 mL) and was cooled to −78° C. NaBH₄ (0.951 g, 25.1 mmol) was added portionwise to the reaction mixture at −78° C. No more than 5 min, TLC (Hexane:EtOAc=1:1) showed the starting material 4 was consumed. CH₃OH (140 mL) and EtOAc (280 mL) was added and the resulting mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. Water (280 mL) was added and the solution was concentrated in vacuo to remove THF and CH₃OH. EtOAc (200 mL) was added to dissolve the residue. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (600 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give the mixture of compound 5 and compound 5A (21 g), which was used for the next step without purification.

Procedure for preparation of (1r,4r)-6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one

The mixture of compound 5 and compound 5A (21 g, 71.1 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (300 mL) and was cooled to 0° C. NaH (11.38 g, 474 mmol, 60% in mineral oil) was added portionwise to the reaction mixture at 0° C. After being stirred for 15 min at the same temperature, MeI (121.2 g, 854 mmol) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h and stirred at room temperature overnight. TLC (Hexane:EtOAc=5:1) showed the starting material was consumed. EtOH (200 mL) and brine (400 mL) was added. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×200 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give crude product (31 g), which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (Hexane:EtOAc=100:1˜30:1) to give pure 1r,4r)-6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (6) (9.43 g, 62%) as a yellowish solid. LCMS: t_(R)=4.749 min in 7 min chromatography MS (ESI) m/z 309.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.27 (m, 1H), 2.97 (s, 2H), 2.16 (m, 2H), 1.76 (m, 2H), 1.52 (m, 2H), 1.36 (m, 2H).

Example I-1 Synthesis of hydantoin-Method 1

To a solution of compound I-1 (3.1 g, 10 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (100 mL) was added TiCl₄ (22 mL, 22 mmol, 1 M in CH₂Cl₂) under a nitrogen atmosphere. After stirring at room temperature for 1 h, bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (4.5 mL, 20 mmol) was added. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Then the mixture was poured into ˜200 g crashed ice, the organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH2Cl2, the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous MgSO4, filtered and evaporated, the crude product was used directly for the next step without purification. The crude product of compound I-2 (3.3 g, 10 mmol), KCN (2.6 g, 40 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (9.7 g, 100 mmol) were dissolved in EtOH (20 mL) and H₂O (20 mL). After heated at 75° C. in a steel autoclave overnight, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into H₂O. The precipitate was collected by filtration then washed with H₂O and EtOH. The yellow solid obtained was dried under vacuum and used in next step directly without purification.

Example I-2 Synthesis of Acylguanidine I-6

Procedure for Preparation of Hydantoin I-3 Method 2

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of 6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (700 mg, 2.27 mmol), KCN (294 mg, 4.53 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (1.63 g, 16.98 mmol) and formamide (25 mL). The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 72 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled and poured over ice. After acidification with concentrated HCl (30 mL), the mixture was filtrated to collect the solid, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate (600 mL) and washed with water (2×150 mL). The combined organic phase was dried and concentrated to give compound I-3 (550 mg, 61%) as a white solid, which was used for the next step without purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 3.33 (m, 3H), 3.05-3.21 (m, 2H), 2.92 (s, 1H), 1.91-2.26 (m, 3H), 1.67 (m, 2H), 1.43 (m, 1H), 1.33 (m, 2H), 1.21 (m, 3H), 0.80 (m, 1H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-4

A suspension of compound I-3 (1 g, 2.64 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (1.68 g, 2.64 mmol) in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (18 mL) was heated at 150° C. for 35 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column (petroleum ether:EtOAc=8:1 to 5:1) to give compound I-4 as a yellow solid (390 mg, 37%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-5

To a solution of compound I-4 (300 mg, 0.76 mmol) in CH₃CN (20 mL) was added a solution of K₂CO₃ (423 mg, 3.04 mmol) and MeI (447 mg, 3.04 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 10 min in a CEM microwave reactor. Then MeI (447 mg, 3.04 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for another 10 min. The solution was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:EtOAc=10:1) to afford compound I-5 (151 mg, 47%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.28 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.16-2.91 (m, 6H), 2.59 (s, 3H), 1.99-1.78 (m, 3H), 1.67 (t, 1H), 1.49 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.27 (m, 1H), 1.08 (m, 1H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-6

A solution of compound I-5 (45 mg, 0.10 mmol), NH₄I (78 mg, 0.53 mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (5 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEM tube in a microwave reactor for 3 h. After cooling, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂, filtrated and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give compound I-6 (25 mg, 60%) as a white solid, which was used for the next step without purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.53 (m, 1H), 7.22 (m, 2H), 3.39 (m, 6H), 3.15 (4, 2H), 2.96 (s, 3H), 2.55 (s, 2H), 2.11 (m, 4H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 1.55 (m, 3H), 1.42 (m, 4H).

Example 99 Synthesis of Compound 134

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 134b

To a solution of compound 134a (1.2 g, 3.88 mmol) in HCONH₂ (15 mL) was added KCN (0.52 g, 7.76 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (3.68 g, 38.8 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred in a steel autoclave at 90° C. for 72 h. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was then cooled and poured into ice water (25 mL). After acidification with concentrated HCl (5 mL), the mixture was filtrated to give the solid product (0.9 g yield 62%), which was used for the next step without purification. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆ 400 MHz): δ 10.75 (s, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H), 7.48 (d, 1H), 7.25 (dd, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.09 (s, 1H), 2.95 (s, 1H), 2.81 (d, 1H), 1.97 (d, 1H), 1.80 (m, 2H), 1.42 (m, 3H), 1.15 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 134c

To a solution of compound 134b (200 mg, 0.52 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added ethyl bromide (60 mg, 0.56 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (72 mg, 0.8 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. The solution was extracted with EtOAc (2×15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative TLC to give compound 134c (140 mg, 66%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 134d

To a solution of compound 134c (40 mg, 0.10 mmol) and Lawesson's reagent (40 mg, 0.10 mmol) in anhydrous dioxane (5 mL) was stirred in microwave at 150° C. for 50 min. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative TLC to give compound 134d (12 mg, 29%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.39 (d, 1H), 7.15 (d, 1H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 3.75 (m, 3H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.08 (s, 1H), 2.95 (s, 1H), 1.97 (m, 3H), 1.25 (m, 8H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 134e

To a solution of compound 134d (20 mg, 0.047 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) and NH₃.H₂O(1 mL) was added t-BuOOH (0.4 g, 65 wt % in water). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and water was added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 134e (15.3 mg, 80%) as solid, which was used for the next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 134

To a solution of compound 134e (36 mg, 0.089 mmol) and compound 134A (16.4 mg, 0.133 mmol) in anhydrous dioxane (5 mL) was added CS₂CO₃ (0.7 mL, 2 mol/L) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (0.36 mg) under nitrogen. The mixture was stirred in microwave at 120° C. for 15 min. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and RP-HPLC to give compound 134 (4.7 mg, 13%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.866 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 405.2 [MH+]; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.1 (s, 1H), 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.62 (d, 1H), 7.95 (t, 1H), 7.81 (d, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.60 (d, 1H), 3.75 (m, 2H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.31 (s, 1H), 3.25 (m, 2H), 2.12 (m, 2H), 1.95 (d, 1H), 1.48 (m, 5H), 1.25 (t, 3H).

Example 100 Synthesis of Compound 135

According to a similar synthesis of compound 134, compound 134e (25 mg, 0.06 mmol) was reacted with 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (10 mg, 0.08 mmol) to give compound 135 (7.6 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.63 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 429 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.9 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.6 (m, 2H), 7.55 (m, 1H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.40 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.20 (m, 3H), 1.95-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.15-1.55 (m, 8H).

Example 101 Synthesis of Compound 136

According to a similar synthesis of compound 134, compound 134e (25 mg, 0.06 mmol) was coupled with 3-chlorophenylboronic acid (10 mg, 0.08 mmol) to give compound 136 (7.1 mg, 28%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.73 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 439.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHZ): δ 7.55-7.72 (m, 2H), 7.43-7.45 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.36-7.38 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 7.31-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.70-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.20 (m, 3H), 1.93-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.21-1.38 (m, 5H), 1.12-1.19 (m, 3H).

Example 102 Synthesis of Compound 137

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 137c

To a solution of compound 137a (30 mg, 0.077 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (42.9 mg, 0.31 mmol) and compound 137b (48.4 mg, 0.31 mmol), the reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 10 min and at 100° C. for another 10 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc=3:1 to give compound 137c (20 mg, 59%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.511 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=442.3 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 137

A solution of compound 137c (20 mg, 0.045 mmol), NH₄I (54.9 mg, 0.45 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 3 h. After being cooled, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with dichloromethane:methanol=10:1 and preparative HPLC to give compound 137 (4.60 mg 25%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.864 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 398.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.30 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.6 (s, 1H), 3.79 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.63 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.11 (m, 1H), 3.10-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.1-1.9 (m, 2H), 1.9-1.8 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.56 (m, 1H), 1.51-1.32 (m, 2H), 1.32-1.25 (m, 3H), 1.22-1.15 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 3H), 0.70-0.50 (m, 2H), 0.41-0.22 (m, 2H).

Example 103 Synthesis of Compound 138

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 138b

To a solution of compound 138a (45 mg, 0.12 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (50 mg, 0.36 mmol) and EtBr (33 mg, 0.3 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 10 h. The mixture was filtered and filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=4:1) to give compound 138b (40 mg, 80%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 138

A suspension of compound 138b (40 mg, 0.09 mmol) and NH₄I (100 mg, 0.7 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (3 mL) was heated under 120° C. for 3 h in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂:CH₃OH=20:1) to give compound 138 (29 mg, 70%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.65 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 392.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHZ): δ 7.11-7.18 (m, 2H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 3.48-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.21-3.28 (m, 3H), 3.02-3.06 (m, 1H), 2.93 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.97 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.41-1.49 (m, 1H), 1.15-1.40 (m, 5H), 1.05-1.10 (m, 3H), 0.72-0.78 (m, 2H), 0.54-0.61 (m, 2H).

Example 104 Synthesis of Compound 139

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 139a

To a solution of compound 139A (300 mg, 0.8 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (140 mg, 1 mmol) and BnBr (150 mg, 0.9 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 10 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 139a (270 mg, 73%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 2

A suspension of compound 139a (260 mg, 0.55 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (250 mg, 0.61 mmol) in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (6 mL) was heated at 150° C. for 180 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂:CH₃OH=15:1) to give compound 139b (122 mg, 46%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 139c

A solution of compound 139b (120 mg, 0.25 mmol), t-BuOOH (450 mg, 5 mmol), NH₃.H₂O (1 mL) in EtOH (4 mL) was stirred at 20° C. for 10 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂:CH₃OH=12:1) to give compound 139c (37 mg, 31%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 139

A suspension of compound 139c (35 mg, 0.07 mmol), pyridine-3-boronic acid (10 mg, 0.09 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.1 mL, 2 N in water) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) was heated under 120° C. for 15 min in CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 139 (11 mg, 31%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.42 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 467 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.85 (s, 1H), 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.30-8.40 (m, 1H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.35 (m, 5H), 4.84-4.90 (m, 2H), 3.29-3.37 (m, 3H), 3.02-3.19 (m, 3H), 1.85-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.65 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.42 (m, 3H), 1.10-1.30 (m, 2H).

Example 105 Synthesis of Compound 140

According to a similar synthesis of compound 139, compound 139c (15 mg, 0.032 mmol) was coupled with compound 140A (10 mg, 0.064 mmol) to give compound 140 (4.5 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.997 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=485 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.50 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.93 (m, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J=2.4, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (m, 2H), 7.38 (m, 5H), 4.96 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.29 (m, 2H), 3.23 (m, 1H), 2.01 (m, 3H), 1.79 (m, 1H), 1.46 (m, 3H), 1.31 (m, 2H).

Example 106 Synthesis of Compound 141

A suspension of compound 139c (10 mg, 0.02 mmol), 5-tributylstannanyl-thiazole (4 mg, 0.1 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (2 mg, 0.003 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 30 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 141 (2.5 mg, 25%) as a white solid.

LCMS: t_(R)=1.79 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 473 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.0 (s, 1H), 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.70-7.72 (dd, J=1.6, 9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.50-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.36-7.43 (m, 5H), 4.95 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.14-3.26 (m, 3H), 1.96 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.45-1.48 (m, 3H), 1.25-1.33 (m, 2H).

Example 107 Synthesis of Compound 142

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 142b

To a solution of compound 142a (45 mg, 0.12 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (50 mg, 0.36 mmol) and BnBr (50 mg, 0.3 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) to give compound 142b (70 mg, 95%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 142

A suspension of compound 142b (70 mg, 0.125 mmol) and NH₄I (145 mg, 1 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (4 mL) was heated under 120° C. for 3 h in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 142 (15.4 mg, 45%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.72 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 454.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.30-7.44 (m 7H), 7.16 (s, 1H), 4.92 (s, 2H), 3.32-3.39 (m, 3H), 3.08-3.19 (m, 3H), 1.99 (m, 2H), 2.76 (m, 1H), 1.41-1.49 (m, 4H), 1.25-1.35 (m, 2H), 0.85-0.94 (m, 2H), 0.69-0.74 (m, 2H).

Example 108 Synthesis of Compounds 142, 143 and 144

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 143b

To a solution of compound 143a (1.5 g, 2.74 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (756 mg, 5.48 mmol) and compound 143A (465 mg, 2.74 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The solution was added water (100 mL), the mixture was filtered to collect the solid and dried in vacuo to give compound 143b (0.7 g, 38%) as a white solid, which was used in next step directly.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 143c

To a solution of compound 143b (470 mg, 1.0 mmol) in toluene (16 mL) was added compound 143B (1.0 mL, 2.0 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (20 mg) under nitrogen. The mixture was stirred at 135° C. for 45 min in microwave. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue. The residue was partitioned by EtOAc (50 mL) and aqueous CsF (4M, 50 mL). The separated aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×50 mL), the combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×50 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to dryness. Purification of this residue by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1) afforded compound 143c (400 mg, 61.4%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 143d

To solution of compound 143c (400 mg, 0.88 mmol) and Lawesson'reagent (356 mg, 0.88 mmol) in toluene (20 mL) was heated under 130° C. for 30 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was cooled, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1 to give compound 143d (180 mg, 43.4%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 142

To a solution of compound 143d (180 mg, 0.382 mmol) in a mixture of MeOH (25 mL) and NH₄OH (5 mL) was added t-BuOOH (690 mg, 7.65 mmol, 65% in water). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and was concentrated in vacuo. Water (15 mL) was added, the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The combined organic layer were dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue which was purified by HPLC to give compound 142 (120 mg, 68%) as a white solid, which was purified by prep-SFC to give compound 143 (25 mg, 21%); LC-MS: t_(R)=1.102 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 453, 454 [M+H]⁺; SFC:ee=99.7%; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.35 (m, 7H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 4.74 (s, 2H), 4.62 (s, 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.09 (m, 3H), 1.96 (m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.60 (m, 1H), 1.45 (m, 1H), 1.38 (m, 2H), 1.24 (m, 2H), 0.88 (m, 2H), 0.72 (m, 2H). And compound 144 (40 mg, 33%); LC-MS: t_(R)=1.104 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 453, 454 [M+H]⁺; SFC ee=99.0%; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.21 (m, 7H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 4.75 (m, 2H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 3.01 (m, 3H), 1.86 (m, 2H), 1.65 (m, 1H), 1.33 (m, 4H), 1.18 (m, 2H), 0.77 (m, 2H), 0.60 (m, 2H).

Example 109 Synthesis of Compound 145

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 145a

An oven dried three-necked round bottom flask equipped with condenser was charged with 6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (145A) (500 mg, 1.62 mmol), Et₃N (40 mL) and Et₂NH (8 mL) under N₂ atmosphere. To this solution was added CuI (60 mg, 0.3 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (115 mg, 0.16 mmol). The system was degassed once again, then ethynylbenzene (145B) (1.65 g, excess) was added and the mixture was heated to 80° C. (oil bath) for 12 h. The reaction was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was partitioned between EtOAc (50 mL) and water (30 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL), and the combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 5%-20% EtOAc in hexane to afford compound 145a (0.5 g, 93%) as a brown oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 145b

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 145a (500 mg, 1.5 mmol), KCN (200 mg, 3.0 mmol), and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (1.1 g, 11.3 mmol), formamide (15 mL) was added. The mixture was heated at 100° C. for 72 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled and poured over ice. After acidification with concentrated HCl (20 mL), the mixture was filtrated to give the solid, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate (600 mL) and washed with water (150 mL) for 2 times. The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with 10%-33% EtOAc in hexane to afford compound 145b (0.1 g, 82%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of the Compound 145c

A suspension of compound 145b (100 mg, 0.25 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (101 mg, 0.25 mmol) in dry 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) was heated under 150° C. for 35 min in CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 145c (50 mg, 80%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 145d

To a solution of compound 145c (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) in CH₃CN (3.0 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (67 mg, 0.48 mmol). After stirring for 5 min, MeI (68 mg, 0.48 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 10 min in microwave and then at 100° C. for another 10 min. The mixture was filtered and filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 145d (50 mg, 80%) as a brown oil, which was used for the next step directly without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 145

A solution of compound 145d (50 mg, 0.113 mmol), NH₄I (164 mg, 1.13 mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (5 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEM tube under microwave reactor for 3.5 h. After cooling, the mixture was concentrated under vacuum to give the residue, which was purified by pre-HPLC (basic) to give compound 145 (3.7 mg, 3%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.162 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 414.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.51-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.50 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (m, 3H), 7.30 (m, 2H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.3 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 3.2-3.15 (m, 1H), 3.14 (s, 3H), 3.1 (s, 1H), 1.86-2.1 (m, 3H), 1.3-1.5 (m, 3H).

Example 110 Synthesis of Compound 146

Applying the same reaction sequence as compound 145, compound 146a (0.5 g, 1.61 mmol) was coupled with 3,3-Dimethyl-but-1-yne (146A) (3 mL, excess) to afford compound 146b (300 mg, 50%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.28 (m, 1H), 2.95 (s, 2H), 2.07 (m, 2H), 1.68 (m, 2H), 1.43 (m, 2H), 1.33 (m, 2H), 1.24 (s, 9H).

Compound 146b (300 mg, 0.96 mmol) then condensed to hydantoin 146c (100 mg, 27%) as a white solid, ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.27 (s, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.29 (s, 3H), 3.07 (m, 1H), 2.95 (s, 2H), 2.07 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, 2H), 1.68 (m, 2H), 1.35 (m, 2H), 1.24 (s, 9H).

Hydantoin 146c (80 mg, 0.21 mmol) reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (85 mg, 0.21 mmol) in dry 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) to afford compound 146d (42 mg, 50%) as a white solid, which was methylated to give compound 146e (30 mg, 66%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.31 (s, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.26 (m, 1H), 3.21 (m, 2H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 2.59 (s, 3H), 1.77-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.99 (m, 2H), 1.26-1.31 (m, 2H), 1.31-1.41 (m, 2H), 1.26 (s, 9H).

Finally, compound 146e (30 mg, 0.073 mmol) was converted to compound 146 (1.7 mg, 6%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.271 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 394 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.14 (d, J=8 Hz, 2H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.24 (m, 1H), 2.96 (s, 3H), 2.78 (s, 2H) 1.83-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.72 (m, 2H), 1.28-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.18 (s, 9H).

Example 111 Synthesis of Compound 147

According to a similar synthesis of compound 145, compound 147a (500 mg, 1.6234 mmol) was coupled with compound 147A (11.2 g, 56.08 mmol) to afford compound 147b (370 mg, 71%) as a white solid. Compound 147b (370 mg, 1.1491 mmol) was then condensed to hydantoin 147c (100 mg, 23%) as a white solid.

Hydantoin 147c (50 mg, 0.1276 mmol) then was reacted with Lawessons reagent (58 mg, 0.1531 mmol) to give compound 147d (35 mg, 34%), which was methylated to give compound 147e (27 mg, 72%) as a white solid.

Finally, compound 147e (27 mg, 0.06193 mmol) was converted to compound 147 (13.0 mg, 52%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.036 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 405.9 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.36 (m, 2H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 8.11 (m, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.23-3.07 (m, 6H), 3.79-3.88 (m, 1H), 1.94-2.14 (m, 4H), 1.56-1.93 (m, 7H), 1.23-1.55 (m, 5H).

Example 112 Synthesis of Compound 148

To a 25 mL round bottom flask was placed the alkyne 148a (6 mg, 0.016 mmol) and it was dissolved in MeOH (2 mL). To this solution was added Pd/C (<1 mg) and a ballon containing H₂ was attached to the flask. The reaction atmosphere was flushed twice with H₂ and then allowed to stir at room temperature for 20 minutes. The reaction was filtered through Celite and the filtrate concentrated under reduce pressure. The crude material was purified on a HPLC (Gilson, 10-90% MeOH/H₂O with 0.1% TFA as the eluent). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated yielding the final product compound 148 (2.7 mg, 0.007 mmol, 44% yield). LCMS: M+H=382.1; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ 7.26-7.21 (m, 2H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.12 (m, 2H), 2.70 (m, 2H), 1.99-1.83 (m, 3H), 1.47-1.28 (m, 9H), 0.67 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H) ppm.

Example 113 Synthesis of Compound 149

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 149b

A mixture containing compound 149a and compound 149A (4 g, 13.6 mmol, 60% purity) in CH₃CN (40 mL) was added Ag₂O (9.5 g, 40.8 mmol) and MgSO₄ (10 g) at room temperature. After the mixture was stirred for 10 min at room temperature, EtI (42 g, 172 mmol) was added dropwise to the former solution. The reaction mixture was heated overnight at 40° C. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to afford crude compound 2, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with Hexane:EtOAc=30:1 to 5:1 to give compound 149b (0.81 g, 40%) as yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.75-7.81 (s, 1H), 7.50-7.55 (d, 1H), 7.25-7.28 (m, 1H), 3.46-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.90 (s, 2H), 2.00-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.55-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.40 (m, 4H), 1.10-1.19 (t, 3H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 149

According to a similar synthesis of compound 145, compound 149b (0.8 g, 2.48 mmol) was coupled compound 149B (2 mL, excessive) under a nitrogen atmosphere to give compound 149c (0.51 g, 67%) as a brown solid. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.67 (s, 1H), 7.52-7.49 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.53-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.32-3.25 (m, 1H), 2.93 (s, 2H), 2.11-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.27 (m, 5H), 1.17-1.12 (m, 3H), 0.83 (m, 2H), 0.74 (m, 2H).

Compound 149c (0.51 g, 1.65 mmol) was then condensed to hydantoin 149d (160 mg, 25%) as a gray solid. ¹H NMR: (DMSO-d₆ 400 MHz): δ 10.75 (s, 1H), 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.24 (m, 2H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 3.43-3.39 (m, 2H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 2.99-2.86 (m, 2H), 1.97 (m, 1H), 1.78 (m, 2H), 1.49 (m, 1H), 1.36-1.14 (m, 5H), 1.07-1.02 (m, 3H), 0.87-0.82 (m, 2H), 0.73-0.68 (m, 2H).

And Compound 149d (130 mg, 0.34 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's reagent (139 mg, 0.34 mmol) in toluene (8 mL) to give compound 149e (100 mg, 74%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 3.48-3.43 (m, 2H), 3.18-3.13 (m, 1H), 3.09-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.10 (s, 1H), 2.01-1.89 (m, 3H), 1.40-1.23 (m, 5H), 1.13 (m, 3H), 0.80 (m, 2H), 0.72 (m, 2H).

Compound 149e (100 mg, 0.25 mmol) was dimethylated with MeI (2 mL, excessive) to give compound 149f (85 mg, 79%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.18 (d, J=10 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (s, 1H), 3.46-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.16-3.09 (m, 2H), 2.99-2.95 (m, 1H), 2.93 (s, 3H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 1.92-1.78 (m, 3H), 1.65 (m, 1H), 1.50 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.17 (m, 4H), 1.13-1.06 (m, 4H), 0.77-0.74 (m, 2H), 0.72-0.66 (m, 2H).

Finally, compound 149f (30 mg, 0.071 mmol) was converted to compound 149 (8 mg, 29%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.124 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 392.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.13 (m, 2H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 3.48-3.43 (m, 2H), 3.15-3.12 (m, 1H), 3.03-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.93 (s, 3H), 1.91-1.82 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.71 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.45 (m, 1H), 1.36-1.15 (m, 5H), 1.12-1.06 (m, 3H), 0.79-0.76 (m, 2H), 0.63-0.57 (m, 2H).

Example 114 Synthesis of Compounds 150 and 151

According to a similar synthesis of compound 145, compound 150a (0.7 g, 2.38 mmol) was coupled with compound 150A (2 mL, excessive) to give compound 150b (0.53 g, 79%) as a brown solid. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.67 (s, 1H), 7.52-7.49 (dd, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.26 (m, 1H), 3.69 (m, 1H), 2.94 (s, 2H), 2.00-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.47 (m, 1H), 1.44-1.31 (m, 5H), 0.86-0.77 (m, 2H), 0.76-0.71 (m, 2H).

Compound 150b (0.53 g, 1.89 mmol) was then condensed to hydantoin 150c (0.27 g, 41%) as a gray solid. ¹H NMR: (DMSO-d₆ 400 MHz): δ 10.74 (s, 1H), 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.27 (m, 2H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 4.58 (m, 1H), 2.99-2.88 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.63 (m, 3H), 1.57-1.45 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.16 (m, 5H), 1.06-0.98 (m, 1H), 0.87-0.86 (m, 2H), 0.77-0.69 (m, 2H).

A mixture of compound 150c (160 mg, 0.46 mmol), TBSCl (104 mg, 0.69 mmol) and imidazol (78 mg, 1.15 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 20 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (15 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified by prep-TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=2:1) to give compound 150d (94 mg, 44%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.36-7.34 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.19 (m, 2H), 3.64-3.51 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.02 (m, 2H), 2.05-1.86 (m, 2H), 1.86-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.55-1.42 (m, 3H), 1.41-1.21 (m, 2H), 0.91 (s, 9H), 0.88-0.86 (m, 2H), 0.85-0.79 (m, 2H), 0.09 (s, 6H).

Then compound 150d (60 mg, 0.129 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's reagent (52 mg, 0.129 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) to give compound 150e (38 mg, 61%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.29-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.09 (m, 2H), 3.49 (m, 1H), 3.06-2.93 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.29 (m, 10H), 0.88-0.76 (m, 11H), 0.75-0.70 (m, 2H), 0.01 (s, 6H).

Compound 150e (40 mg, 0.083 mmol) was dimethylated with MeI (1 mL, excessive) and K₂CO₃ (46 mg, 0.33 mmol) in MeCN (2 mL) to give compound 150f (25 mg, impure), which was converted to compound 150g (20 mg), which was used in next step directly without purification.

Finally, compound 150g (20 mg, 0.042 mmol) in HCl/MeOH (5 N, 5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (basic) to give compound 150 (2.4 mg, 11% for 3 steps), LC-MS: t_(R)=1.025 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 364.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.27-7.21 (m, 2H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 3.49-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.09 (s, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 1.94-1.77 (m, 3H), 1.62-1.24 (m, 7H), 0.91-0.83 (m, 2H), 0.73-0.67 (m, 2H); and compound 151 (2.3 mg, 10% for 3 steps), LC-MS: t_(R)=1.073 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 364.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHZ): δ 7.28-7.21 (m, 2H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 3.95 (m, 1H), 3.15-3.03 (m, 5H), 1.98-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.60 (m, 5H), 1.57-1.39 (m, 2H), 1.12-1.04 (m, 1H), 0.91-0.81 (m, 2H), 0.73-0.68 (m, 2H).

Example 115 Synthesis of Compound 152

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 152b

To a solution of compound 152a (300 mg, 0.8 mmol) in DMF (6 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (220 mg, 0.95 mmol) and 2-iodo-propane (160 mg, 0.9 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 10 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2: 1) to give compound 152b (300 mg, 90%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 152c

A suspension of compound 152b (120 mg, 0.3 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (240 mg, 0.6 mmol) in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (5 mL) was heated at 150° C. for 60 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 152c as a yellow solid (63 mg, 50%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 152

A solution of compound 152c (40 mg, 0.09 mmol), t-BuOOH (180 mg, 1.9 mmol) and NH₃.H₂O (1 mL) in EtOH (4 mL) was stirred at 20° C. for 10 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂:CH₃OH=15:1) to give compound 152 (23 mg, 60%) as a white solid.

Example 116 Synthesis of Compound 153

A suspension of compound 152 (20 mg, 0.05 mmol), 3-chrolophenylboronic acid (10 mg, 0.06 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.1 mL, 2 N in water) in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) was heated under 120° C. for 15 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 153 (7.9 mg, 55%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.79 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 452.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.60-7.67 (d, 2H), 7.50-7.56 (d, 1H), 7.45-7.50 (d, 2H), 7.43-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.35-7.38 (s, 1H), 4.27-4.35 (m, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.14-3.25 (m, 3H), 1.94-2.13 (m, 3H), 1.33-1.53 (m, 11H).

Example 117 Synthesis of Compound 154

According to a similar synthesis of compound 153, compound 152 (10 mg, 0.024 mmol) was coupled with 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (4 mg, 0.024 mmol) to give compound 154 (4.3 mg, 45%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.71 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 443 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.94 (s, 1H), 7.88-7.90 (m, 2H), 7.66-7.70 (m, 1H), 7.57-7.63 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.45 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.28 (m, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.08-3.20 (m, 3H), 1.91-2.08 (m, 3H), 1.64-1.66 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.45 (m, 10H).

Example 118 Synthesis of Compound 155

According to a similar synthesis of compound 153, compound 152 (10 mg, 0.024 mmol) was coupled with 3-trifluoromethyl-5-pyridineboronic acid (6 mg, 0.024 mmol) to give compound 155 (5.3 mg, 52%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.71 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 487 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.04 (s, 1H), 8.86 (s, 1H), 8.55 (s, 2H), 7.66-7.68 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.52 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 4.21-4.26 (m, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.11-3.22 (m, 3H), 1.94-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.61-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.47 (m, 10H).

Example 119 Synthesis of Compound 156

According to a similar synthesis of compound 153, compound 152 (10 mg, 0.024 mmol) was coupled with compound 156A (17 mg, 0.0714 mmol) to give product compound 156 (6 mg, 29%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.977 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 444 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.87 (s, 1H), 8.46 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (m, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.17 (m, 3H), 2.01 (m, 1H), 2.89 (m, 2H), 1.52 (m, 3H), 1.46 (m, 6H), 1.33 (m, 2H).

Example 120 Synthesis of Compound 157

To a solution of compound 152 (20 mg, 0.048 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) was added Pd/C (10 mg). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The solution was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 157 (3.0 mg, 19%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.935 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 342 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.41 (s, 2H), 7.38 (m, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.29 (m, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 3H), 2.17-1.99 (m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.58 (m, 3H), 1.48-1.23 (m, 8H).

Example 121 Synthesis of Compound 158

A suspension of compound 152 (20 mg, 0.048 mmol), CuCN (30 mg, excess) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (8 mg) in dry DMF (2 mL) was heated under 180° C. for 45 min in a CEM microwave reactor. Water (10 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL*3). The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 158 (8.0 mg, 51%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.916 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 367 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.65 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 4.21 (m, 1H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.16 (m, 3H), 2.07 (m, 1H), 2.01-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.66 (m, 1H), 1.43 (m, 3H), 1.38 (m, 4H), 1.34-1.22 (m, 3H).

Example 122 Synthesis of Compound 159

According to a similar synthesis of 153, compound 152 (20 mg, 0.047 mmol) was coupled with compound 159A (12 mg, 0.094 mmol) to give compound 159 (10.6 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.118 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 496 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.95-8.00 (m, 2H), 7.72-7.75 (m, 2H), 7.53-7.57 (m, 2H), 4.29-4.36 (m, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H) 3.26-3.27 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.23 (d, 2H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 2.11-2.14 (m, 1H), 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.94-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.49-1.54 (m, 3H), 1.45-1.49 (m, 6H), 1.31-1.41 (m, 2H).

Example 123 Synthesis of Compound 160

According to a similar synthesis of 153, compound 152 (40 mg, 0.095 mmol) was coupled with compound 160A (30 mg, 0.19 mmol) to give compound 160 (15.0 mg, 35%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.026 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 453 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.41 (d, J=5.2. Hz, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 2H), 7.69 (m, 2H), 7.58 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (m, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.22 (m, 3H), 2.23 (m, 1H), 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.96 (m, 1H), 1.49 (m, 10H), 1.37 (m, 1H).

Example 124 Synthesis of Compounds 161 and 162

According to a similar synthesis of compound 153, compound 152 (200 mg, 0.476 mmol) was coupled with compound 161C (137 mg, 0.714 mmol) to give compound 155 (105 mg, 47%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.164 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 487 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.01 (s, 1H), 8.88 (s, 1H), 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.82-7.58 (m, 3H), 4.33 (m, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.21 (m, 3H), 2.17-1.94 (m, 3H), 1.57 (m, 10H), 1.37 (m, 1H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ −63.915

Compound 155 (50 mg) was separated by SFC to give compound 162 (10.30 mg) LC-MS t_(R)=1.169 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 487 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=5.16 min in 15 min chromatography, ee=100%; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.04 (s, 1H), 8.86 (s, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 4.25 (m, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.17 (m, 3H), 2.09 (m, 1H), 1.95 (m, 2H), 1.66 (m, 1H), 1.47 (m, 4H), 1.38 (m, 4H), 1.31 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ −63.96.

and compound 161 (11.30 mg) as a white solid; LC-MS t_(R)=1.169 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 487 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=6.77 min in 15 min chromatography, ee=100%; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 8.87 (s, 1H), 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (s, 1H), 4.23 (m, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.18 (m, 3H), 2.10 (m, 1H), 1.95 (m, 2H), 1.67 (m, 1H), 1.46 (m, 4H), 1.39 (m, 4H), 1.30 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ −63.96.

Example 125 Synthesis of Compound 163

According to a similar synthesis of compound 153, compound 152 (20 mg, 0.048 mmol) was coupled with compound 163A (12 mg, 0.071 mmol) to give compound 163 (10.0 mg, 47%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.973 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 453 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.77 (s, 1H), 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.19 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (m, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.24 (m, 3H), 2.17 (m, 1H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.97 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.45 (m, 10H), 1.38 (m, 1H).

Example 126 Synthesis of Compound 164

According to a similar synthesis of compound 153, compound 152 (20 mg, 0.048 mmol) was coupled with compound 164A (14 mg, 0.095 mmol) to give compound 164 (5.1 mg, 31%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.990 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 437 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 8.69 (s, 1H), 8.47 (s, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.32 (m, 1H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.19 (m, 3H), 2.13 (m, 1H), 2.08-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.45 (m, 10H), 1.36 (m, 1H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ −128.30.

Example 127 Synthesis of Compound 165

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 165b

A flask equipped with a condenser and a nitrogen balloon was charged with a mixture of compound 165a (0.50 g, 1.4 mmol), Lawesson's reagent (0.60 g, 1.5 mmol) in toluene (30 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 4 h. After cooling down, the precipitate was filtered off and washed with ethyl acetate (2×40 mL). The filtrate and the washing were concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether: EtOAc (20:1 to 5:1) to give compound 165b (0.34 g, 64%) with 80% purity as a pale brown solid.

LC-MS: t_(R)=1.94 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 381.1 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 165c

A flask was charged with compound 165b (40 mg, 0.11 mmol), 2-iodopropane (75 mg, 0.44 mmol), K₂CO₃ (0.10 g, 0.72 mmol) and DMF (2 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The precipitate was filtered of and washed with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL), and the filtrate and washings were concentrated under vacuum and the residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL). The mixture was washed with brine (2×20 mL). The separated organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 165c (40 mg, 78% crude yield) as a yellow oil, which was used directly in next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 165

A sealed tube was charged with a mixture of compound 165c (40 mg, 0.086 mmol), NH₄I (0.10 g, 0.69 mmol) and a solution of NH₃ in ethanol (2 mL). The mixture was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 3 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 165 (19.0 mg, 54.3%) with the purity of 99% as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.75 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 406.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.30-7.35 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.30 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10-7.15 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.30 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.35 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.20 (m, 2H), 3.00-3.10 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.90-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.50 (m, 11H), 0.80-0.90 (m, 2H), 0.60-0.70 (m, 2H).

Example 128 Synthesis of Compound 166

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 166b

To a solution of compound 166a (263 mg, 0.62 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) was added compound 166A (190 mg, 0.75 mmol), PdCl₂(dppf) (79 mg), KOAc (182.3 mg, 1.86 mmol), the mixture was carried under microwave at 100° C. for 1 h under N₂. Then filtered, the filtrate was concentrated to give the residue which was purified by preparative TLC (hexanes:EtOAc=1:1) to give compound 166b (238.9 mg, 95%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 166c

Compound 166b (238.9 mg, 0.51 mmol) in a 10 mL of flask under N₂ was treated sequentially with compound 3A (50 mg, 0.255 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.38 mL, 0.765 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (10 mg). The mixture was heated under 120° C. under N₂ in a CEM microwave for 15 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (hexanes:EtOAc=1:1) to give compound 166c (100 mg, 97%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 166d

A suspension of compound 166c (100 mg, 0.22 mmol) and Lawesson's reagent (88 mg, 0.22 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (2 mL) was heated 130° C. for 60 minis in a CEM microwave reactor. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and purified by preparative TLC with petroleum ether:EtOAc=1:1 to give compound 166d (56 mg, 54%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 166

To a solution of compound 166d (56 mg, 0.12 mmol) in a mixture of MeOH (3 mL) and NH₄OH (0.6 mL) was added t-BuOOH (346 mg, 2.4 mmol, 65% in water). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and concentrated. Water (15 mL) and EtOAc (3×10 mL) were added, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue which was purified by HPLC to give compound 166 (5.8 mg, 11%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.014 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 457 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.60 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.41 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (t, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (m, 1H), 7.45 (m, 2H), 4.20 (m, 2H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, 1H), 3.15 (m, 2H), 1.99 (m, 4H), 1.85 (m, 2H), 1.40 (m, 3H), 1.36 (m, 7H), 1.21 (m, 1H).

Example 129 Synthesis of Compound 167

A solution of compound 166 (14 mg, 0.03 mmol) and Pd/C (3 mg) in MeOH (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated, added CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL), filtered, concentrated, and purified by preparative HPLC (0.1% TFA as additive) to give compound 167 (3.0 mg, 21%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=0.917 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 461 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.82 (s, 1H), 8.57 (s, 1H), 8.38 (s, 1H), 7.80 (m, 1H), 7.66 (m, 1H), 7.57 (m, 1H), 4.36 (m, 2H), 3.46 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, 1H), 3.15 (m, 2H), 2.86 (m, 2H), 2.14 (m, 1H), 2.05 (m, 1H), 1.97 (m, 1H), 1.79 (m, 2H), 1.54 (m, 4H), 1.48 (m, 6H), 1.37 (m, 1H), 1.05 (m, 3H).

Example 130 Synthesis of Compound 168

According to a similar synthesis of compound 166, compound 166b (100 mg, 0.213 mmol) was coupled with compound 168A (103 mg, 0.426 mmol) to give compound 168a (60 mg, 56%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.326 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=503.1, 506.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃CN 400 MHz): δ 7.45-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.26 (m, 2H), 4.07-4.15 (m, 1H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 2.97-3.05 (m, 3H), 2.07-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.83 (m, 6H), 1.23-1.27 (m, 6H).

Compound 168a (114 mg, 0.227 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's reagent (92 mg, 0.227 mmol) to give compound 168b (80 mg, 68%) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.401 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=519.0, 521.0 [M+H]⁺. Compound 168b (80 mg, 0.154 mmol) was then converted to compound 168 (3.4 mg, 34%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.070 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=502.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.53-7.56 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.41 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.34 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.30 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 2H), 4.19-4.25 (m, 1H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.01-3.12 (m, 3H), 1.99-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.93 (m, 2H), 1.38-1.43 (m, 6H), 1.18-1.36 (m, 5H).

Example 131 Synthesis of Compound 169

A solution containing compound 168 (45 mg, 0.09 mmol) and compound 169A (89 mg, 0.27 mmol) in toluene (1 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) was added. The mixture was stirred at 135° C. for 45 min in microwave. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue. The residue was partitioned by EtOAc (50 mL) and aqueous of CsF (4M, 50 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted by EtOAc (2×50 mL), the combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×50 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to dryness. Purification of this residue by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂: MeOH=10:1) and preparative HPLC afforded compound 169 (3.4 mg, 8%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.114 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=462.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.91-7.93 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 7.51-7.53 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.30-4.37 (m, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.19-3.28 (m, 3H), 2.03-2.13 (m, 4H), 1.94-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.48-1.54 (m, 3H), 1.33-1.42 (m, 8H).

Example 132 Synthesis of Compound 170

According to a similar synthesis of compound 166, compound 166b (50 mg, 0.107 mmol) was coupled with compound 170A (52 mg, 0.213 mmol) to give compound 170a (40 mg, 74%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.260 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=504.1, 506.1 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 170a (100 mg, 0.20 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's reagent (81 mg, 0.20 mmol) to give compound 170b (80 mg, 78%) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.593 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=522.2 [M+H]⁺. Compound 170b (80 mg, 0.154 mmol) was then converted to compound 170 with 60% purity (60 mg, 46%) as a white solid. 15 mg of the product was further purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 170 (5.3 mg, 58%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.044 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=503.1, 505.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.93-7.95 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.52-7.54 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.29-4.35 (m, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.27 (m, 3H), 2.10-2.13 (m, 1H), 1.94-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.52-1.54 (m, 3H), 1.47-1.50 (m, 3H), 1.32-1.39 (m, 5H).

Example 133 Synthesis of Compound 171

According to a similar synthesis of compound 169, compound compound 170 (50 mg, 0.1 mmol) was coupled with compound 171A (99 mg, 0.3 mmol) to give compound 171 (9.4 mg, 20%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.158 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=463.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.40-7.42 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.22 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 2H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 4.10-4.14 (m, 1H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.01-3.06 (m, 1H), 2.91-2.99 (m, 2H), 1.92-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.89 (m, 3H), 1.80-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.52 (m, 1H), 1.29-1.33 (m, 3H), 1.19-1.27 (m, 5H), 1.13-1.17 (m, 2H).

Example 134 Synthesis of Compound 172

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 172b

A mixture of compound 172a (1 g, 4.22 mmol), compound 172A (474 mg, 4.22 mmol), CuI (241 mg, 1.27 mmol), Et₃N (1.4 g, 13.9 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (244 mg, 0.21 mmol) in toluene (200 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 h before it was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×100 mL) and water (200 mL). The organic layer was dried, evaporated and the residue was purified by column chromatography (hexanes:EtOAc=100:1) to give compound 172b (200 mg, 24%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.48 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 2H), 7.74 (t, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 2.00 (s, 3H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 172d

To a solution of compound 172c (120 mg, 0.31 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) was added compound 172B (93.3 mg, 0.37 mmol), PdCl₂(dppf) (36 mg), KOAc (91.1 mg, 0.93 mmol), the mixture was carried under microwave at 100° C. for 1 h under N₂. Then filtered, the filtrate was concentrated to give the residue which was purified by preparative TLC (hexanes:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 172d (100 mg, 74%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 172e

PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (10 mg) in a 10 mL of flask under N₂ was treated sequentially with compound 172d (224.6 mg, 0.51 mmol), in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL), and compound 172b (50 mg, 0.225 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.38 mL, 0.765 mmol). The mixture was heated under 120° C. at N₂ under microwave for 15 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (hexanes:EtOAc=1:1) to give compound 172e (100 mg, 91%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 172f

A suspension of compound 172e (49 mg, 0.11 mmol) and Lawesson's reagent (46 mg, 0.11 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (2 mL) was heated 140° C. for 40 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and purified by preparative TLC (hexanes:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 172f (30 mg, 59%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 172

To a solution of compound 172f (30 mg, 0.067 mmol) in a mixture of MeOH (3 mL) and NH₄OH (0.6 mL) was added t-BuOOH (128 mg, 1.35 mmol, 65% in water). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and concentrated. Water (15 mL) and EtOAc (3×10 mL) were added, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue which was purified by HPLC to give compound 172 (13.4 mg, 46%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.894 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 429 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.72 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.53 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.71 (m, 1H), 7.55 (m, 2H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.25 (m, 1H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 2H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.43 (m, 6H).

Example 135 Synthesis of Compound 173

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 173c

To a solution of compound 173a (30 mg, 0.08 mmol) in CH₃CN (2 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (22.3 mg, 0.16 mmol), and compound 173b (9.6 mg, 0.08 mmol), the mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 15 min in microwave, the precipitate was filtered off, the filtrate was concentrated to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc=3:1 to afford compound 173c (23 mg, 68%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.19 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (m, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 4.25-4.22 (m, 1H), 3.67-3.65 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.44 (s, 3H), 3.04-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.91-2.87 (m, 1H), 2.0-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.49-1.39 (m, 6H), 1.39-1.32 (m, 1H), 1.26-1.18 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 6H), 0.68-0.58 (m, 2H), 0.38-0.27 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 173d

To a solution of compound 173c (23 mg, 0.055 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (2 mL) was added Lawesson's Reagent (24.7 mg, 0.06 mmol) under N₂, the mixture was stirred at 130° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 40 min. After cooling, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc=3:1 to afford compound 173d (15 mg, 63%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.504 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=429.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 173

To a solution of compound 173d (15 mg, 0.035 mmol) in EtOH (5 mL) was added t-BuOOH (0.5 mL) and NH₃.H₂O (1.5 mL), the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, the reaction was completed detecting by LCMS. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with dichloromethane:methanol=10:1 and then by preparative HPLC to give compound 173 (3.0 mg, 20%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.867 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=412.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.18 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 4.24 (m, 1H), 3.78 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.15-3.04 (m, 1H), 3.04-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.90 (m, 3H), 1.56-1.53 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.44 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.44-1.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 3H), 1.39-1.37 (m, 1H), 1.37-1.22 (m, 4H), 0.60-0.58 (m, 2H), 0.33-0.32 (m, 2H)

Example 136 Synthesis of Compounds 174 and 175

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 174b

To a solution of compound 174a (150 mg, 0.41 mmol) in anhydrous CH₃CN (10 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (115.6 mg, 0.82 mmol) and bromomethyl-cyclopropane (62.6 mg, 0.46 mmol). The resulting suspension was stirred at 60° C. for 5 h. The precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1 to give compound 174b (100 mg, 55%); LC-MS: t_(R)=1.216 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=413.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 174 and 175

The same synthesis for compound 173 was applied for this synthesis, and compound 174b (100 mg, 0.24 mmol) gave compound 174c (67 mg, 65%), which was converted to compound 173. Preparative SFC to give compound 174 (12.8 mg, 11%); LC-MS: t_(R)=0.988 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=412.1 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=6.26 min in 16 min chromatography, ee %=100%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.25-7.08 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.90-6.82 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 4.40-4.10 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.74 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 1H), 3.10-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.10-2.01 (m, 1H), 2.01-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.40 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.40-1.35 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.35-1.15 (m, 5H), 0.70-0.50 (m, 2H), 0.40-0.30 (m, 2H); and compound 175 (10.0 mg, 15%), LC-MS: t_(R)=0.992 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=412.1 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=7.76 min in 16 min chromatography, ee %=98%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.13-7.06 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.83-6.74 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.60 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.01 (m, 1H), 3.00-2.81 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.35 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.30 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 1.30-1.25 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.25-1.05 (m, 1H), 1.10-1.00 (m, 4H), 0.60-0.40 (m, 2H), 0.30-0.11 (m, 2H).

Example 137 Synthesis of Compound 176

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 176b

To a solution of compound 176a (500 mg, 2.02 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (559 mg, 4.04 mmol), and compound 176A (516.6 mg, 2.22 mmol), the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction was added with H₂O (10 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 176b (400 mg, 60%) as a white solid, which was used in the next step without further purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.34 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 4.33 (dd, J=8.0, 40.4 Hz, 2H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.18-3.22 (m, 1H), 2.96 (s, 2H), 1.97-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.52 (m, 2H), 1.34-1.45 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 176

According to a similar synthesis for Acylguanidine 1-6 described in Example I-2, compound 176b (400 mg, 1.21 mmol), was condensed to hydantoin 176c (80 mg, 16%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.080 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=399.1[M+H]⁺.

Compound 176c (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (50.7 mg, 0.12 mmol) to afford compound 176d (25 mg, 50%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.250 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=415.1[M+H]

Compound 176d (25 mg, 0.06 mmol) was then dialkylated with 2-iodo-propane (40.7 mg, 0.24 mmol) to give compound 176e (15 mg, 50%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.726 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=499.2 [M+H]

Finally, compound 176e (15 mg, 0.03 mmol) was converted to compound 176 (0.8 mg, 6%) as a white solid. LCMS: 694-139-1 t_(R)=1.936 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=440.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.27 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 4.50 (dd, J=6.4, 8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.46 (m, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.07-3.15 (m, 1H), 2.98-3.03 (m, 2H), 1.98-2.05 (m, 4H), 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.54 (d, J=11.2 Hz, 3H), 1.45 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.27-1.32 (m, 2H). ¹⁹FNMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −75.806

Example 138 Synthesis of Compound 177

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27, compound I-6 (30 mg, 0.076 mmol) was coupled with compound 177A (24 mg, 0.153 mmol) to give compound 177 (15 mg, yield 47%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.025 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 424.0.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.58 (s, 2H), 7.47 (m, 2H), 7.13-7.39 (m, 3H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.17 (m, 6H), 1.92-2.07 (m, 2H), 1.81 (d, 1H), 1.19-1.45 (m, 5H).

Example 139 Synthesis of Compound 178

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27, compound I-6 (25 mg, 0.06 mmol) was coupled with compound 178A (21 mg, 0.12 mmol) to give compound 178 (9.1 mg, 32%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.012 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 442.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.56 (m, 1H), 7.37-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.27 (m, 1H), 7.17 (m, 1H), 7.05 (m, 1H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 2.96-3.07 (m, 3H), 2.93 (s, 3H), 1.74-1.93 (m, 3H), 1.51 (m, 1H), 1.17-1.30 (m, 4H).

Example 140 Synthesis of Compound 179

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27, compound I-6 was coupled with compound 179A (17 mg, 0.103 mmol) to give compound 179 (5.6 mg, yield 25%). LC-MS t_(R)=0.956 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 433.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.91 (m, 1H), 7.83 (m, 1H), 7.44 (m, 1H), 7.32 (m, 2H), 7.13 (s, 1H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.17 (m, 3H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 2.01-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.57 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.17 (m, 4H)

Example 141 Synthesis of Compound 180

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27, compound I-6 was coupled with compound 180A (32 mg, 0.128 mmol) to give compound 180 (4.4 mg, yield 20%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.056 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 440.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.19 (s, 2H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.55-7.53 (m, 1H), 7.38-7.36 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 3.43-3.32 (m, 3H), 3.26-3.22 (m, 2H), 3.08-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.97 (s, 3H), 1.95-1.87 (m, 2H), 1.76 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.52 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.29 (m, 2H), 1.23-1.20 (m, 2H).

Example 142 Synthesis of Compound 181

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27, compound I-6 (20 mg, 0.051 mmol) was coupled with compound 181A (21.2 mg, 0.102 mmol) to give compound 181 (5.6 mg, yield 25%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.035 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 476.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.69-7.57 (m, 3H), 7.46-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.22-3.08 (m, 3H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 2.04-1.85 (m, 3H), 1.72-1.63 (m, 1H), 1.46-1.18 (m, 4H).

Example 143 Synthesis of Compound 182

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27, compound I-6 (20 mg, 0.051 mmol) was coupled with compound 182A (19 mg, 0.102 mmol) to give compound 182 (1.56 mg, yield 7%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.071 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 458.0 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.38-7.31 (m, 4H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 7.11 (s, 1H), 3.29 (s, 3H), 3.18 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.04 (m, 5H), 1.85-1.98 (m, 3H), 1.45 (m, 1H), 1.34 (m, 2H), 1.27 (m, 2H).

Example 144 Synthesis of Compound 183

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27, compound I-6 (20 mg, 0.051 mmol) was coupled with compound 183A (16 mg, 0.102 mmol) to give compound 183 (3.8 mg, yield 18%). LC-MS t_(R)=0.989 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 426.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.58 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (m, 3H), 6.90 (m, 1H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.16 (m, 3H), 3.08 (s, 3H), 2.12 (m, 2H), 1.88 (m, 1H), 1.69 (m, 1H), 1.29-1.45 (m, 4H).

Example 145 Synthesis of Compound 184

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27, compound I-6 (20 mg, 0.051 mmol) was coupled with compound 184A (13 mg, 0.102 mmol) to give compound 184 (3.9 mg, yield 20%). LC-MS t_(R)=0.737 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 391.0 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.76 (s, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.44 (m, 3H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.11-3.22 (m, 3H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 1.95-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, 1H), 1.68 (m, 1H), 1.29-1.42 (m, 4H).

Example 146 Synthesis of Compound 185

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27, compound I-6 (25 mg, 0.064 mmol) was coupled with compound 185A (24 mg, 0.13 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) to give compound 185 (15 mg, 51%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.072 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 459.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.10 (s, 1H), 8.88 (s, 1H), 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.12-3.29 (m, 6H), 2.11 (m, 2H), 1.92 (m, 1H), 1.33-1.50 (m, 5H).

Example 147 Synthesis of Compound 186

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27, compound I-6 (25 mg, 0.064 mmol) was couple with compound 186A (15 mg, 0.095 mmol) to afford compound 186 (7.2 mg, 28%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.969 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 419.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.65-7.62 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.46-7.43 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 6.90 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 6H), 3.06-1.82 (m, 3H), 1.49-1.39 (m, 5H).

Example 148 Synthesis of Compound 187

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27, compound I-6 (20 mg, 0.05 mmol) was coupled with compound 187A (15.7 mg, 0.10 mmol) to afford compound 187 (2 mg, 10%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.047 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 425.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.70 (s, 1H), 7.48-8.49 (s, 1H), 8.09 (s, 1H), 7.61-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.52-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.42-7.44 (m, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.10 (m, 1H), 1.90-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.42 (m, 4H), 1.15-1.25 (m, 1H).

Example 149 Synthesis of Compound 188

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27, compound I-6 (20 mg, 0.052 mmol) was coupled with compound 188A (7 mg, 0.052 mmol) to afford product compound 188 (10.0 mg, 48%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=3.580 min in 7 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 409.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.72 (s, 1H), 8.48 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (dd, J=1.2, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.56 (m, 1H), 3.8043 (s, 3H), 3.26-3.38 (m, 6H), 2.00-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.90 (m, 1H), 1.32-1.52 (m, 5H).

Example 150 Synthesis of Compound 189

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27, compound I-6 (20 mg, 0.051 mmol) was coupled with compound 189A (18 mg, 0.13 mmol) to give compound 189 (2.9 mg, 14%). LC-MS: t_(R)=0.922 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 409.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.07-8.06 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.94-7.90 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.41 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.36-7.28 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 3.26-3.23 (s, 3H), 3.12-3.05 (m, 3H), 3.02-2.96 (s, 3H), 1.95-1.76 (m, 4H), 1.58-1.51 (t, 1H), 1.37-1.27 (m, 1.5H), 1.21-1.16 (m, 1.7H).

Example 151 Synthesis of Compound 190

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 27, compound I-6 (20 mg, 0.05 mmol) was coupled with compound 190A (12 mg, 0.08 mmol) to give compound 190 (8 mg, 37%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.846 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 421.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (methanol-d₄ 400 MHz TMS): δ 8.20 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (br, 1H), 7.17 (br, 1H), 4.00 (s, 3H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.25-3.23 (m, 4H), 3.01 (s, 1H), 2.88 (s, 1H), 2.11-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.91-1.88 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.31 (m, 5H).

Example 152 Synthesis of Compound 191

To a suspension of compound I-6 (39.1 mg, 0.1 mmol), cyclopropylboronic acid (11.2 mg, 0.13 mmol), K₃PO₄ (75 mg, 0.35 mmol) and tricyclohexylphosphine (5.6 mg, 0.02 mmol) in toluene and water (3 mL/100 uL) was added Pd(OAc)₂ (3.0 mg, 0.01 mmol) under a N₂ atmosphere, the resulting mixture was heated in a sealed tube at 100° C. for 1 day. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL) and washed with brine (10 mL). The separated organic phase was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (basic) to give compound compound 191 (2.3 mg, 6%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.925 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 354.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 7.07-7.09 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.88-6.90 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.11 (t, J=10.8 Hz, 2H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 2.90-2.92 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 1.95-1.72 (m, 3H), 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.32 (m, 3H), 1.26 (m, 3H), 0.85 (q, 2H), 0.55 (q, 2H).

Example 153 Synthesis of Compound 192

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) in a 10 mL of flask under a nitrogen atmosphere was treated sequentially with compound I-6 (25 mg, 0.06 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.09 mL, 0.18 mmol) and compound 192A (31.5 mg, 0.12 mmol). The mixture was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor under a nitrogen atmosphere for 15 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and preparative HPLC to give compound 192 (5.6 mg, 20%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.958 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 433.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MH): δ 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.70-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.59 (m, 1H), 7.50 (m, 1H), 7.43 (m, 1H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.13 (m, 3H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 1.81-2.04 (m, 3H), 1.64 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.46 (m, 4H)

Example 154 Synthesis of Compound 193

According to a similar synthesis of compound 192, compound I-6 (20 mg, 0.051 mmol) was compound with boronic ester 193A (40 mg, 0.153 mmol) to give compound 193 (1.8 mg, yield 8%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.999 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 449.0 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.66 (d, J=14.4 Hz, 2H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.37 (m, 2H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.21-3.01 (m, 6H), 1.95 (m, 3H), 1.48 (m, 1H), 1.36 (m, 2H), 1.24 (m, 2H).

Example 155 Synthesis of Compound 194

Compound I-6 (16 mg, 0.041 mmol) was dissolved in Et₃N (5 ml) and Et₂NH (1 ml), the resulting mixture was degassed and purged with nitrogen for three times. Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (2 mg, 0.003 mmol) and CuI (0.57 mg, 0.003 mmol) were added under a nitrogen atmosphere and the system was degassed again. 3-ethynylthiophene (194A) (11 mg, 0.10 mmol) was added by syringe. The system was degassed one more time, then was heated at 50˜60° C. for 12 h. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) and preparative RP-HPLC to afford compound 194 (1.9 mg, 11%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.995 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 420.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.40-7.46 (m, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.31-7.33 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.17-7.18 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.11-3.17 (m, 3H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 1.93-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.88 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.63 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.38 (m, 2H), 1.24-1.29 (m, 2H).

Example 156 Synthesis of Compound 195

According to a similar synthesis of compound 194, compound I-6 (16 mg, 0.041 mmol) was coupled with 1-ethynylcyclopentanol (195A) (23 mg, 0.204 mmol) to afford compound 195 (3.7 mg, 22%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.057 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 422.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.29-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.14-3.27 (m, 1H), 3.07-3.11 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 1.94-2.03 (m, 6H), 1.78-1.86 (m, 5H), 1.55-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.27-1.43 (m, 4H).

Example 157 Synthesis of Compound 196

To a solution of compound I-6 (50 mg, 0.127 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) was added compound 196A (120 mg, 0.314 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (10 mg, 0.014 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 125° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 45 min. The solvents were removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 196 (3.4 mg, 6.7%). LC-MS: t_(R)=0.894 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 397.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.87 (s, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.56-7.58 (dd, J=1.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.50 (s, 1H), 7.34-7.36 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 3.13 (s, 3H), 3.09-3.11 (m, 1H), 3.02-3.06 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.99 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.16-1.36 (m, 6H).

Example 158 Synthesis of Compound 197

According to a similar synthesis of compound 196, compound I-6 (25 mg, 0.064 mmol) was coupled with compound 197A (59 mg, 0.16 mmol) to give compound 197 (1.3 mg, 5%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.948 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 392.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.03 (s, 1H), 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.44 (s, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (m, 1H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.17-3.03 (m, 6H), 1.97 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.19 (m, 5H).

Example 159 Synthesis of Compounds 198 and 199

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 198b

To a solution of compound 198a (2.65 g, 27 mmol) in THF (80 mL) was added n-BuLi (2.5 M in hexanes, 11.88 mL, 29.7 mmol) at −78° C., and the reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 30 min and at 0° C. 30 min. After being cooled to −78° C., the reaction mixture was treated with n-Bu₃SnCl (9.67 g, 8 mL, 29.7 mmol), and allowed to warm to room temperature over 5 h. The solvent was removed under vacuum, and the residue was partitioned between diethyl ether (100 mL) and H₂O (80 mL). The diethyl ether layer was washed with brine (80 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and concentrated. Flash chromatography of the crude (Al₂O₃, petroleum) afforded compound 198b as a colorless oil (9.4 g, 90%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 198c

A solution containing compound I-6 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) and compound 198b (246 mg, 0.635 mmol) in toluene (4 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 130° C. for 30 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (10 mL) and aqueous of CsF (4M, 8 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum/ethyl acetate=1:1) to give compound 198c (30 mg, 58%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 198 and 199

Anhydrous K₂CO₃ (100 mg, 0.7 mmol) and compound 198c (30 mg, 0.07 mmol) were suspended in MeOH (2 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 1 h. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL), washed with brine (2×10 mL) and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to dryness. Purification of this residue by preparative HPLC (basic) afforded compound 198 (6.80 mg, 29%), LC-MS t_(R)=0.890 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 338.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.38-7.40 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.31 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 3.44 (s, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.18 (m, 3H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 1.96-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.65 (m, 1H). 1.23-1.44 (m, 4H); and by-product compound 199 (8.20 mg, 35%) as a white solid, LC-MS t_(R)=0.815 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 340.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.21-7.23 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.14-7.16 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 6.56-6.63 (q, 1H), 5.58-5.62 (d, J=17.6 Hz, 1H), 5.05-6.07 (d, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 2.88-3.07 (m, 6H), 1.84-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.47-1.54 (m, 1H). 1.12-1.35 (m, 4H).

Example 160 Synthesis of Compound 200

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 200b

To a solution of compound 200a (200 mg, 0.53 mmol) in DMF (2 mL), K₂CO₃ (116 mg, 1.06 mmol) and MeI (60 mg, 0.53 mmol) was added subsequently. After stirring for 3 h, the reaction mixture was diluted with water (3 mL), the precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with water, dried in vacuo to give compound 200b (160 mg, 77% crude yield) as a white solid, which was used directly in next step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 200d

The crude product of compound 200b (160 mg 0.41 mmol), compound 200c (155 mg, 0.6 mmol), KOAc (120 mg, 1.2 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (94 mg, 0.08 mmol) were suspended in anhydrous dioxane (2 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere and then was heated at 90° C. for 4 h. The mixture was diluted with water (5 mL), extracted with EtOAc (3×5 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give the crude product 200d, which was used for next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 200f

The crude product of compound 200d was dissolved in dioxane (2 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere. Compound 200e (96 mg, 0.41 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (90 mg, 0.08 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (2.0 M aq. 0.5 mL) were added subsequently under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated at 90° C. overnight. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was purified on preparative TLC eluting with EtOAc to give compound 200f (50 mg, 30% yield for two steps) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 200g

A solution of compound 200f (28 mg, 0.066 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (67 mg, 0.166 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (2 mL) was stirred at 140° C. for 30 min in a microwave reactor. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 200g (20 mg, 66%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 200

A mixture of compound 200g (20 mg, 0.044 mmol) and t-butyl hydroperoxide (122 mg, ca. 65% solution in water, 0.88 mmol) in ammonia (1 mL) and MeOH (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight, LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness, which was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 200 (5.6 mg, 25%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.826 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 421.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.69-7.71 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.62 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.45 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (s, 1H), 6.75 (s, 1H), 6.68-6.70 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.11-3.21 (q, 3H), 3.07 (s, 3H), 1.93-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.88 (m, 1H), 1.61-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.36-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.33 (m, 2H).

Example 161 Synthesis of Compound 201

According to a similar synthesis of compound 200, compound 200d was coupled with compound 201a (99 mg, 0.38 mmol) to give compound 201b (70 mg, 59% yield). Compound 201b (70 mg, 0.16 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's reagent (64 mg, 0.16 mmol) to give compound 201c (20 mg, 26%), which was converted to final product compound 201 (3.5 mg, 18%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.887 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 447.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (methanol-d₄ 400 MHz TMS): δ 7.70-7.73 (m, 2H), 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 6.72 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.28-3.14 (m, 7H), 2.11-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.91-1.88 (m, 1H), 1.48-1.31 (m, 5H), 1.20-1.15 (m, 2H), 0.97-0.95 (m, 2H).

Example 162 Synthesis of Compound 202

According to a similar synthesis of compound 200, compound 200d was coupled with compound 202a (89 mg, 0.38 mmol) to give compound 202b (70 mg, 65% yield). Compound 202b (70 mg, 0.17 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's reagent (67 mg, 0.17 mmol) to give compound 202c (25 mg, 33%), which was converted to the final product compound 202 (3.5 mg, 14.5%). LC-MS t_(R)=0.828 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 422.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (methanol-d₄ 400 MHz TMS): δ 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.81-7.79 (m, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 7.58-7.56 (m, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.26-3.19 (m, 6H), 2.12-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.91-1.88 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.43 (m, 3H), 1.36-1.25 (m, 2H).

Example 163 Synthesis of Compound 203

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 203a

To a solution of compound 200b (150 mg, 0.38 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at −78° C. was added n-BuLi (2.5 M, 0.48 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 2 h. Then, Bu₃SnCl (150 mg, 0.45 mmol) was added and stirred at −78° C. for 2 h more. The mixture was warmed up to 10° C. and quenched by addition with saturated NH₄Cl (5 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×30 mL). The organic fractions were concentrated to give crude compound 203a (230 mg, 100% crude) as a yellow oil, which was used directly in the next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 203b

A suspension of compound 203a (230 mg, 0.4 mmol), F-TEDA-BF₄ (170 mg, 0.48 mmol) and AgOTf (200 mg, 0.8 mmol) in anhydrous acetone (5 mL) was stirred at 15° C. for 20 min. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative TLC eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (1:1) to give compound 203b (62 mg, 50%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 203c

A suspension of compound 203c (60 mg, 0.18 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (77 mg, 0.19 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (2 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 40 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative preparative HPLC to give compound 203d (33 mg, 45%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 203

A solution of compound 203c (30 mg, 0.085 mmol), t-BuOOH (0.5 mL), NH₃—H₂O (0.5 mL) in EtOH (2 mL) was stirred at 10° C. for 10 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 203 (22 mg, 50%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.243 min in 3 min chromatography, MS ESI m/z 332.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.20-7.30 (m, 1H), 6.90-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.65-6.75 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 2.90-3.15 (m, 6H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.45 (m, 4H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ −118.00.

Example 164 Synthesis of Compound 204

To a solution of compound I-6 (100 mg, 0.255 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) and DMSO (6 mL) was added DPPP (52 mg, 0.127), Pd(OAc)₂ (31 mg, 0.127 mmol) and Et₃N (2 mL). The reaction was heated at 80° C. under CO at 40 psi for 24 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrated was concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and acidic preparative HPLC to give compound 204 (5.0 mg, 5%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.859 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 372 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.07 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.29-3.18 (m, 6H), 2.07 (m, 2H), 1.87 (m, 1H), 1.46 (m, 4H), 1.34 (m, 1H).

Example 165 Synthesis of Compound 205

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 205a

Compound I-6 (50 mg, 0.127 mmol) and Boc₂O (42 mg, 0.19 mmol) was dissolved in THF (5 mL), this solution was added DMAP (23 mg, 0.19 mmol) and Et₃N (0.04 mL, 0.25 mmol), the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) to give 205a (30 mg, 48%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 205

A solution containing compound 205a (47 mg, 0.122 mmol) and compound 205A (40 mg, 0.081 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (4 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 125° C. for 45 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (10 mL) and aqueous CsF (4 M, 10 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (15 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and preparative HPLC to afford product compound 205 (0.6 mg, 1%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.130 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 406.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.57-7.60 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 7.44-7.47 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (s, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.18-3.32 (m, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 1.96-2.07 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.59 (m, 1H), 1.26-1.40 (m, 4H).

Example 166 Synthesis of Compound 206

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (4 mg) was treated sequentially with compound 205a (30 mg, 0.06 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (2 M in water, 0.15 mL, 0.3 mmol)) and compound 206A (24 mg, 0.12 mmol) under N₂ atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 15 min in microwave. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH=5:1) and preparative HPLC to give compound 206 (15.0 mg, 54%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.942 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 468.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.90-7.95 (t, J=8.4, 9.2 Hz, 2H), 7.67-7.71 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.59-7.61 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.45 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.08-3.21 (m, 6H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 1.96-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.67 (t, J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 1.36-1.42 (m, 2H), 1.29-1.33 (m, 2H).

Example 167 Synthesis of Compound 207

The compound 205a (25 mg, 0.051 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (33 mg, 0.10 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (4 ml), the resulting mixture was degassed and purged with nitrogen for three times. Pd(OAc)₂ (2 mg, 0.008 mmol) and PPh₃ (2 mg, 0.005 mmol) were added under a nitrogen atmosphere and the system was degassed again. 2-methyl-thiazole (207A) (100 mg, 1.0 mmol) was added by syringe. The system was degassed one more time. The reaction was heated to 168° C. for 45 min in a microwave reactor. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed, and the solvent was removed by evaporation under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) and preparative RP-HPLC to afford compound 207 (1.9 mg, 8%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.009 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 411.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.51-7.53 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.36-7.38 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.11-3.18 (m, 3H), 3.07 (s, 3H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 1.96-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.64 (m, 1H), 127-1.41 (m, 4H).

Example 168 Synthesis of Compound 208

According to a similar synthesis of compound 206, compound 205a (20 mg, 0.051 mmol) was coupled with compound 208A (20 mg, 0.077 mmol) to give compound 208 (4.3 mg, 15%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.951 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 437 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.11 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 3.04 (m, 1H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 2.95 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.22 (m, 2H), 1.9 (m, 2H), 1.38 (m, 5H), 1.0 (m, 4H).

Example 169 Synthesis of Compound 209

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 209a

A solution of compound 205a (100 mg, 0.203 mmol) in dry THF (5 mL) was added dropwise EtMgBr (0.3 mL, 1.0 mmol) at −78° C. under a N₂ atmosphere. After stirring for 15 min, t-BuLi (0.8 mL, 1.1 mmol) was added dropwise and stirred for 20 min. CO₂ was bubbled through the reaction mixture for 25 min. the reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 209a (0.1 g, 85%) as a brown oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 209b

A mixture of compound 209a (50 mg, 6 mmol), 209A (5 mg, 60 mmol), HOBt (2.7 mg, 18 mmol) and EDC-HCl (4 mg, 18 mmol) in Et₃N (2 mg, 18 mmol) and CH₂Cl₂ was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed by evaporation to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give compound 209b (18 mg, 50%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 209

A solution of compound 209b (18 mg, 0.035 mmol) in HCl/dioxane (5 mL, 4 N) was stirred at room temperature for 15 min. The solvent was removed to give the residue and which was purified by preparative HPLC (acidic) to afford compound 209 (3.1 mg, 10%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.316 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 410.23 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.54-7.36 (m, 3H), 3.60 (m, 2H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.2 (s, 3H), 3.07 (s, 1H), 1.9-1.8 (m, 7H), 1.5-1.3 (m, 5H).

Example 170 Synthesis of Compound 210

According to a similar synthesis of compound 210, compound 209a (30 mg, 6 mmol) was coupled with compound 210A (5 mg, 60 mmol) to give crude compound 210a (22 mg, 70%) as a yellow solid, which was removed the protecting group in HCl/dioxane (5 mL, 4N) to afford compound 210 (trifluoroacetic salt) (1.7 mg, 10%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.807 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 384.22 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.35 (q, 2H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.09 (m, 3H), 3.12 (s, 1H), 2.9 (s, 3H), 2.8 (s, 3H), 1.9-1.7 (m, 3H), 1.3-1.2 (m, 5H).

Example 171 Synthesis of Compound 211

Compound 205a (25 mg, 0.051 mmol) and CuCl (60 mg, 0.61 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (3 mL), the resulting mixture was degassed and purged with N₂ for three times. The reaction was heated at 170° C. for 30 min in microwave. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed and solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=5:1) and preparative HPLC to afford compound 211 (14.1 mg, 80%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.014 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 348.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.26-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.12-3.18 (m, 1H), 3.02-3.09 (m, 5H), 1.96-2.07 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.59-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.32-1.44 (m, 2H), 1.27-1.30 (m, 2H)

Example 172 Synthesis of Compounds 212 and 213

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 211b

A suspension of compound 211a (600 mg, 1.5 mmol), CuCl (600 mg, 6.1 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (15 mL) was heated at 180° C. for 45 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1 to give compound 211b (510 mg, 90%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 211c

A suspension of compound 211b (510 mg, 1.47 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (650 mg, 1.6 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (15 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 40 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by prep HPLC to give compound 211c (316 mg, 60%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 211, 212 and 213

A solution of compound 211c (310 mg, 0.85 mmol), t-BuOOH (3 mL), NH₃—H₂O (3 mL) in EtOH (10 mL) was stirred at 10° C. for 10 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 211 (150 mg, 50%) as a white solid. LCMS: 728-054-1B, t_(R)=1.310 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=348.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.20-7.35 (m, 2H), 6.90-7.00 (s, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.20 (m, 6H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.85 (s, 1H), 1.55-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.45 (m, 4H).

Compound 211 (40 mg, 0.12 mmol) was separated by preparative SFC to give compound 212 (8.2 mg, 20%), LCMS: t_(R)=0.899 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=348.1 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=6.29 min in 15 min chromatography, ee=99.6%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.20-7.35 (m, 2H), 6.90-7.00 (s, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.20 (m, 6H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.85 (s, 1H), 1.55-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.45 (m, 4H); and compound 212 (8.3 mg, 21%). LCMS: t_(R)=0.893 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=348.1 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=8.39 min in 15 min chromatography, ee=99.8%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.20-7.35 (m, 2H), 6.90-7.00 (s, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.20 (m, 6H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.85 (s, 1H), 1.55-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.45 (m, 4H).

Example 173 Synthesis of Compound 214

To a suspension of compound 205a (40 mg, 0.08 mmol) and cyanocopper (18 mg, 0.2 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added Pd(PPh₃)₄ (5.5 mg, 0.0048 mmol) at room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere. After addition, the resulting mixture was heated at 120° C. in a sealed tube for 30 h. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL) and washed with brine (10 mL). The separated organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by basic preparative HPLC (basic) to give compound 214 (8.4 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.820 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 338.9 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD variant 400): δ 7.62 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (s, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.29-3.10 (m, 2H), 3.11 (m, 1H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 2.0-1.93 (m, 2H), 1.80 (m, 1H), 1.64 (m, 1H), 1.40 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.23 (m, 3H).

Example 174 Synthesis of Compounds 215 and 216

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 214a

To a solution of compound 211a (1.5 g, 3.3 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added CuCN (682.5 mg, 6.6 mmol), and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (205.5 mg, 0.17 mmol) under nitrogen, the mixture was stirred at 180° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 30 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂O (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the crude product which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc (20:1 to 5:1) to give compound 214a (0.75 g, 58%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 6.05 (s, 1H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.38-3.41 (m, 1H), 3.15-3.21 (d, J=14 Hz, 2H), 2.94-2.97 (s, 3H), 1.89-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.18-1.47 (m, 5H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 214, 215 and 216

According to a similar synthesis of compound 211 described in Example 172, compound 214a (750 mg, 2.21 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (893.6 mg, 2.21 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere to give compound 214b (500 mg, 63%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ 7.57 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.44 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (s, 1H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.28-3.37 (m, 1H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.09-3.23 (m, 2H), 1.87-2.12 (m, 3H), 1.18-1.37 (m, 5H).

Compound 214b (500 mg, 1.40 mmol) was converted to compound 214, which was separated by preparative SFC to give compound 215 (85.6 mg), LCMS: t_(R)=0.937 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 339.1 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=5.26 min in 16 min chromatography, ee %=99.7%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.65-7.63 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (s, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.23-3.32 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.19 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 1.98-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.62-1.69 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.42 (m, 2H), 1.29-1.38 (m, 2H); and compound 216 (100 mg, totally 38%) as white solid, LCMS: t_(R)=0.943 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 339.1 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=5.92 min in 16 min chromatography, ee %=100%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.53 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.26-3.38 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.07 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 1.86-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.54-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.29-1.44 (m, 2H), 1.10-1.27 (m, 2H).

Example 175 Synthesis of Compound 217

To a solution of compound 217a (8.0 mg, 0.016 mmol) in DCM there was added TFA (10 drops), and the solution was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, solvent was removed in vacuum, and the residue was purified by HPLC to give compound 217 (6.7 mg, 81%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.17 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 393.0 [M+H]⁺

¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.48 (dd, J=1.2, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 3.16-3.04 (m, 3H), 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.44-1.24 (m, 5H).

Example 176 Synthesis of Compound 218

To a solution of compound 217a (7.5 mg, 0.015 mmol) in MeOH (0.2 mL) was added ammonium formate (2.8 mg, 0.045 mmol) followed by Pd—C (1 mg). The resulting mixture was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 10 min. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was purified by revised phase HPLC to give compound 218 (3.8 mg, 59%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.07 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 314.0 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.24 (m, 1H), 7.18 (m, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 3H), 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.44-1.24 (m, 5H).

Alternatively, compound 218 can be prepared according to the following scheme:

To a solution of compound 218a (20 mg, 0.051 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) was added Et₃N (0.1 mL) and Pd/C (10 mg, 10 wt %). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 h under H₂ (15 psi), LC-MS showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by pre-TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and pre-HPLC to give compound 218 (5.2 mg, 33%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.940 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 314.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.25-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.16-7.20 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.99-7.00 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.08-3.18 (m, 3H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 1.96-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.32-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.28-1.32 (m, 2H).

Example 177 Synthesis of Compound 219

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 219b

n-BuLi (2.5 M in hexane, 10.8 mL, 27 mmol) was added to a solution of compound 219a (1.7 g, 2 mL, 24 mmol) in THF (50 mL) at −78° C., and the reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 30 min and at 0° C. for 30 min. After cooled to −78° C., the reaction mixture was treated with n-Bu₃SnCl (8.68 g, 7.3 mL, 27 mmol), and allowed to warm to room temperature over 5 h. The solvent was removed under vacuum, and the residue was partitioned between diethyl ether (50 mL) and H₂O (30 mL). The diethyl ether layer was washed with brine (2×30 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and concentrated. Flash chromatography of the crude (Al₂O₃, PE) afforded compound 219b as colorless oil (6.5 g, 75%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 219

To a solution of compound 205a (50 mg, 0.1 mmol) and compound 219b (73 mg, 0.2 mmol) in toluene (4 mL) was added Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (4 mg) under N₂ atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 135° C. for 45 min in microwave. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue. The residue was partitioned by EtOAc (10 mL) and aqueous of CsF (4 M, 8 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL), the combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to dryness. Purification of this residue by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) afforded compound 219 (25 mg, 66%), LC-MS t_(R)=0.926 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 382.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.34-7.36 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.30 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (s, 1H), 4.31 (s, 2H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.09-3.16 (m, 3H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 1.96-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.26-1.39 (m, 5H).

Example 178 Synthesis of Compound 220

To a solution of compound 219 (30 mg, 0.079 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added Pd/C (3 mg, 10 wt %). The resulting mixture was stirred under H₂ atmosphere at room temperature for 1 h, LC-MS showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of celite, and the filtrate was concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative HPLC to afford compound 220 (3.6 mg, 12%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.893 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 386.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.17-7.19 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.06-7.08 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 3.34-3.36 (m, 5H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.07-3.12 (m, 1H), 2.97-3.03 (m, 5H), 2.58-2.60 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.90-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.82 (m, 3H), 1.52-1.56 (m, 1H), 1.23-1.37 (m, 4H).

Example 179 Synthesis of Compound 221

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 221a

A dry three-necked round bottom flask equipped with a condenser was charged with compound 205a (50 mg, 0.1 mmol), Et₃N (5 mL) and DEA (1 mL) under N₂ atmosphere. To this solution was added CuI (1 mg, 0.005 mmol), and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (3.5 mg, 0.005 mmol). After being degassed once again, compound 221A (0.057 mL, 0.5 mmol) was added, and the mixture was heated at 50° C. (oil bath) with stirring for 12 h. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. After evaporation, the residue was partitioned with EtOAc (15 mL) and water (10 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure, and the crude product was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) to give compound 221a (40 mg, 80%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 221

Compound 221a (20 mg, 0.04 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL). The mixture was stirred at 125° C. for 20 min in microwave. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC (basic) to afford compound 221 (5.1 mg, 32%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.195 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 394.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.21-7.28 (q, 2H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.04-3.17 (m, 3H), 3.01 (s, 3H), 2.27-2.34 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 1.93-2.02 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.61 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.43 (m, 2H), 1.25-1.33 (m, 2H), 1.02-1.05 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 6H).

Example 180 Synthesis of Compound 222

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 222a

To a solution of compound 221a (20 mg, 0.04 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added Pd/C (10 mg, 10 wt %). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature under H₂ atmosphere for 1 h, LC-MS showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was filtered though a pad of celite, and the filtrate was concentrated to the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) to afford compound 222a (18 mg, 91%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 222

Compound 222a (18 mg, 0.036 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL). The mixture was stirred at 125° C. for 20 min in microwave. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC (basic) to afford compound 222 (3.1 mg, 22%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.243 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 398.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.16-7.18 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.06-7.08 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.08-3.13 (m, 1H), 3.03 (s, 3H), 2.97-3.02 (m, 2H), 2.50-2.54 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.92-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.57 (m, 4H), 1.32-1.39 (m, 2H), 1.22-1.27 (m, 2H), 1.12-1.19 (m, 2H), 0.84-0.85 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 6H).

Example 181 Synthesis of Compound 223

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 221B

n-BuLi (2.5 M in hexane, 11.88 mL, 29.7 mmol) was added to a solution of compound 221A (2.216 g, 3.175 mL, 27 mmol) in THF (80 mL) at −78° C., and the reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 30 min and at 0° C. for 30 min. After cooled to −78° C., the reaction mixture was treated with n-Bu₃SnCl (9.67 g, 8 mL, 29.7 mmol), and allowed to warm to room temperature over 5 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was partitioned between diethyl ether (100 mL) and H₂O (3×80 mL). The diethyl ether layer was washed with brine (80 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and concentrated. Flash chromatography of the crude product on Al₂O₃ eluting with petroleum ether afforded compound 221B (9 g, 90%) as a colorless oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 221b

To a solution of compound 211a (800 mg, 2.04 mmol) and compound 221B (3.79 mg, 10.18 mmol) in toluene (25 mL) was added Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (72 mg) under N₂ atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 135° C. for 45 min in microwave. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the residue. The residue was partitioned by EtOAc (100 mL) and aqueous of CsF (4M, 80 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted by EtOAc (2×100 mL), the combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×100 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to dryness. Purification of this residue by preparative TLC (petroleum:ethyl acetate=2:1) afforded compound 221b (600 mg, 75%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 221c

A solution of compound 221b (600 mg, 1.52 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (677 mg, 1.68 mmol) in dry toluene (50 mL) was refluxed for 5 h. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 221c (500 mg, 81%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 221, 223 and 224

A mixture of compound 221c (0.5 g, 1.23 mmol) and t-butyl hydroperoxide (3.4 g, ca. 65% solution in water, 24.6 mmol) in NH₄OH/MeOH (10/50 mL) was stirred overnight at room temperature, LCMS showed that the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. Purification of this residue by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and preparative HPLC (basic) afforded compound 221 (60 mg, 12%, 18.50 mg delivered) and then further separated by SFC to afford compound compound 223 (12.5 mg), LC-MS t_(R)=1.069 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 394.2 [M+H]⁺. ee: 98%; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.23-7.28 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.02-3.14 (m, 6H), 2.28-2.29 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.83-2.08 (m, 4H), 1.58-1.66 (m, 1H), 1.26-1.42 (m, 4H), 1.03-1.06 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); and compound 224 (11.50 mg) as a white solid; LC-MS t_(R)=1.064 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 394.2 [M+H]⁺; ee: 98%; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.12-7.17 (m, 2H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 2.87-3.06 (m, 6H), 2.16-2.17 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.71-1.90 (m, 4H), 1.45-1.49 (m, 1H), 1.14-1.30 (m, 4H), 0.87-0.93 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 6H).

Example 182 Synthesis of Compound 225

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 225b

To a solution of compound 225a (80 mg, 0.22 mmol) in ClCH₂CH₂Cl (8 mL) was added Cu(OAc)₂.H₂O (90 mg, 0.45 mmol), BiPy (70 mg, 0.45 mmol), Na₂CO₃ (60 mg, 0.45 mmol) and cyclopropylboronic (20 mg, 0.23 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 70° C. in the open air for 6 h. The mixture was quenched by saturated NH₄Cl (3 mL). The mixture was partitioned with CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) and water (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure to anhydrousness. The residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 225b (31 mg, 31%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 225c

A suspension of compound 225b (28 mg, 0.07 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (35 mg, 0.08 mol) in anhydrous toluene (10 mL) was heated at reflux for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 225c (13 mg, 45%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 225

A solution of compound 225c (13 mg, 0.03 mmol), t-BuOOH (60 mg, 0.6 mmol), NH₃—H₂O (0.5 mL) in EtOH (2 mL) was stirred at 20° C. for 10 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (eluent:CH₂Cl₂:CH₃OH=15:1) to give compound 225 (4.2 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.06 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 404 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.05-7.11 (m, 2H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 2.86-3.09 (m, 3H), 2.42-2.46 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.47-1.54 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.36 (m, 1H), 1.02-1.28 (m, 4H), 0.85-0.95 (m, 2H), 0.70-0.80 (m, 3H), 0.61-0.68 (m, 3H).

Example 183 Synthesis of Compound 226

According to a similar synthesis of compound 225, compound 226a (100 mg, 0.28 mmol) was coupled with cyclopropylboronic (25 mg, 0.3 mmol) to give compound 226b (57 mg, 50%) as a white solid.

Compound 226b (55 mg, 0.13 mmol) wad then reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (65 mg, 0.716 mol) to give compound 226c (26 mg, 36%) as a yellow solid, which was converted to compound 226 as a white solid (16 mg, 62%). LCMS: t_(R)=1.55 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 420 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.37-7.40 (m, 1H), 7.21-7.23 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 3.34 (s 3H), 2.95-3.15 (m, 3H), 2.54-2.58 (m, 1H), 1.92-2.02 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.80 (d, 1H), 1.58-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.15-1.40 (m, 4H), 0.98-2.05 (m, 2H), 0.84-0.91 (m, 2H), 0.85-0.92 (m, 1H), 0.75-0.81 (m, 1H).

Example 184 Synthesis of Compound 227

A suspension of compound 226 (13 mg, 0.03 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (5 mg, 0.03 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (1 mg, 0.003 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.1 mL, 2 N in water) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) was heated at 120° C. for 15 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 227 (0.7 mg, 5%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.82 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 439 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.89-7.95 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.69 (m, 3H), 7.41-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.07-3.18 (m, 3H), 2.57-2.62 (m, 1H), 1.96-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.21-1.41 (m, 5H), 1.00-1.10 (m, 2H), 0.75-0.96 (m, 2H)

Example 185 Synthesis of Compound 228

According to a similar synthesis of compound 227, compound 226 (7 mg, 0.017 mmol) was coupled with compound 228a (3.8 mg, 0.02 mmol) to give compound 228 (8.7 mg, 30%) as a white trifluoroacetic salt solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.973 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 485.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.98 (s, 1H), 8.76 (s, 1H), 8.26 (s, 1H), 7.66-7.64 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.45-7.43 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.15-3.04 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 2H), 2.63 (s, 1H), 1.925 (m, 2H), 1.71 (m, 1H), 1.32 (s, 3H), 1.28-1.25 (m, 3H), 1.03 (m, 2H), 0.91 (m, 1H), 0.81 (s, 1H).

Example 186 Synthesis of Compound 229

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 229a

To a solution of compound 225a (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (120 mg, 0.8 mmol) and bromo-cyclobutane (75 mg, 0.55 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 20° C. for 20 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 229a (81 mg, 73%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 229

According to a similar synthesis of compound 225, compound 229a (80 mg, 0.19 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (82 mg, 0.2 mol) to give compound 229b (33 mg, 40%) as a white solid. Compound 229b (30 mg, 0.07 mmol) was then converted to compound 229 (3.5 mg, 10%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=2.00 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 418 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.42-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.29 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.45 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.32 (m, 3H), 2.54-2.56 (m, 1H), 2.02-2.19 (m, 3H), 1.30-1.60 (m, 7H), 0.99-1.02 (m, 2H), 0.82-0.84 (m, 2H), 0.50-0.73 (m, 3H).

Example 187 Synthesis of Compound 230

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 230c

To a solution of compound 230a (17 g, 0.1 mol) and compound 230b (14.4 g, 0.1 mol) in EtOH (100 mL), piperidium acetate (1.45 g, 0.01 mol) was added. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min and then cooled to 0° C., NaBH₃CN (9.45 g, 0.15 mol) was added portionwise upon cooling. After addition, the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C. and quenched with 1 M HCl till gas evolution ceased. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×100 mL), the combined organic layers were evaporated and the residue was recrystallized from MeOH to give a white solid 230c, which was used in the next step directly. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz TMS): δ 7.48 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.40 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (t, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.47 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 2H), 1.70 (s, 3H), 1.55 (s, 3H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 230d

The crude product of compound 230c was dissolved in pyridine (45 mL) and water (15 mL). The mixture was heated at reflux for 2 h and then diluted with water (100 mL), acidified with conc. HCl till pH=2. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×100 mL), the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporated to give of compound 230d (11 g, 50% yield for two steps) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz TMS): δ 7.48 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.95 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.64 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 230e

Compound 230d (9 g, 0.04 mol) was added portionwise to ClSO₃H (100 mL) while cooling with ice-water bath. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1.5 h and then poured into ice water carefully. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×200 mL), the combined organic layers were evaporated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:EtOAc=10:1) to give compound 230e (4.44 g, 55% yield) as a clear oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz TMS): δ 7.95 (s, 1H), 7.77-7.75 (m, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.17-3.14 (m, 2H), 2.72-2.68 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 230f

Compound 230e (4.44 g, 22 mmol), (CH₂O)_(n) (3 g, 0.1 mol) and N-methyl-aniline trifluoroacetate (7.15 g, 35 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous THF (50 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was heated at reflux overnight and then diluted with water (˜100 mL), extracted with EtOAc (3×100 mL), the combined organic layers were evaporated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:EtOAc=10:1) to give compound 230f (2.5 g, 54%) as a yellow liquid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz TMS): δ 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.87 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.47-6.46 (m, 1H), 5.76 (s, 1H), 3.85 (s, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 230g

Compound 230f (2.5 g, 11 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL), the solution was cooled in acetone/dry ice bath. Trimethyl-(1-methylene-allyloxy)-silane (1.85 g, 12 mmol) and BF₃.Et₂O (0.84 g, 5 mmol) were added subsequently. The reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 20 min and then diluted with MeOH (20 mL), after warmed to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL), the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporated, the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 230g (400 mg, 13%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 230h and 230i

Compound 230g (400 mg, 1.4 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (4 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere, cooled in acetone-dry ice bath, NaBH₄ (32 mg, 0.84 mmol) was added in one portion. The reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 5 min and then quenched with MeOH, after warmed to 0° C., the mixture was diluted with EtOAc, washed with water, the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc, the combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporated, the crude product containing compound 230h and compound 230i was used in the next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 230j

The crude product containing compound 230h and compound 230i was dissolved in anhydrous THF (5 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere and cooled to 0° C., NaH (168 mg, 2.1 mmol) was added in one portion, after 10 min MeI (986 mg, 7 mmol) was added in one portion. After addition, the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The mixture was quenched by addition of water at 0° C. and extracted with EtOAc, the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporated, and the residue was purified by prep. TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=4:1) to give compound 230j (100 mg, 24% yield for 2 steps) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 230k

Compound 230j (50 mg, 0.17 mmol), KCN (33 mg, 0.51 mmol) and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (121 mg, 1.26 mmol) was suspended in HCONH₂ (1.5 mL) and the mixture was heated at 90° C. in a steel autoclave for 3 days. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was poured onto crashed ice and stirred for 20 min, and then acidified with conc. HCl till pH=2. The solid precipitated out was collected by filtration and washed with water, and then the solid was dissolved in EtOAc and washed with water, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporated to give compound 230k (35 mg, 59%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 230

According to a similar synthesis of compound 229, compound 230k (35 mg, 0.1 mmol) was methylated with MeI (14 mg, 0.1 mmol) to give compound 2301 (27 mg, 70%) as a yellow solid.

Compound 2301 (27 mg, 0.07 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's reagent (40 mg, 0.1 mmol) to give compound 230m (15 mg, 57%), which was converted to compound 230 (1.8 mg, 12%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.925 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 382.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.59 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.03 (m, 6H), 2.00-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.74 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.28 (m, 5H). ¹⁹F NMR (690-190-1C7 CD₃OD 19F): δ −63.57

Example 188 Synthesis of Compound 231

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231d

According to a similar synthesis of compound 230e in compound 230, compound 231a (1.0 g, 5.26 mmol) was reacted compound 231A (75 mg, 0.53 mmol) to give compound 231b (0.8 g, 47%) as a white solid, which was used directly in next step without purification.

Compound 231b (5.0 g, 15.72 mmol) was heated in pyridine/H₂O (15 mL/5 mL) to give compound 231c (3.0 g, 82%) as a colorless oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ 7.17 (m, 2H), 7.07 (m, 2H), 2.89 (m, 2H), 2.61 (m, 2H).

Compound 231c (4.0 g, 17.09 mmol) was converted to compound 231d (1.1 g, 30%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.43 (m, 1H), 7.33 (m, 1H), 3.07 (m, 2H), 2.67 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231e

To a refluxed solution of compound 231d (4.7 g, 21.76 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (40 mL) was added Triton B (2.45 mL, 13.49 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reflux solution was kept stirring for 30 min, then methyl acrylate (25 mL, 281.7 mmol) was added and the resulting solution was stirred at reflux overnight. The reaction solution was poured into water and extracted with EtOAc (2×100 mL). The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatograph on silica gel to give compound 231e (4.0 g, 48%) as a colorless oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231f

To a solution of compound 231e (2.6 g, 6.70 mmol) in 50 mL of anhydrous toluene was added NaH (1.07 g, 26.80 mmol) portionwise under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was heated to reflux overnight. Brine (10 mL) was added to quench the reaction, and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×25 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatograph on silica gel to give compound 231f (1.2 g, 52%) as a colorless oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231g

To a solution of compound 231f (1.2 g, 3.37 mmol) in MeOH/H₂O (2.4 mL/7.6 mL) was added NaOH (0.92 g, 23.02 mmol). The mixture was heated at reflux for 1 h. Then the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature and extracted with EtOAc (2×50 mL). The combined organic layer was dried, evaporated under reduced pressure to give crude compound 231g (0.6 g, crude), which was used in next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231h and 231i

To a solution of compound 231g (0.6 g, 2.01 mmol) in 10 mL of anhydrous THF was added NaBH₄ (22.8 mg, 0.60 mmol) at −78° C. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 5 min, and MeOH (5 mL) and EtOAc (5 mL) were added. The resulting mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature. Water (5 mL) was added, and the organic layer was separated, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure to give the crude procut containing compound 231h and compound 231i (0.3 g, crude), which was used for next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231j

A crude mixture containing compound 231h and compound 231i (0.3 g, 1.00 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL) was added NaH (160 mg, 4.0 mmol) at 0° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred for 30 min at room temperature, and then MeI (1.54 g, 10.0 mmol) was added. The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction was quenched by addition of brine (5 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure to give crude compound 231j (0.3 g, 96%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231k

To a solution of compound 231j (0.3 g, 0.96 mmol) in 10 mL of acetonitrile was added CsF (580 mg, 3.83 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 30 min, then bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (712 mg, 3.827 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 1 h. 5 mL of water was added to quench the reaction and extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure to give the crude compound 231k (0.28 g, crude), which was used for the next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231l

To a solution of compound 231k (0.28 g, 0.85 mmol) in EtOH/H₂O (10 mL/10 mL) was added KCN (0.22 g, 3.42 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (1.2 g, 11.95 mmol). The mixture was heated to 75° C. overnight in a sealed tube. Then the reaction was cooled to room temperature, water (10 mL) and EtOAc (10 mL) were added. The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative TLC to give compound 2311 (0.1 g, 30%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231m

To a solution of compound 2311 (40 mg, 0.10 mmol) in anhydrous toluene was added Lawesson's reagent (46 mg, 0.12 mmol). The mixture was heated to 120° C. in a microwave reactor for 30 min. Then the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by preparative TLC to give compound 231m (30 mg, 70%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231n

To a solution of compound 231m (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) in 3 mL of DMF was added K₂CO₃ (86 mg, 0.63 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 10 min at room temperature, then MeI (48 mg, 0.31 mmol) was added. The final mixture was stirred at room temperature and monitored by preparative TLC. When compound 231m was consumed, brine (50 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (5 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative TLC to give compound 231n (36 mg, 67%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 231

To a solution of compound 231n (16 mg, 0.037 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (3 mL) was added NH₄I (59 mg, 0.37 mmol). The mixture was heated to 120° C. for 2.5 h in a microwave reactor. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 231 (13 mg, 87%) as a gray solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.579 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 398 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD): δ 7.45 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (m, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.12-3.21 (m, 6H), 1.97-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.39-1.50 (m, 4H), 1.28-1.35 (m, 1H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD): 5-59.57.

Example 189 Synthesis of Compound 232

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 232b

To a solution of pyrrolidine (138 mg, 1.94 mmol) in toluene (15 mL) was added t-BuONa (186 mg, 1.94 mmol). After stirring at room temperature for 5 min under a N₂ atmosphere, compound 232a (400 mg, 1.29 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (135 mg, 0.13 mmol) and BINAP (121 mg, 0.19 mmol) was added under a nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was heated at 120° C. with stirring for 1.5 h in a microwave reactor. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum/ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 232b (370 mg, 91%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 232

According to a similar synthesis for I-6 described in Example I-2, compound 232b (300 mg, 1.00 mmol) was condensed to form hydantoin 232c (100 mg, 27%) as a white solid.

Compound 232c (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (109 mg, 0.27 mmol) to give compound 232d (50 mg, 48%) as a white solid.

Then compound 232d (20 mg, 0.052 mmol) was dimethylated with MeI (30 mg, 0.21 mmol) to give compound 232e (15 mg, 72%) as a white solid, which was converted to compound 232 (2.1 mg, 14%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.882 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 383 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.09-7.11 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.50-6.52 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.27 (s, 1H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 2.91-3.02 (m, 2H), 1.92-2.00 (m, 5H), 1.83 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.59 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.42 (m, 2H), 1.22-1.35 (m, 3H).

Example 190 Synthesis of Compound 233

According to a similar synthesis for I-4 described in Example I-2, compound 233a (300 mg, 1.15 mmol) was condensed to give compound 233b (150 mg, 39%) as a white solid.

Compound 233b (50 mg, 0.152 mmol) was reacted with Lawessons reagent (73.5 mg, 0.182 mmol) to give compound 233c (30 mg, 58%) as a white solid.

Compound 233c (30 mg, 0.0867 mmol) was dimethylated with iodomethane (18.5 mg, 0.130 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) to give crude compound 233d (26 mg, 80%) as a white solid, which was converted to compound 233 (2.8 mg, 15%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.884 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 344.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.25 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (dd, J=2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 3.01-3.08 (m, 2H), 1.96-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.84 (d, 1H), 1.27-1.49 (m, 5H).

Example I-3 Synthesis of (1r,4r)-6′-hydroxy-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (I-9)

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-8

To a solution of compound I-7 (500 mg, 1.61 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL), was added KOAc (0.46 g, 4.69 mmol), 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (450 mg, 1.77 mmol) and PdCl₂(dppf) (150 mg, 0.18 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was stirred at 100° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 1 h. LCMS showed the complete consumption of compound I-7. Water (5 mL) was added to the mixture, and the precipitate was filtered off through a pad of celite, and then was washed with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic fractions were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound I-8 (284 mg, 50%) as a black solid which was used in the next step without further purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.21 (m, 1H), 2.96 (s, 2H), 2.06 (m, 2H), 1.64 (m, 2H), 1.56 (m, 2H), 1.44 (m, 2H), 1.31 (s, 12H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-9

To a solution of compound I-8 (100 mg, 0.28 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added HOAc (0.2 mL) and H₂O₂ (1 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was quenched by addition of NaHSO₃ solution (10 mL), and then was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to afford the crude product which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc (100:10 to 30:10) to afford (1r,4r)-6′-hydroxy-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (I-9) (50 mg, 72%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.24 (s, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.26 (m, 1H), 2.86 (s, 2H), 2.20-2.21 (m, 2H), 1.68-1.69 (m, 2H), 1.44-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.40 (m, 2H).

Example 191 Synthesis of Compound 134

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 234a

To a solution of compound I-9 (360 mg, 1.46 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (403.5 mg, 2.92 mmol), and compound 234A (373.6 mg, 1.60 mmol), the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction was added with H₂O (5 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 234a (320 mg, 66%) as a white solid, which was used in the next step without further purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ 7.35 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 4.26 (dd, J=8.1, 16.2 Hz, 2H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.25-3.29 (m, 1H), 2.91 (s, 2H), 1.97-2.28 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.32-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.23-1.35 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 234b

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 234a (320 mg, 0.97 mmol), KCN (126.8 mg, 1.95 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (702.4 mg, 7.31 mmol) and formamide (20 mL). The mixture was heated at 100° C. for 72 h. The reaction mixture was cooled and poured into ice. The mixture was filtrated to collect the solid, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), and was washed with water (2×50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the crude product, which was purified by preparative TLC eluting with hexane:EtOAc=1:1 to afford compound 234b (90 mg, 23%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.080 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 399.1[M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 234c

To a solution of compound 234b (70 mg, 0.17 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (2 mL) was added Lawesson's Reagent (71 mg, 0.17 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 3 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC eluting with hexane:EtOAc=3:1 to afford compound 234c (40 mg, 57%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.165 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 415.1[M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 234d

To a solution of compound 234c (40 mg, 0.096 mmol) in CH₃CN (2 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (53.2 mg, 0.39 mmol). After being stirred for 5 min, MeI (56.8 mg, 0.39 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 10 min and at 100° C. for another 10 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was filtered through pad of celite, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative TLC eluting with hexane:EtOAc=3:1 to give compound 234d (30 mg, 70%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.397 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 443.1 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 234

A solution of compound 234d (30 mg, 0.067 mmol), NH₄I (97.3 mg, 0.67 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 3 h. After being cooled, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC eluting with dichloromethane:methanol=10:1 and by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 234 (2.4 mg, 8%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.406 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 412.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 4.50 (dd, J=8.4, 15.6 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.35 (m, 1H), 3.14-3.27 (m, 2H), 3.03 (s, 3H), 1.97-2.16 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.36-1.42 (m, 2H), 1.27-1.36 (m, 2H).

Example 192 Synthesis of Compound 235

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 235b

To a solution of compound 235a (100 mg, 0.3 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) were added compound 235A (104.8 mg, 0.45 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (117 mg, 0.45 mol). After addition, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=1:1) to give compound 235b with 49% purity (10.0 mg, 28%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.80 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 402.2 [M+H]⁺

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 235c

To a mixture of compound 235b (30.0 mg, 0.07 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (30.0 mg, 0.07 mmol). The mixture was heated to 130° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 1 h. After cooling down, the precipitate was filtered off and washed with ethyl acetate (40 mL×2). The filtrate and the washing were concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) to give compound 235c with 80% purity (10.0 mg, 33%) as a pale yellow solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.888 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 418.2 [M+H]⁺

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 235

To a solution of compound 235c (10 mg, 0.023 mmol) in EtOH (4 mL) was added NH₃H₂O (1 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (0.20 g, 2.22 mol). After addition, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 235 with 93% purity (8.0 mg, 74%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.823 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 401.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.35-7.33 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.07-7.04 (m, 1H), 6.909-6.904 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.35-4.31 (m, 2H), 3.60-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 3.18-3.08 (m, 3H), 2.98 (s, 6H), 2.09-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.89-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.47-1.26 (m, 5H).

Example 193 Synthesis of Compound 236

According to a similar synthesis of compound 235, compound 235a (50 mg, 0.15 mmol) was alkylated with compound 236A (33.5 mg, 0.225 mmol) to give compound 236a with 84% purity (60.0 mg, 94%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.113 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 399.2 [M+H]⁺

Compound 236a (60 mg, 0.15 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's reagent (60.0 g, 0.15 mmol) to give compound 236b with 80% purity (38.0 mg, 62%) as a pale yellow solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.416 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 415.1 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 236b (38 mg, 0.09 mmol) was finally converted to compound 236 (6.3 mg, 16%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.117 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 398.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.16-7.14 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.071-7.045 (m, 1H), 6.90 (m, 1H), 4.73 (s, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 1H), 3.02 (s, 3H), 2.97 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.80 (m, 5H), 1.61 (m, 3H), 1.39-1.23 (m, 4H).

Example 194 Synthesis of Compound 237

According to a similar synthesis of compound 235, compound 235a (57 mg, 0.172 mmol) was alkylated with compound 237A (34 mg, 0.258 mmol) in Cs₂CO₃ (84 mg, 0.258 mmol) to afford compound 235b (32 mg, 48%).

And compound 235b (32 mg, 0.082 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's reagent (50 mg, 0.124 mmol) to give compound 235c (32 mg, 94%), which was converted to compound 235 (2.9 mg, 10%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.994 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 388 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 300 MHz): δ 7.28 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 4.09 (s, 2H), 3.73 (m, 2H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.31-3.35 (m 3H), 3.19 (s, 4H), 3.01-3.13 (m, 2H), 2.01-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, 2H), 1.27-1.44 (m, 5H).

Example 195 Synthesis of Compound 238

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 238a

To a mixture of compound 235a (40 mg, 0.12 mmol), compound 238A (40 mg, 0.24 mmol), Et₃N (0.1 mL, 0.6 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added molecular sieves (40 mg) and Cu(OAc)₂ (44 mg, 0.24 mmol) at room temperature. The resulting suspension was stirred at room temperature under O₂ atmosphere overnight. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL) and filtered through a pad of Celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC with petroleum ether: ethyl acetate (3:1) to give compound 238a (20 mg, 45%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.321 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 437 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 238

A suspension of compound 238a (30 mg, 0.068 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (31 mg, 0.075 mmol) in dry toluene (3 mL) was heated under 120° C. for 45 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum:ethyl acetate=5:1) to give compound 238b (15 mg, 50% purity) as a yellow solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.435 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 453.1 [M+H]⁺.

The mixture of compound 238b (15 mg, 0.033 mmol), t-BuOOH (80 mg, 0.887 mmol) in ammonia (3 mL) and methanol (1 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to the residue, which was purified by acidic preparative HPLC to give compound 238 (3.5 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.000 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 436 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.28 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (t, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (dd, J=8.4 Hz, 2.8, 1H), 6.66 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.14 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 3.08 (s, 1H), 3.05 (s, 1H), 3.01 (s, 1H), 2.01 (m, 2H), 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.62 (m, 1H), 1.39 (m, 4H).

Example 196 Synthesis of Compound 239

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 239a

To a suspension of compound 239A (70 mg, 0.816 mmol), compound I-9 (100 mg, 0.408 mmol), and Na₂CO₃ (71 mg, 0.816 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) was added a suspension of Cu(OAc)₂ (74 mg, 0.408 mmol) and pyridine (33 mg, 0.408 mmol) in hot toluene (4 mL). The reaction mixture was warmed to 70° C. and stirred overnight under air. The result mixture was cooled to room temperature, and a saturated aqueous NH₄Cl solution was added, followed by water. The organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The combine organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum:EtOAc=3:1) to afford compound 239a (15 mg, 13%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=8.8 Hz 1H), 7.14 (m, 1H), 3.69 (m, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.21 (m, 1H), 2.89 (s, 2H), 2.09 (m, 2H), 1.70 (m, 2H), 1.44 (m, 2H), 1.28 (m, 3H), 0.73 (m, 2H), 0.68 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 239b

To a solution of compound 239a (150 mg, 0.524 mmol) in dry CH₃CN (2 mL) was added CsF (239 mg, 1.573 mmol) under N₂. The reaction mixture was heated at 50° C. for 15 min, and bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (0.59 mL, 2.62 mmol) was added. The final reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. overnight. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and quenched with water (10 mL), extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 239b (120 mg, crude), which was used for the next step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 239c

In a 30 mL sealed tube was added compound 239b (120 mg, 0.387 mmol), KCN (101 mg, 1.548 mmol) and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (376 mg, 3.87 mmol). To this solid was added H₂O (2 mL) and EtOH (2 mL). The sealed tube was capped and heated in an oil bath at 75° C. overnight. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and water was added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×3). The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 239c (138 mg, 100%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 239

According to a similar synthesis of compound 229, compound 239c (138 mg, 0.387 mmol) was methylated with MeI (55 mg, 0.387 mmol) to give compound 239d (100 mg, 70%) as a white solid.

Compound 239d (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) in dry toluene (3 mL) was reacted with Lawesson's reagent (164 mg, 0.405 mmol) to give compound 239e (60 mg, 58%) as a white solid, which was converted to compound 239 (8.5 mg, 15%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.040 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 370 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.25 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 3.74 (m, 1H), 3.33 (s, 1H), 3.11 (m, 4H), 3.04 (m, 3H), 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.83 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.25 (m, 3H), 0.75-0.58 (m, 4H).

Example 197 Synthesis of Compound 240

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 240b

To a solution of compound 235a (80 mg, 0.242 mmol) in dry toluene (2 mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (118 mg, 0.291 mmol) under N₂. The reaction mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 130° C. for 60 min. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) to give compound 240b (20 mg, 24%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 240c

To a solution of compound 240b (30 mg, 0.0865 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added NaH (13 mg, 0.346 mmol) at 0° C. After stirring for 1 h, compound 240A (43 mg, 0.259 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched with water (15 mL), extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to afford compound 240c (30 mg, impure) as an oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 240

To a solution of compound 240c (15 mg, 0.031 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (2 mL) was added NH₄I (46 mg, 0.31 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 120° C. for 2 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 240 (2.0 mg, 17%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.017 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 498 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.15 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 3.92 (m, 2H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 3.09 (s, 3H), 2.97 (m, 3H), 1.95 (m, 2H), 1.73 (m, 1H), 1.54 (m, 2H), 1.38-1.23 (m, 4H), 1.27 (m, 1H), 0.75 (m, 1H), 0.36 (m, 2H), 0.05 (m, 2H).

Example 198 Synthesis of Compounds 241, 242 and 243

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 241a and 241b

A mixture of compound 235a (80 mg, 0.19 mmol), compound 241A (98 mg, 0.38 mmol), and Cs₂CO₃ (93 mg, 0.29 mmol) in dry DMSO (1.5 mL) was heated at 50° C. overnight. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. After cooling to room temperature, water (10 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) were added and the mixture was stirred for 15 min. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to afford a mixture of compounds 241a and 241b (70 mg, 60%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 241b

A solution of compounds 241a and 241b (70 mg, 0.157 mmol) in HOAc (2 mL) was heated to 50° C. To the solution was added Zn dust (31 mg, 0.0.471 mmol) under N₂ in portions. After stirring at 70° C. overnight, water (10 mL) and CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) were added and the mixture was stirred for 30 min. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL*3). The combined organic layers were washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=1:1) to afford compound 241b (20 mg, 29%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.24 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 5.96-5.68 (m, 1H), 5.51 (d, 1H), 3.29 (s, 3H), 3.12 (m, 3H), 2.96 (s, 3H), 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 1.38 (m, 1H), 1.27 (m, 4H), 1.19 (m, 1H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 241c

To a solution of compound 241b (40 mg, 0.093 mmol) in dry toluene (2.5 mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (56 mg, 0.140 mmol) under N₂. The reaction mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 130° C. for 1 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 241c (30 mg, 71%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 241

To a solution of compound 241c (30 mg, 0.067 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) and NH₃.H₂O (0.6 mL) was added t-BuOOH (197 mg, 13.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 241 (9 mg, 31%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.063 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 430 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.43 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 6.42-6.06 (tt, 1H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.22-3.13 (m, 6H), 2.15 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.48 (m, 3H), 1.41-1.22 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ −89.826, −139.278

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 242 and 243

Compound 241 (80 mg, 0.186 mmol) was separated by SFC to give compound 243 (15 mg, 19%), LC-MS t_(RA)=0.899 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 430 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.36 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 6.41-6.15 (t, J=52.8 Hz 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.15-3.13 (m, 3H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, 1H), 1.66 (m, 1H), 1.41 (m, 2H), 1.29 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ −89.925, −139.348; ee %:100%; and compound 242 (30 mg, 38%) as white solids. LC-MS t_(RB)=0.893 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 430 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.25 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (s, 1H), 6.17-6.03 (t, J=52.8 Hz, 1H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.98 (m, 3H), 2.95 (s, 3H), 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.71 (m, 1H), 1.51 (m, 1H), 1.27 (m, 2H), 1.16 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ −89.918, −139.343; ee %:100%.

Example 199 Synthesis of Compounds 244, 245 and 246

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 244a

To a solution of compound I-9 (380 mg, 1.53 mmol in DMF (5 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (422.2 mg, 3.06 mmol), and compound 244A (249.2 mg, 1.84 mmol), the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction was added with H₂O (10 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 244a (380 mg, 67%) as a white solid which was used in the next step without further purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.27 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 3.69 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.27-3.37 (m, 1H), 2.90 (s, 2H), 1.97-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.72 (m, 2H), 1.48-1.55 (m, 2H), 1.34-1.43 (m, 2H), 1.27-1.34 (m, 1H), 0.79-0.80 (m, 2H), 0.28-0.32 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 244

According to a similar synthesis for I-6 described in Example I-2, compound 244a (380 mg, 1.26 mmol) was condensed to hydantoin 244b (70 mg, 18%) as white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.191 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=371.2 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 244b (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (60 mg, 0.14 mmol) under N₂ to afford compound 244c (30 mg, 57%) as a white solid, which was methylated with MeI (45.6 mg, 0.31 mmol) to give compound 244d (20 mg, 65%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.412 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=415.2 [M+H]⁺.

Finally, compound 244d (20 mg, 0.046 mmol) was converted to compound 244 (2.4 mg, 5%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.678 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=384.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.18 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 3.77 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.27 (m, 1H), 3.27-3.15 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 2.01-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.94-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.59-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.39 (m, 2H), 1.39-1.29 (m, 2H), 0.61-0.60 (m, 2H), 0.34-0.31 (m, 2H).

Compound 244 (˜400 mg) was purified by SFC to give compound 245 (133.7 mg, 27%), LCMS: t_(R)=0.833 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=384.1 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=5.82 min in 16 min chromatography, ee %=100%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.17-7.15 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.81-6.79 (dd, J=2.4, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 3.78 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.27-3.12 (m, 1H), 3.04 (m, 4H), 2.97-2.93 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.01-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.93-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.31 (m, 2H), 1.31-1.28 (m, 3H), 0.61-0.60 (m, 2H), 0.36-0.35 (m, 2H).

& compound 246 (144 mg, 29%) as white solids; LCMS: t_(R)=1.080 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=384.3 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=9.28 min in 16 min chromatography, ee %=99%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.17-7.15 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.81-6.79 (dd, J=2.4, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 3.78 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.27-3.12 (m, 1H), 3.04 (m, 4H), 2.97-2.93 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.01-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.93-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.31 (m, 2H), 1.31-1.28 (m, 3H), 0.61-0.60 (m, 2H), 0.36-0.35 (m, 2H).

Example 200 Synthesis of Compound 247

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 247a

To a solution of compound I-9 (1.0 g, 4.06 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (0.62 g, 4.47 mol). The mixture was bubbled with a flow of chloro-difluoro-methane at 85° C. for 6 h. Water (10 mL) was added and extracted with EtOAc (2×15 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with al. sat. NH₄Cl (2×10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated under vacuum to give the crude. The crude was purified by preparative TLC (hexane:EtOAc=5:1) to afford compound 247a (420 mg, 35%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 247

According to a similar synthesis for compound I-6 described in Example I-2, compound 247a (420 mg, 1.42 mmol) was condensed to hydantoin 247b (45 mg, 8%) as a white solid. And compound 247b (40 mg, 0.11 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's reagent (53 mg, 0.13 mmol) to give compound 247c (36 mg, 85%) as a whit solid.

Compound 247c (36 mg, 0.094 mmol) was then dimethylated with iodomethane (20 mg, 0.14 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) to afford compound 247d (21 mg, 54%) as a white solid, which was converted to compound 247 (6.1 mg, 31%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.008 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 380 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 1H): δ 7.32 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (dd, J=2.4, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.52-6.89 (m, 1H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 3.09 (m, 1H), 3.00-3.07 (m, 2H), 1.92-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.77 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.42 (m, 5H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F): δ −83.426

Example 201 Synthesis of Compound 248

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 248a

A suspension of compound I-9 (247 mg, 2.03 mmol), 248A (500 mg, 2.03 mmol), Cu(OAc)₂ (737 mg, 4.06 mmol), Et₃N (1.42 mL, 10.05 mmol) and molecular sieves (200 mg) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) was stirred under open air at room temperature overnight. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=10:1) to give compound 248a (0.45 g, 85%) as a brown oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 248b

A steel autoclave were charged with a mixture of compound 248a (450 mg, 1.4 mmol), KCN (180 mg, 2.8 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (1.1 g, 11.3 mmol) and formamide (15 mL). The mixture was heated at 120° C. for 72 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled and poured into ice. After acidification with concentrated HCl (20 mL), the mixture was filtrated to give the solid, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate (600 mL) and washed with water (2×150 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The crude product was purified by re-crystallization from ethyl acetate to afford compound 248b (0.18 g, 33%) as a black solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 248c

To a solution of compound 248b (180 mg, 0.46 mmol) in CH₃CN (3.0 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (100 mg, 0.69 mmol). After stirring for 5 min, MeI (98 mg, 0.60 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 80° C. for 35 min in a microwave reactor. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 248c (120 mg, 87%) as a yellow solid, which was used for the next step directly without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 248d

A suspension of compound 248c (120 mg, 0.29 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (143 mg, 0.35 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (3 mL) was heated at 120° C. for 45 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 248d (60 mg, 90%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 248

A solution of compound 248d (60 mg, 0.14 mmol), t-BuOOH (255 mg, 2.84 mmol) in a solution of NH₄OH/MeOH (2 mL/5 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed by evaporation to give the residue, which was purified by preparative RP-HPLC (acid) to give compound 248 (17.2 mg, 30%) (TFA salt) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.967 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 406.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.37-7.30 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 3H), 7.14-7.09 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 7.01-6.91 (m, 4H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.19 (s, 4H), 3.15-3.12 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.09-2.04 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.51-1.29 (m, 5H).

Example 202 Synthesis of Compound 249

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 249b

To a 1000 mL round bottle flask were charged 4-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (249a) (5.04 g, 33.6 mmol), paraformaldehyde (10.08 g, 336 mmol), phenylboronic acid (4.92 g, 40.3 mmol) followed by toluene (235 mL), to the suspension was added TFA 2.6 mL, 33.6 mmol), and the resulting suspension was refluxed for 4 hrs, which resulted a clear yellowish solution. The solution was cooled to room temperature, and the pH was adjusted to 7-8 by adding saturated NaHCO₃. After extracting with ethyl acetate, the organic layers were combined, and evaporated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0 to 30% EtOAc/Hexane) to give 4-fluoro-2-methylene-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (249b) (3.91 g, 72%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.49 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 163 [M+H]⁺

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 249c

To a solution of 4-fluoro-2-methylene-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (249b) (3.71 g, 22.9 mmol) and (buta-1,3-dien-2-yloxy)trimethylsilane (5.2 mL, 29.8 mmol) in DCM (200 mL) at 0° C., there was added BF₃.Et₂O (0.5 mL dropwise. The resulting solution was stirred at 0° C. for another 30 min, quenched with MeOH (0.3 mL), warmed to room temperature, acidified with 2N HCl aqueous solution (15 mL) and extracted with DCM (10 mL×4). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporated, and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (0 to 50% EtOAc/Hexane) to give 4′-fluorospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione (249c) (2.77 g, 49%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.41 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 233 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 249d

To a solution of 4′-fluorospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione (249c) (2.77 g, 11.9 mmol) in THF (40 mL) at −78° C., there was added NaBH₄ (0.45 g, 11.9 mmol) portion by portion (control the temperature below −70° C.). The resulting solution was stirred at −78° C. for another 30 min, and −78° C. acetone was added to quench the extra NaBH₄. The reaction mixture was then allowed to warm to room temperature, water (10 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×4), combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and evaporated to dryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0 to 60% EtOAc/Hexane) to give (1r,4r)-4′-fluoro-4-hydroxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (249d) and its isomer as a 3:1 mixture (2.35 g, 84%), which could not be separated by normal phase chromatography. LC-MS t_(R)=1.29 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 235 [M+H]⁺. For its isomer, LC-MS t_(R)=1.37 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 235 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 249e

To a solution of (1r,4r)-4′-fluoro-4-hydroxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (249d) (2.11 g, 9.0 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (30 mL) there was added NaH (60% in mineral oil, 1.80 g, 27.0 mmol) slurry in DMF (5 mL) dropwise. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, the completion of reaction was confirmed by LC-MS. The reaction was quenched by adding MeOH slowly followed by water, after extraction with DCM, the organic layer was evaporated, and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (20% EtOAc/Hexane) to give (1r,4r)-4′-fluoro-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (5) (1.50 g, 67%), the two isomer still could not be separated. The product was recrystallized with Hexane to give pure isomer 249e (0.94 g, 63%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 249f

According to a similar synthesis of compound I-6 described in Example I-2, (1r,4r)-4′-fluoro-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (249e) (0.22 g, 0.89 mmol) was condensed to hydantoin 249f (100 mg, 64% corrected yield, 99 mg of starting material 249e was recovered). LC-MS t_(R)=0.23 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 319 [M+H]⁺.

Hydantoin 249f (100 mg, 0.31 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (125 mg, 0.31 mmol) to afford thiohydantoin 249g (91.3 mg, 88%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.37 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 335 [M+H]⁺. This thiohydantoin 7 (91.3 mg, 0.27 mmol) was further dimethylated MeI (0.2 mL, excess) to give thioether 249h (79.7 mg, 80%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.74 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 363 [M+H]⁺.

Finally, thioether 249h (40 mg, 0.11 mmol) was converted to compound 249 as a TFA salt (25.6 mg, 70%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.09 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 332 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.26 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.00 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 3.04 (m, 1H), 2.08-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.44-1.22 (m, 5H).

Example 203 Synthesis of Compound 250

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 250a

To a solution of (1r,4r)-4′-fluoro-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (249e) (1.17 g, 4.7 mmol) in concentrate H₂SO₄ (6.0 mL) at 0° C., there was added KNO₃ (0.48 g, 4.7 mmol) in concentrate H₂SO₄ (1.5 mL) dropwise, the resulting solution was stirred at 0° C. for 2 hours, ice was added to stop the reaction, and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×4), combined organics were washed with sat. NaHCO₃ (10 mL), brine (10 mL) dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was removed in vacuum to give (1r,4r)-4′-fluoro-4-methoxy-7′-nitrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (250a) (1.31 g, 95%), which was used for the next step without purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.68 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 294 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 250b

A solution of 1r,4r)-4′-fluoro-4-methoxy-7′-nitrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (250a) (1.31 g, 4.5 mmol) and Pd—C (100 mg) in EtOH (60 mL) was stirred with the connection of a H₂ balloon at room temperature for 5 hours. Reaction completion was confirmed by LC-MS, and the solution was filtered, and removed in vacuum to give (1r,4r)-7′-amino-4′-fluoro-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (250b) (1.18 g, 100%), which was used for the next step without purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.58 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 264 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 250c

To a solution of CuBr₂ (1.25 g, 5.55 mmol) and tert-butyl nitrite (1.48 mL, 11.1 mmol) in anhydrous MeCN (15 mL) at 0° C. there was added 1r,4r)-7′-amino-4′-fluoro-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (250b) (1.17 g, 4.44 mmol) in anhydrous MeCN (5 mL) dropwise to keep the temperature lower than 5° C. After adding, the resulting solution was warmed up slowly to room temperature, and stirred for another 1 hour, quenched with 1N HCl, and extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×4). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄. The solvent was removed in vacuum, and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (0 to 50% EtOAc/Hexane) to give (1r,4r)-7′-bromo-4′-fluoro-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (250c) (1.15 g, 79%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.84 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 327 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 250d

To a solution of 1r,4r)-7′-bromo-4′-fluoro-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (250c) (1.14 g, 3.48 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (35 mL) there was added TiCl₄ (1 M in DCM, 7.0 mL, 7.0 mmol), the resulting solution was stirred at room temperature, then N,N′-methanediylidenebis(1,1,1-trimethylsilanamine) (1.74 mL, 7.6 mmol) was added dropwise. The solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. Water was added, and the mixture was extracted with DCM (10 mL×4). The combined organic layers were washed with water (10 mL), brine (10 mL), and dried over Na₂SO₄. The solvent was removed in vacuum to give crude (E)-N-((1r,4r)-4′-bromo-7′-fluoro-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide (250d) (1.22 g, 100%), which was used for the next step without purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.82 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 351 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 250e

To a 50 mL sealed tube there was charged (E)-N-((1r,4r)-4′-bromo-7′-fluoro-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide (250d) (1.22 g, 3.48 mmol), KCN (0.47 g, 7.0 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (2.34 g, 24.4 mmol), and EtOH (10 mL) and water (10 mL). The tube was sealed, and heated at 75° C. overnight. The solution was cooled to room temperature, and water (15 mL) was added, filtered to give solid product 6 (0.70 g), the filtration was extracted with DCM, after removal of solvent, the residue was purified by flash chromatography to give another 0.24 product 250e (total 68%).

Procedure for Synthesis of Compound 250

Using the similar synthesis of compound 249, compound 250 was synthesized as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.21 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 410 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.48 (m, 1H), 7.14 (m, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.26 (m, 1H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, 1H), 3.00 (m, 1H), 2.06 (m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.26 (m, 5H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.8, −121.0.

Example 204 Synthesis of Compound 251

To a 10 mL CEM tube there was charged compound 251a (102 mg, 0.2 mmol), PdCl₂(pph₃)₂ (7.0 mg), Cs₂CO₃ (130 mg. 0.4 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) and water (0.2 mL). The tube was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 120° C. for 30 min. The solution was filtered, solvent was removed in vacuum, and the residue was purified with HPLC to give compound compound 251 (5.5 mg, 6%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.31 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 433 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.80 (m, 1H), 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.60-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.22 (m, 1H), 7.14 (m, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.30 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.-02 (m, 5H), 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.80 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.24 (m, 5H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77, −120.

Example 205 Synthesis of Compound 252

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 252b

To a well-stirred solution of fuming nitric acid (92 mL) was added compound 252a (20 g, 133 mmol) at 0° C. slowly. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 3 h. TLC showed the reaction was completed, and the reaction mixture was poured into ice (100 g) to give the yellow solid. The resulting mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dissolved in ethyl acetate (200 mL) and washed with water (2×500 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under vacuum to give compound 252b (8.5 g, 33%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.36-8.44 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.42 (m, 1H), 3.18-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.81 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 252c

To a solution of SnCl₂ (39.35 g, 174 mmol) in concentrated aqueous HCl (33 mL) was added a solution of compound 252b (8.5 g, 43.6 mmol) in 95% ethanol (16 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. TLC showed the reaction was completed, and the mixture was treated with 50% aqueous NaOH solution (100 mL) to give the yellow solid. The resulting mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (200 mL). The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give compound 252c (5.5 g, 77%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 6.99-7.20 (m, 2H), 3.79 (s, 2H), 2.93-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.58-2.60 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 252d

A mixture of compound 252c (5.5 g, 33.3 mmol) in concentrated HCl (19 mL) was stirred at room temperature. Then to the mixture was added ice (10 g) and stirred for a few min. Then to the above mixture was added a solution of NaNO₂ (2.59 g, 36.7 mmol) in H₂O (13 mL) slowly while keeping temperature between −5° C.-0° C., and stirred for 30 min. Then to the mixture was added a solution of KI (55.24 g, 333 mmol) in H₂O (70 mL) slowly and stirred for another 3 h. The resulting mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×100 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give compound 252d (5 g, 54%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.10 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 3.02-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.65-2.68 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 252e

A solution of compound 252d (10 g, 36.2 mmol), paraformaldehyde (5.1 g, 163 mol), N-methylaniline TFA salt (12 g, 54.3 mmol) in anhydrous THF (120 mL) was refluxed for 8 h. When starting material was totally consumed, the crude mixture was cooled to room temperature, concentrated to give the residue, extracted with ethyl acetate (2×200 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=10:1) to give compound 252e (6.7 g, 65%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.22 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 5.60 (s, 1H), 3.66 (s, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 252f

To a solution of compound 252e (1.6 g, 5.56 mmol, 1 equivalent) in dichloromethane (20 mL) was added 2-trimethylsilyloxy-1,3-butadiene (1.05 mL, 6.11 mmol, 1.1 equivalents) and the reaction was cooled down to −78° C. After stirring for 15 min at −78° C., BF₃.Et₂O (0.36 mL, 2.78 mmol, 0.5 equivalents) was slowly added and the reaction was allowed to stir at −78° C. During the addition, the color of the solution changed from colorless to light yellow. After 25 min of the BF₃.Et₂O addition, the TLC indicated total consumption of the dienophile, formation of the silyl enol ether Diels Alders adduct and the desired ketone. The reaction was rapidly quenched with MeOH (3.5 mL), allowed to stir 5 min at −78° C. and warmed up to room temperature. Once at room temperature, an aqueous diluted HCl solution (2 M, 25 mL) was added and the biphasic solution was allowed to stir no more than 5 min. The two phases were separated and the aqueous phase was back-extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×100 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. At this point, the TLC indicated mostly the desired ketone along with other minor side products. The crude material was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=10:1). The corresponding fractions were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure yielding compound 252f (0.72 g, 37%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.14 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.10 (s, 2H), 2.61-2.65 (m, 2H), 2.32-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.09-2.13 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.83 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 252 g and 252h

To a solution of compound 252f (720 mg, 2.01 mmol) in THF (8 mL) was cooled down to −78° C. After 5 min, NaBH₄ (76 mgs, 2.01 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. no more than 5 min. When TLC indicated the consumption of the diketone, the reaction was quenched by addition of MeOH (2 mL). The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (50 mL). Water was added (25 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the mixture containing compound 252 g and compound 252h (750 mg, 90% crude yield) as a yellow oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 252i

To a solution of compound 252 g (800 mg, 2.22 mmol) in THF (12 mL) was added NaH (267 mg, 6.66 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 15 min. Then to the above mixture was added methyl iodide (1.39 mL, 22.2 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight, and TLC showed the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of celite, and washed with ethyl acetate (40 mL). The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=40:1) to afford compound 252i (200 mg, 23%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.10 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.16-3.22 (m, 1H), 2.82 (s, 2H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.73 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.50 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.41 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 252

According to a similar synthesis of compound I-6 described in Example I-2, compound 252i (617 mg, 2.0 mmol) was condensed to hydantoin 252j (50 mg, 6%) as a white solid. Hydantoin 252j (20 mg, 0.045 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (18 mg, 0.045 mmol) to give compound 252k (10 mg, 50%) as a yellow solid.

Compound 252k (15 mg, 0.033 mmol) was then dimethylated with MeI (9 mg, 0.063 mmol) to give compound 2521 (8 mg, 50% crude yield) as a yellow solid, which was converted to compound 252 (1 mg, 15%). LC-MS t_(R)=0.937 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 458 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.21 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.23-3.33 (s, 3H), 3.15-3.18 (m, 3H), 3.05 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.70 (m, 1H), 2.08-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.95-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.86 (m, 1H); 1.34-1.45 (m, 3H), 1.20-1.28 (m, 2H)

Example 206 Synthesis of Compound 253

According to a similar synthesis of compound I-6 described in Example I-2, compound 253a (800 mg, 2.45 mmol) was condensed to hydantoin 253b (500 mg, 49%) as a white solid. Then compound 253b (200 mg, 0.47 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (254 mg, 0.47 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (6 mL) to give compound 253c (70 mg, 33%) as a yellow solid, which was dimethylated with MeI (118 mg, 0.42 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (116 mg, 0.84 mmol to give compound 253d (70 mg, 90%) as a yellow solid, which was used directly in next step without purification.

Finally, compound 253d (75 mg, 0.21 mmol) was converted to compound 253 (6.0 mg, 8%). LC-MS t_(R)=0.854 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 432 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.10-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.02 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (t, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 3.23-3.33 (s, 3H), 3.15-3.18 (s, 3H), 3.05 (m, 1H), 2.97-3.04 (m, 2H), 1.91-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.26-1.34 (m, 3H), 1.14-1.22 (m, 2H)

Example I-4 Synthesis of hydantoin I-14

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-11

To a solution of SnCl₂ (9.25 g, 41 mmol) in concentrated HCl (7.5 mL) was added a solution of compound I-10 (3 g, 10.24 mmol) in 95% ethanol (3.6 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. TLC showed the reaction was completed; the mixture was treated with 50% aqueous NaOH solution (50 mL) to give the yellow solid. The resulting mixture was filtered, and the filtered cake was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (100 mL). The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give compound I-11 (2 g, 67%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-12

A mixture of compound I-11 (2 g, 7.60 mmol) in concentrated HBr (13.3 mL) was stirred at room temperature. Then to the mixture was added ice (10 g) and stirred for a few min. Then to the above mixture was added a solution of NaNO₂ (585 mg, 8.36 mmol) in H₂O (2.28 mL) slowly while keeping temperature between −5° C.-0° C., and stirred for 30 min. Then to the mixture was added a solution of CuBr (1.21 g, 8.36 mmol) in concentrated HBr (13.3 mL) slowly and stirred for another 30 min. The resulting mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×100 mL). The combined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound I-12 (0.85 g, 41%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-13

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound I-12 (850 mg, 2.60 mmol), KCN (338 mg, 5.20 mmol) and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (1.87 g, 19.5 mmol) in formamide (25 mL). The mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 72 h, cooled to room temperature, and poured into ice (10 g). After acidification with conc. HCl solution (10 mL), the resulting mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with water (2×200 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound I-13 (650 mg, 63%) as a white solid, which was used in the next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-14

To a solution of compound I-13 (140 mg, 0.354 mmol) in CH₃CN (7 mL) was added MeI (77 mg, 0.53 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (77 mg, 0.53 mmol). After being stirred at 80° C. for 15 min in microware, the mixture was filtrated and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂, filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to give the crude product, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound I-14 (70 mg, 50%) as a yellow solid.

Example 207 Synthesis of Compound 254

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 254a

A solution containing compound 254A (48 mg, 0.329 mmol) and compound I-14 (90 mg, 0.220 mmol) in dioxane (6 mL), and aqueous Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 1.56 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (15.6 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 120° C. for 15 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and filtered through a short Celite pad. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=15:1) to give compound 254a (65 mg, 73%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 254b

A suspension of compound 254a (65 mg, 0.15 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (61 mg, 0.15 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (4 mL) was heated at reflux overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by prep-TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 254b (26 mg, 40%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 254

A solution of compound 254b (26 mg, 0.058 mmol) and t-BuOOH (104 mg, 1.158 mmol) in NH₄OH (0.8 mL) and MeOH (1.5 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by HPLC to give compound 254 (3.2 mg, 12%). LC-MS t_(R)=0.970 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 433 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.70-7.81 (m, 2H), 7.65-7.70 (m, 1H), 7.51-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=14.4 Hz, 4H), 3.23-3.33 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.10 (m, 1H), 3.05 (s, 2H), 3.01 (s, 3H), 1.85-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.42 (m, 2H), 1.21-1.32 (m, 1H), 1.18-1.25 (m, 2H)

Example 208 Synthesis of Compound 255

According to a similar synthesis of compound 254, compound I-14 (20 mg, 0.049 mmol) was coupled with cyclopropyl acetylene (0.2 mL, excess) in the present of CuI (0.5 mg, 0.00245 mmol) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (1.7 mg, 0.00245 mmol) to give compound 255a (18 mg, 96%) as white solid.

Compound 255a (20 mg, 0.051 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (20.4 mg, 0.051 mmol) to give compound 255b (7 mg, 34%) as a yellow solid, which was converted to compound 255 (2.2 mg, 31%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.001 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 396 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 6.95-7.01 (m, 1H), 6.88-6.93 (m, 1H), 3.23-3.33 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.10 (m, 1H), 3.05 (s, 2H), 3.01 (s, 3H), 1.80-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.74 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.45 (m, 1H), 1.34-1.39 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.28 (m, 2H), 1.10-1.18 (m, 2H), 0.75-0.85 (m, 2H), 0.60-0.66 (m, 2H).

Example 209 Synthesis of Compound 256

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 256a

A solution containing the tributyl (3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ynyl)stannane (1.166 g, 2.91 mmol) and compound I-7 (600 mg, 1.94 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (68 mg, 0.097 mmol) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 125° C. for 45 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (10 mL) and aqueous CsF (4 M, 10 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (15 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified preparative TLC (petroleum/ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 256a (400 mg, 64%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 256b

To a solution of compound 256a (5 mg, 0.016 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added Pd/C (2 mg, 10% in w.t.). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h under H₂ atmosphere (1 atm), LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give compound 256b (4 mg, crude, 80%) as a white solid, which was used directly for next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 256c

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 256b (100 mg, 0.307 mmol), KCN (40 mg, 0.614 mmol), and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (221 mg, 2.3 mmol). Formamide (25 mL) was added. The mixture was heated at 100° C. for 72 h, and the reaction mixture was cooled, and poured into ice. After acidification with concentrated aqueous HCl solution (3 mL), the mixture was filtrated to give the solid, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with water (2×25 mL). The organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the crude compound 256c, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give compound 4 (68 mg, 56%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 256d

To a solution of compound 256c (50 mg, 0.126 mmol) in CH₃CN (4 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (52 mg, 0.378 mmol). After being stirred for 5 min, MeI (20 mg, 0.139 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 10 min in microwave, and at 100° C. for another 10 min. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 256d (30 mg, 55%) as a white solid, which was used for the next step directly without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 256e

A solution of compound 256d (16 mg, 0.039 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (16 mg, 0.039 mmol) in dry toluene (1.5 mL) was heated at 140° C. for 30 min in a CEM microwave reactor. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 256e (14 mg, 84%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 256

A mixture of compound 256e (30 mg, 0.07 mmol) and t-butyl hydroperoxide (127 mg of a 65% solution in water, 1.41 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (10 mL, 5 N) was stirred at room temperature overnight, LCMS showed that the reaction was completed, then reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. Purification of this residue by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=5:1) and preparative HPLC gave compound 256 (5.7 mg, 22%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.097 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 410.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.23-7.26 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.18 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.08-3.18 (m, 2H), 3.04-3.06 (m, 1H), 3.03 (s, 3H), 2.81-2.85 (t, J=9.6 Hz, 2H), 2.36-2.49 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.02 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.65 (t, J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 1.34-1.44 (m, 2H), 1.25-1.32 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD): δ −58.90, −64.78, −68.17.

Example I-5 Synthesis of Intermediate I-20

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-16

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound I-15 (4.33 g, 14.67 mmol), KCN (1.9 g, 29.36 mmol) and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (10.57 g, 110.03 mmol) in formamide (80 mL). The mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 72 h, cooled to room temperature, and poured into ice (20 g). After acidification with conc. HCl solution (25 mL), the resulting mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with water (2×500 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give compound I-16 (2.78 g, 52%) as a brown solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-17

A solution of compound I-16 (1.8 g, 4.95 mmol), TBSCl (0.89 g, 5.93 mmol) and imidazole (674 mg, 9.9 mmol) in DMF (18 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. Water (15 mL) and EtOAc (3×10 mL) were added, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give compound I-17 (1.3 g, 60%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-18

A suspension of compound I-17 (1.3 g, 2.73 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (1.1 g, 2.73 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (52 mL) was heated at reflux overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) to give compound I-18 (750 mg, 71%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-19

To a solution of compound I-18 (50 mg, 0.132 mmol) in CH₃CN (4 mL) was added MeI (37 mg, 0.263 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (73 mg, 0.53 mmol). After being stirred at 60° C. for 10 min in microware, additional MeI (37 mg, 0.263 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 100° C. for another 10 min in microware, concentrated in vacuo to give compound I-19 (40 mg, 80%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound I-20

A solution of compound I-19 (80 mg, 0.196 mmol) and NH₄I (284 mg, 1.96 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (5.0 N, 3.5 mL) was irradiated at 120° C. in a microwave reactor for 3 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was added CH₂Cl₂ (15 mL), and stirred for 30 min. The mixture was filtered, concentrated in vacuo to give compound I-20 (30 mg, 38%) as a yellow solid.

Example 210 Synthesis of Compound 257

A solution containing compound I-20 (30 mg, 0.080 mmol) and compound 257A (17.5 mg, 0.119 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL), and aqueous Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.56 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5.6 mg, 0.008 mmol) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 120° C. for 15 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and filtered through a short Celite pad. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to afford compound 257 (2.4 mg, 7%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.846 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 401 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.96 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.45 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (s, 1H), 3.47-3.52 (m, 1H), 3.18 (m, 2H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 1.83-1.95 (m, 3H), 1.66 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.51 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.48 (m, 3H).

Example 211 Synthesis of Compound 258

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 258a

To a solution of compound I-20 (400 mg, 1.06 mmol) in anhydrous THF (16 mL) was added DMAP (194 mg, 1.59 mmol), Boc₂O (347 mg, 1.59 mmol) and Et₃N (214 mg, 2.12 mmol), the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo to yield the crude compound 258a, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give compound 258a (100 mg, 25%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 258b

An oven dried three-necked round bottom flask equipped with condenser was charged with compound 258a (80 mg, 0.17 mmol), Et₃N (5 mL) and Et₂NH (1 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere. To this solution was added CuI (3.2 mg, 0.017 mmol) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (11.8 mg, 0.017 mmol). The system was degassed once again, then cyclopropyl acetylene (0.7 mL, excess) was added and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. in an oil bath for 15 h. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate (20 mL) and water (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The crude product was purified by preparative TLC eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (1:1) to give compound 258b (54 mg, 70%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 258d

To a solution of compound 258c (44 mg, 0.16 mmol), DMAP (0.2 mg, 0.0016 mmol) and Et₃N (0.02 mL, 0.16 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (3 mL) was added Boc₂O (44 mg, 0.202 mmol) at room temperature. After being stirred for 3 h, the reaction mixture was added compound 258b (60 mg, 0.13 mmol), DMAP (4 mg, 0.032 mmol) and EDCl.HCl (38 mg, 0.20 mmol). Then the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The reaction mixture was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=2:1) to give compound 258d (32 mg, 25%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.65 (s, 1H), 7.24 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.02 (m, 3H), 4.90 (m, 1H), 4.59 (m, 1H), 4.43 (m, 1H), 3.13-3.09 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 3.00 (s, 3H), 3.01-2.93 (m, 3H), 1.87-1.79 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.51 (s, 9H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.35 (s, 9H), 1.49-1.15 (m, 6H), 0.83-0.74 (m, 2H), 0.72-0.67 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 258

To a solution of compound 258d (15 mg, 0.018 mmol) in dichloromethane (0.5 mL) was added a solution of TFA in dichloromethane (20%, 2 mL) at ˜0° C. and then stirred for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was purified by preparative RP-HPLC (neutral) to give compound 258 (4.5 mg, 47%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.85 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 527.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.22 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 6.96-6.93 (dd, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 6.68-6.64 (dd, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.62-4.52 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.10 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.97 (s, 3H), 2.93 (d, J=16 Hz, 1H), 2.89-2.84 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.74 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.75 (m, 3H), 1.75-1.67 (m, 1H), 1.49-1.41 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.24 (m, 4H), 0.81-0.72 (m, 2H), 0.71-0.68 (m, 2H).

Example 212 Synthesis of Compound 259

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of magnesium turning (0.7 g, 24 mmol) and trimethoxyborane (8.1 mL, 72.5 mmol) in anhydrous THF (50 mL) was added 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (2.5 mL, 29 mmol) in THF (5 mL) over 20 min at 0° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 3 h. Most of magnesium turning was disappeared. The reaction was quenched by addition of aq. HCl solution (30 mL, 6 M), extracted with Et₂O (3×50 mL), washed with brine (30 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give the crude product (200 mg) as a gray solid, which was used for next step directly without purification without purification. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆ 400 MHz): δ 8.33 (br, 2H), 6.32 (s, 2H)

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (100 mg, 0.2 mmol) in toluene/methanol (3 mL, 5:1) was added compound 2, aq. Na₂CO₃ solution (0.5 mL, 1.0 M), and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (10 mg, 0.01 mmol) successively under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated at 70° C. for 12 h. The mixture was separated between EtOAc and water. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×25 mL), washed with brine (30 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, concentrated under reduced pressure to the crude product, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 4 (45 mg, 45%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.69 (s, 1H), 7.32 (m, 1H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 5.87 (s, 1H), 5.64 (s, 1H), 3.24 (m, 1H), 3.05 (m, 5H), 1.97 (m, 3H), 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.50 (m, 10H), 1.34 (m, 5H), 1.25 (m, 5H)

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (25 mg, 0.05 mmol) in t-BuOH/H₂O (2 mL, 4:1) was added OsO₄ (1.0 mg) and NaIO₄ (30 mg, 0.15 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, then quenched by saturate aqueous Na₂S₂O₃ solution, extracted with EtOAc (3×35 mL), washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product (50 mg), which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to give crude compound 5 (25 mg, 100% crude yield) as a white solid, which was used for next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution of compound 5 (30 mg, 0.057 mmol) in MeOH (0.5 mL) was added NaBH₄ (11 mg, 0.285 mmol), the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by water, precipitate was filtered off, and redissolved in EtOAc (10 mL), extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL), washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product (30 mg, 100% crude yield) as a light yellow oil, which was used for next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of compound 6 (30 mg, 0.06 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) was added Et₃N (25 uL, 0.18 mmol) followed by MsCl (9 mg, 0.072 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. Water (10 mL) was added, the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL), washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product (30 mg, 100% crude yield) as a light yellow oil, which was used for next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8

To a solution of compound 7 (10 mg, 0.017 mmol) in EtOH (3 mL) was added Pd/C (5 mg), the reaction mixture was hydrogenated at 50° C. under 50 PSI overnight. The catalyst was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product (10 mg), which was used for next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 259

To a solution of compound 8 (8 mg, 0.016 mmol) in dioxane was heated at 120° C. in a microwave reactor for 30 min. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give the residue, which was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 259 (0.5 mg, 8%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.068 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 396 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.44-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 3.50 (m, 5H), 3.11 (m, 6H), 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.83 (m, 1H), 1.58 (m, 1H), 1.43-1.27 (m, 4H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz) δ −62.3

Example 213 Synthesis of Compound 260

Compound 4 in Example 212 (14 mg, 0.076 mmol) was dissolved in 4 M HCl/MeOH solution, the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. After completion, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by acidic preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 260 (3.1 mg, 28%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.089 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 408 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.51-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.36 (s, 1H), 6.03 (s, 1H), 5.91 (s, 1H), 3.50 (m, 4H), 3.18 (m, 5H), 2.08 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, 1H), 1.38 (m, 5H)

Example 214 Synthesis of Compound 261

Compound 5 in Example 212 was dissolved in 2 M HCl/MeOH (1 mL), and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to the residue, which was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to afford compound 261 (7.0 mg, 35%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.964 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 428 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.45 (m, 2H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.22 (m, 6H), 2.10 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, 1H), 1.45-1.27 (m, 5H); ¹⁹F NMR δ −84.4

Example 215 Synthesis of Compound 262

To a solution of compound 261 (5 mg, 0.012 mmol) in MeOH (0.5 mL) was added NaBH₄ (2 mg, 0.06 mmol), the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 262 (1.9 mg, 40%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.993 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 412 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.53-7.33 (m, 3H), 5.04 (m, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.19 (m, 6H), 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.43-1.29 (m, 5H); ¹⁹F NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz) δ −71.3.

Example 216 Synthesis of Compound 263

To a solution of compound 4 described in Example 212 (15 mg, 0.03 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) was added Pd/C (10 mg), the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature with H₂ balloon for overnight. The catalyst was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product (10 mg, 66%) compound 9 as a colorless oil, which was used for next step without purification.

To a solution of compound 9 (10 mg, 0.02 mmol) was added 4 M HCl/dioxane solution (1 mL), the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give the residue, which was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 263 (1.5 mg, 18%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.108 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 410 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.30 (m, 2H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 3.56 (m, 1H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.17-3.04 (m, 6H), 2.00 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.63 (m, 1H), 1.46 (m, 3H), 1.40-1.29 (m, 4H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −62.3.

Example 217 Synthesis of Compound 264

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

A suspension of compound 1 (70 mg, 0.192 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (85 mg, 0.212 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (10 mL) was heated to reflux overnight. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give compound 2 as a white solid (30 mg, 41%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 264

A mixture of compound 2 (15 mg, 0.04 mmol) and t-butyl hydroperoxide (0.11 g of a 65% solution in water, 0.8 mmol) in methanol (5 mL) was added aqueous ammonium hydroxide (1 mL), the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂: MeOH=5:1) and preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 264 (5.8 mg, 40%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.068 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 364.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.23 (s, 2H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.11-3.15 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 2H), 3.01-3.05 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 1.96-2.07 (m, 3H), 1.24-1.48 (m, 6H), 0.85-0.89 (m, 2H), 0.69-0.73 (m, 2H).

Example 218 Synthesis of Compound 265

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of potassium tert-butoxide (1.8 g, 15.5 mmol) in tert-butyl alcohol (60 mL) was added benzyl triphenyl phosphonium chloride (4.8 g, 12.2 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h. Compound 1 (3.0 g, 10.2 mmol) was added under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5 h. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was added H₂O (100 mL) and then was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3), the combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL×2). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to yield crude product, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=100:1 to 10:1 to give compound 2 (2.8 g, 75%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A mixture of compound 2 (2.8 g, 7.6 mmol), ethyl acetate (150 mL) and PtO₂ (0.20 g, 0.88 mmol) was stirred at ambient temperature under 1 atm hydrogen atmosphere overnight. The precipitate was filtered off and washed with ethyl acetate (50 mL×2). The filtrate and the washings were concentrated by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=100:1 to 10:1 and then by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=10:1 to give compound 3 (0.70 g, 24%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.41 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=369.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.60-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.35 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.10-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.00-7.10 (m, 3H), 2.80-2.90 (s, 2H), 2.50-2.60 (d, 2H, J=7.2 Hz), 1.75-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.35-1.45 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A flask was charged with compound 3 (0.30 g, 0.81 mmol), anhydrous dichloromethane (6 mL) and TiCl₄ (3.2 mL, 3.2 mmol, 1 M in CH₂Cl₂). The tube was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h. N,N′-methanediylidene bis-(1,1,1-trimethylsilianamine) (0.45 g, 2.4 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The mixture was quenched with ice-water (10 mL) carefully with stirring. Brine (10 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (10 mL×2). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 4 (0.31 g, 97% crude yield) as a pale yellow solid, which was used in the next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

A steel clave was charged with a mixture of compound 4 (0.31 g, 0.79 mmol), KCN (0.20 g, 3.16 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (0.80 g, 8.32 mmol), Ethanol (3 mL) and H₂O (3 mL) carefully. The mixture was heated at 80° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled, and poured into ice-water (40 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (contained 10% iso-propanol) (50 mL×3), and the combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL×3). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude compound 5 (0.36 g, 102% crude yield) as a white solid, which was used in next step without further purification. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.85 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=439.0 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

A flask was charged with a mixture of compound 5 (0.25 g, 0.57 mmol, crude), K₂CO₃ (0.30 g, 0.22 mmol) and DMF (5 mL). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h, and then iodomethane (90 mg, 0.63 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) was added dropwise via a syringe with stirring. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into brine (100 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (contained with 10% methanol) (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL×2). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give crude product, which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1 to give compound 6 (0.14 g, 54%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.29 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=453.3 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

A sealed tube was charged with a mixture of compound 6 (0.13 g, 0.29 mmol), Lawesson's reagent (0.14 g, 0.35 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (3 mL) under nitrogen. The mixture was heated at 130° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 1 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1 to give compound 7 (60 mg, 44%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 265

To a solution of compound 7 (60 mg, 0.13 mmol) in EtOH (4 mL) was added NH₃—H₂O (1 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (0.20 g, 2.2 mol). After addition, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 24 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 265 (30 mg, 51%) as a white solid. LC-MS:

t_(R)=1.88 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=452.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 300 MHz): δ 7.35-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.30 (m, 3H), 7.10-7.20 (m, 4H), 3.05-3.15 (d, J=16.8 Hz, 1H), 3.00-3.10 (s, 3H), 2.85-2.95 (d, J=20.4 Hz, 1H), 2.55-2.65 (m, 2H), 1.80-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.80 (m, 5H), 1.25-1.35 (m, 1H), 1.05-1.15 (m, 1H).

Example 219 Synthesis of Compound 266

4. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3A

A flask was charged with compound 3 described in Example 218 (0.30 g, 0.81 mmol), Et₃N (10 mL), Et₂N (2 mL), Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (0.034 g, 0.48 mmol), CuI (0.009 g, 0.047 mmol) and ethynyl cyclopropane (3 mL) under nitrogen at ambient temperature in turn. The reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 48 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), and the resulting organic mixture was washed with 1 N HCl aqueous solution (30 mL), H₂O (30 mL) and brine (30 mL×2) successively. The separated organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered off the solid and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product as red oil, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=100:1 to 5:1 to give compound 3A (0.28 g, 97%) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.51 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=355.1 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4A

A flask was charged with compound 3A (0.15 g, 0.42 mmol), dried dichloromethane (3 mL) and TiCl₄ (1.7 mL, 1.7 mmol, 1 M in CH₂Cl₂). The tube was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h. After cooling down, N,N′-methanediylidene bis-(1,1,1-trimethylsilianamine) (0.24 g, 1.3 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The mixture was quenched with ice-water (10 mL) carefully with stirring. Saturated brine (10 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (10 mL×2). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 4A (0.16 g, 100% crude yield) as a pale yellow solid, which was used directly in next step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5A

A steel clave was charged with a mixture of compound 4A (0.31 g, 0.79 mmol), KCN (0.20 g, 3.16 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (0.80 g, 8.32 mmol), ethanol (3 mL) and H₂O (3 mL) carefully. The mixture was heated at 80° C. overnight, and the reaction mixture was cooled, and poured into ice-water (40 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (contained 10% iso-propanol) (50 mL×3), and the combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (50 mL×3). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=50:1 to 2:1 to give compound 5A (0.40 g, 22%) as a pale yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.50 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=425.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6A

A flask was charged with a mixture of compound 5A (40 mg, 0.094 mmol), K₂CO₃ (50 mg, 0.36 mmol) and DMF (3 mL). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h, and then a solution of iodomethane (14 mg, 0.099 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) was added dropwise via a syringe with stirring. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into saturated brine (50 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (20 mL×2). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (20 mL×2). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 6A (40 mg, 97% crude yield) as a white solid, which was used directly in next step. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.50 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=425.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7A

A sealed tube was charged with a mixture of compound 6A (40 mg, 0.091 mmol), Lawesson's reagent (40 mg, 0.099 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (1 mL) under nitrogen. The mixture was heated at 130° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 40 min. After cooling down, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1 to give compound 7A (10 mg, 24%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.65 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=455.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 266

To a solution of compound 7A (10 mg, 0.022 mmol) in EtOH (1 mL) was added NH₃—H₂O (0.5 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (50 mg, 0.56 mol). After addition, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 24 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 266 (9.1 mg, 94%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.97 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=438.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.15-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.15 (m, 3H), 7.00-7.10 (m, 4H), 3.05-3.15 (s, 3H), 2.97-3.05 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 2.90-2.97 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.50-2.60 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.75-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.75 (m, 4H), 1.30-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.30 (m, 2H), 1.05-1.15 (m, 1H), 0.70-0.80 (m, 2H), 0.50-0.60 (m, 2H).

Example 220 Synthesis of Compound 267

A mixture of compound 265 (10 mg, 0.022 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (5 mg, 0.034 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (0.2 mL, 0.40 mmol, 2M in water) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (1 mg, 0.0014 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (0.5 mL) under nitrogen was stirred at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 20 min. After cooling down, saturated brine (10 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (10 mL×2), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo, the resulting crude product was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 267 (7.7 mg, 74%) with 98% purity based on LC-MS as a pale yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.93 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=475.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.95-8.00 (s, 1H), 7.85-7.95 (m, 1H), 7.60-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.55-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.45-7.55 (s, 1H), 7.40-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 3H), 3.17-3.25 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.17 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.65 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.85 (m, 5H), 1.20-1.45 (m, 3H).

Example 221 Synthesis of Compounds 268 and 269

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (0.2 g, 0.53 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (1.5 mL) in a 10 mL CEM microwave tube, there was added Dess-Martin periodinane (247 mg, 0.58 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated with a CEM microwave reactor at 70° C. for 5 min, washed with 1N NaOH aqueous solution, brine, and dried over Na₂SO₄. The solvent was removed to give compound 2 (156.0 mg, 77%), which was used for the next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3A and 3B

To a solution of compound 2 (156.0 mg, 0.41 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL), there was added dimethylamine hydrochloride (6.1 mg, 0.82 mmol), KOH (23 mg, 0.41 mmol) followed by NaCNBH₃ (52 mg, 0.82 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overweekend, and purified by HPLC to give compound 3A (82.8 mg, 39%), LC-MS t_(R)=3.65 min in 16 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 406 [M+H]⁺. And compound 3B (60.5 mg, 32%), LC-MS t_(R)=3.47 min in 16 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 406 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 268 and 269

According to the similar synthesis of compound 291, compound 3A (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) afforded compound 268 (3.2 mg, 5%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=0.93 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 405 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.54 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.22 (m, 1H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.18 (m, 2H), 2.84 (s, 6H), 2.10-1.94 (m, 3H), 1.84-1.46 (m, 5H). And compound 3B (30 mg, 0.07 mmol) afforded compound 269 (1.90 mg, 5%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.09 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 405 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.54 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (s, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.22 (m, 1H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.12 (m, 2H), 2.86 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.10-1.80 (m, 4H), 1.76 (m, 2H).

Example 222 Synthesis of Compound 270

According to a similar synthesis of compound 251, compound 1 (10.0 mg, 0.02 mmol) was reacted with 3-cyanophenylboronic acid to gave final product compound 270 (0.91 mg, 8%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.08 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 428[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.94 (m, 1H), 7.68 (m, 2H), 7.62 (m, 2H), 7.52 (m, 1H), 3.24 (m, 3H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 2.86 (s, 6H), 2.16-2.00 (m, 3H), 1.88-1.52 (m, 5H).

Example 223 Synthesis of Compound 271

Step 1

A flask containing 1 (67 mg, 0.17 mmol), cesium carbonate (130 mg, 0.4 mmol), and methyl 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate (86 mg, 0.37 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction was diluted with water and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc 3×. The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and the solvent evaporated to afford a crude mixture of 3. The product was used as is in the next step. LC/MS ret=2.3 min ES+=691 (M+1).

Step 2

A mixture of 3 (˜0.17 mmol), ammonia (7M in MeOH, 1 mL), ammonium iodide (123 mg, 0.85 mmol) in MeOH (6 mL) was heated using microwave at 100° C. for 40 min. The solvent was evaporated and the crude mixture purified via Gilson to afford compound 271 (7 mg). LC/MS t_(R)=1.64 min, ES+=526 (M+1). ¹HNMR (MeOD) δ 8.01 (ap d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.93 (s, 1H), 7.61 (d, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 7.54 (t, 2H, J=8.2 Hz), 7.43 (d, 1H, J=1.8 Hz), 7.31 (d, 1H, J=7.9 Hz), 5.04 (d, 1H, J=16.7 Hz), 4.92 (d, 1H, J=16.4 Hz), 3.92 (s, 3H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.17 (m, 1H), 3.16 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz), 3.07 (d, 1H, J=16 Hz), 1.99 (m, 2H), 1.79 (ap d, 1H, J=13.5 Hz), 1.48-1.22 (m, 5H).

Example 224 Synthesis of Compound 272

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

A solution of (1r,4r)-6′-bromo-4-hydroxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (1) (0.87 g, 2.95 mmol) and CuI (57.1 mg, 0.30 mmol) in anhydrous MeCN (9 mL) was heated at 60° C. under N₂ for 10 minutes to give a clear solution. 2,2-difluoro-2-(fluorosulfonyl)acetic acid (0.55 g, 0.32 mL, 3.10 mmol) was added to the solution dropwise, and the resulting solution was stirred at the same temperature for 5 min, cooled down to room temperature, quenched with water (15 mL), extracted with DCM (10 mL×4). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (0 to 40% EtOAc/Hexane) to afford (1r,4r)-6′-bromo-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (2) (0.55 g, 54%). LC-MS t_(R)=2.06 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 345 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of (1r,4r)-6′-bromo-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (2) (364 mg, 1.05 mmol) and CsF (0.64 g, 4.2 mmol) in anhydrous MeCN (10 mL) there was added N,N′-methanediylidenebis(1,1,1-trimethylsilanamine) (0.95 mL, 4.2 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was added water (10 mL), extracted with DCM (10 mL×4), combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was removed in vacuum to give (E)-N-((1r,4r)-5′-bromo-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide (3) (0.39 g, 100%), which was used for next step without purification. LC-MS t_(R)=2.04 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 369 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a 50 mL sealed tube there was charged (E)-N-((1r,4r)-5′-bromo-4-(difluoromethoxy)spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide (3) (0.39 g, 1.05 mmol), KCN (141 mg, 2.1 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (0.71 g, 7.3 mmol), and EtOH (3 mL) and water (3 mL). The tube was sealed, and heated at 75° C. overnight. The solution was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water (10 mL), extracted with EtOAc (5 mL×4). Combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was removed in vacuum to give hydantoin 4 (423.3 mg), which was used for the next step without purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.62 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 415 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of above crude hydantoin 4 (158.9 mg, 0.38 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) there was added K₂CO₃ (0.42 g, 3.04 mmol) followed by MeI (59.7 mg, 0.42 mmol), the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 45 min, reaction completion was confirmed by LC-MS. The mixture was then diluted with water (5 mL), extracted with DCM (5 mL×4).

Combined organics were washed with brine (5 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was removed in vacuum to give compound 5 (170.1 mg), which was used for the next step without purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.76 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 429 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

The above crude 5 (0.38 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) and transferred to a 10 mL CEM tube. Lawesson's reagent (154 mg, 0.38 mmol) was added to the tube, and the resulting mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 120° C. for 130 min. Solvent was removed and the residue was purified with flash chromatography (0 to 60% EtOAc/Hexane) to give thio-hydantoin 6 (113.7 mg, 67%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.94 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 445 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 272 and 273

To a solution of thio-hydantoin 6 (113.7 mg, 0.26 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) there was added ammonium hydroxide (7 mL) followed by t-butyl hydroperoxide (˜5.5 m in nonane, 0.8 mL). the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature over weekend. Upon removal of solvent, the residue was purified by HPLC to give compound 273 (1.10 mg, 1%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.52 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 428 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.54 (dd, J=1.2, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (m, 1H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.18 (m, 1H), 3.08 (m, 1H), 1.98 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.40 (m, 5H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.4, −82.3 (d, J=76 Hz). and compound 272 (1.54 mg, 1.6%), LC-MS t_(R)=1.05 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 378 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.54 (dd, J=1.2, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 3.46 (m, 1H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.04 (m, 2H), 1.94-78 (m, 3H), 1.54-1.26 (m, 5H).

Example 225 Synthesis of Compound 274 Method 1

A mixture containing compound 274a (0.2 g, 0.468 mmol), compound 274A (0.5 g, 1.41 mmol) in dry toluene (15 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then PdCl₂(dppf) (20 mg, 0.023 mmol) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 130° C. for 45 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc (10 mL), and filtered through a short Celite pad. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by acidic preparative HPLC to give compound 274 (30 mg, 15%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=3.282 min in 7 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 414.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.34 (m, 2H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 6.22-6.60 (m, 1H), 4.06 (m, 1H), 3.11-3.21 (m, 5H), 2.01 (m, 2H), 1.87 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 1.68-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.60 (m, 5H), 0.8 (m, 2H), 0.71 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 376 MHz): δ −81.91

Method 2

A 10 mL CEM microwave tube was charged with compound 274b (48.2 mg, 0.11 mmol), PdCl2(pph3)2 (cat. amount), CuI (cat. amount), triethylamine (0.3 mL) and DMF (0.3 mL). The mixture was degassed then protected with N₂. In a separated tube, ethynylcyclopropane in Toluene was degassed at −78° C., then warmed to room temperature. After degassing, excess ethynylcyclopropane in Toluene was added to the microwave tube with other reagents, and the resulting mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 120° C. for 60 min. The mixture was filtered, and purified by HPLC to give compound 274 (5 mg, 11%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.64 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 414 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.34 (m, 2H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 6.40 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (m, 1H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.16 (m, 2H), 1.98 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.40 (m, 6H), 0.86 (m, 2H), 0.66 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.1, −82.3 (d, J=76 Hz).

Example 226 Synthesis of Compound 275

In an 8 mL vial was charged with compound 275a (20 mg, 0.047 mmol) and CuCl (23 mg, 0.234 mmol). DMF (3 mL) was added, and the vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 170° C. for 1 h. After cooling down, the solid was filtered and the filtrate was removed by evaporation in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by acidic preparative HPLC to give compound 275 (2.5 mg, 37%) as a whit solid, LC-MS t_(R)=1.454 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 384.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.39 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 6.23-6.61 (m, 1H), 4.06 (m, 1H), 3.11-3.24 (m, 5H), 1.96-2.07 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.67-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.54-1.62 (m, 5H), 1.45-1.54 (m, 1H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 376 MHz): δ −81.95.

Example 227 Synthesis of Compound 276

According to a similar synthesis of compound 251, compound 1 (16.0 mg, 0.03 mmol) was reacted with 3-cyanophenylboronic acid to gave final product compound 276 (10.1 mg, 74%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.52 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 428 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.94 (m, 1H), 7.68 (m, 2H), 7.60 (m, 2H), 7.52 (m, 1H), 6.40 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.06 (m, 1H), 3.20 (sm, 5H), 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.88 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.44 (m, 5H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.4, −82.2 (d, J=76 Hz).

Example 228 Synthesis of Compound 277

According to a similar synthesis of compound 251, compound 1 (19.3 mg, 0.036 mmol) was reacted with cyclopropylboronic acid to gave final product compound 277 (2.9 mg, 20%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.51 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 390 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.24 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 6.38 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.02 (m, 1H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 2H), 2.02-1.82 (m, 4H), 1.76-1.40 (m, 5H), 0.94 (m, 2H), 0.84 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.4, −82.2 (d, J=76 Hz).

Example 229 Synthesis of Compound 278

A solution of compound 1 (10 mg, 0.019 mmol) and Pd—C (cat. amount) in MeOH (1 mL) was degassed and charged H₂ with a balloon, and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Upon filtration, the filtrate was concentrated and retreated with 4N HCl in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) for overnight. Solvent was removed in vacuum and the residue was purified with HPLC to give compound 278 (1.09 mg, 12%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.36 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 350 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.26 (m, 1H), 7.18 (m, 1H), 6.40 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (m, 1H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 3.16 (m, 2H), 2.04-1.40 (m, 8H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.5, −82.3 (d, J=76 Hz).

Example 230 Synthesis of Compound 279

A solution of compound 274 (3 mg, 0.007 mmol) and Pd—C (cat. amount) in EtOH (1 mL) was degassed and charged with a H₂ balloon, and stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. Upon filtration, the filtrate was purified with HPLC to give compound 279 (1.54 mg, 41%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.70 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 418 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.26 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 6.38 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (m, 1H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.16 (m, 2H), 2.68 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.04-1.40 (m, 10H), 0.66 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.02 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.4, −82.3 (d, J=76 Hz).

Example 231 Synthesis of Compound 280

In a 10 mL CEM microwave tube there was added compound 1 (5 mg, 0.012 mmol), CuCN (excess) followed by DMF (0.2 mL). The mixture was heated with a CEM microwave reactor at 150° C. for 90 min. The resulting mixture was carefully added 1 N HCl (0.3 mL) in a hood, filtered and purified with HPLC to give compound 280 (3.0 mg, 51%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.29 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 375 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.76 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (s, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (m, 1H), 3.26 (m, 2H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.86 (m, 1H), 1.78-1.40 (m, 5H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.4, −82.3 (d, J=76 Hz).

Example 232 Synthesis of Compounds 281 and 282

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (0.29 g, 0.80 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) there was added K₂CO₃ (0.33 g, 2.4 mmol), followed by 2-iodopropane (52.6 mg, 0.88 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature over weekend, diluted with water (5 mL), extracted with DCM (5 mL×4). Combined organic layers were washed with brine (5 mL), the solvent was removed in vacuum, and the residue was purified by a flash chromatography (0-70% EtOAx/Hexane) to afford compound 2 (219.5 mg, 67%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.49 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 407 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3& 4

A solution of compound 1 (217.0 mg, 0.53 mmol) and CuI (10.0 mg, 0.05 mmol) in anhydrous MeCN (5 mL) was heated at 60° C. under N₂ for 10 minutes to give a clear solution. 2,2-difluoro-2-(fluorosulfonyl)acetic acid (99.1 mg, 0.56 mmol) was added to the solution dropwise, and the resulting solution was stirred at the same temperature for 5 min, cooled down to room temperature, quenched with water (10 mL), extracted with DCM (10 mL×4). Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated in vacuum to afford compound 3 and 4 as a 2:1 mixture (223.2 mg), which was used for the next step without purification. Compound 3: LC-MS t_(R)=1.96 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 457 [M+H]⁺; Compound 4: LC-MS t_(R)=1.83 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 435 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 281 and 282

According to a similar synthesis of compound 291, mixture of 3 and 4 (221.7 mg, 0.48 mmol) afforded compound 281 (60.0 mg, 22%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.56 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 456[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.54 (dd, J=0.8, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (m, 1H), 4.04 (m, 1H), 3.12 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.88 (m, 3H), 1.78-1.40 (m, 11H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.4, −82.24 (d, J=76 Hz). Compound 282 (6.95 mg) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.42 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 456[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.54 (m, 1H), 7.40 (s, 1H), 7.28 (m, 1H), 4.28 (m, 1H), 3.48 (m, 1H), 3.10 (m, 2H), 1.90 (m, 3H), 1.70-1.28 (m, 11H).

Example 233 Synthesis of Compound 283

According to a similar synthesis of compound 280, compound 1 (5 mg, 0.01 mmol) was heat in a CEM microwave reactor at 150° C. for 130 min to afford compound 283 (1.75 mg, 34%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.43 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 403[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.76 (m, 2H), 7.58 (m, 1H), 6.40 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (m, 1H), 4.04 (m, 1H), 3.20 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.94 (m, 3H), 1.78-1.30 (m, 11H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −75.8, −82.34 (d, J=76 Hz).

Example 234 Synthesis of Compound 284

According to a similar synthesis of compound 251, compound 1 (5.0 mg, 0.01 mmol) was reacted with 3-cyanophenylboronic acid to gave final product compound 284 (1.42 mg, 24%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.70 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 479[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.94 (m, 1H), 7.68 (m, 2H), 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.52 (m, 1H), 6.40 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (m, 1H), 4.06 (m, 1H), 3.20 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.94 (m, 3H), 1.80-1.40 (m, 11H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.6, −82.28 (d, J=76 Hz).

Example 235 Synthesis of Compound 285

According to a similar synthesis of compound 251, compound 1 (13.6 mg, 0.03 mmol) was reacted with (5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl)boronic acid to gave final product compound 285 (1.80 mg, 9%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.68 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 523[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 9.04 (s, 1H), 8.84 (s, 1H), 8.38 (s, 1H), 7.78 (m, 1H), 7.66 (s, 1H), 7.56 (m, 1H), 6.40 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (m, 1H), 4.06 (m, 1H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 2.08-1.90 (m, 3H), 1.80-1.42 (m, 11H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −64.34, −77.6, −82.28 (d, J=76 Hz).

Example 236 Synthesis of Compound 286

A 10 mL CEM microwave tube was charged with compound 1 (13.0 mg, 0.028 mmol), PdCl2(pph3)2, Cs2CO3 and Toluene (0.5 mL), and degassed for 2-3 minutes, then flushed with N2. Tributyl(cyclopropylethynyl)stannane (0.1 mL, excess) was added, and the resulting mixture was heated with a CEM microwave reactor at 120° C. for 30 min. Upon filtration, the solvent was removed, and the residue was purified by HPLC to afford compound 286 (4.29 mg, 28%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.80 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 442 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.34 (m, 2H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 6.40 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (m, 1H), 4.04 (m, 1H), 3.16 (m, 2H), 2.04-1.84 (m, 3H), 1.76-1.40 (m, 12H), 0.86 (m, 2H), 0.68 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.1, −82.3 (d, J=76 Hz).

Example 237 Synthesis of Compound 287

A solution of compound 1 (15 mg, 0.03 mmol) and Pd—C (cat. amount) in MeOH (2 mL) was degassed and charged H₂ with a balloon. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 45 min. Upon filtration, the filtrate was concentrated and purified with HPLC to give compound 287 (5.26 mg, 36%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.43 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 378 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.26 (m, 1H), 7.16 (m, 1H), 6.40 (t, J=76 Hz, 1H), 4.28 (m, 1H), 4.06 (m, 1H), 3.18 (m, 2H), 2.04-1.92 (m, 3H), 1.78-1.40 (m, 11H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.4, −82.20 (d, J=76 Hz).

Example 238 Synthesis of Compound 288

1. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (0.23 g, 0.558 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (0.15 g, 1.116 mmol). After addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. Then iodomethane (95 mg, 0.558 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added dropwise via a syringe with stirring. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was partitioned between H₂O (25 mL) and ethyl acetate (25 mL). The separated organic phase was washed with saturated brine (3×20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude. The crude was purified by preparative TLC (hexane/EtOAc=3/1) to give compound 2 (0.18 g, 71%) as a white solid.

2. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A 35 mL vial was charged with compound 2 (0.18 g, 0.395 mmol), Lawessons reagent (0.19 g, 0.474 mmol). Toluene (5 mL) was added, and the vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 130° C. for 1 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by preparative TLC (hexane/EtOAc=3/1) to give compound 6 (56 mg, 30%) as a white solid.

3. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (56 mg, 0.118 mmol) in MeOH (4 mL) was added NH₃—H₂O (0.8 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (0.37 g, 2.36 mmol). After addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc (contained 10% methanol) (5 mL) and H₂O (2 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with brine (5 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (EtOAc) to give compound 4 (15 mg, 28%) as a white solid.

4. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 288

A solution containing compound 4 (15 mg, 0.033 mmol), compound 4A (7 mg, 0.049 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) and aqueous Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.6 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(dppf) (1.5 mg, 0.002 mmol) was added. The reaction was heated to reflux overnight. The organic layer was separated and washed with water (2×10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and evaporated under vacuum to give the crude. The crude was purified by acidic preparative HPLC to give compound 288 (6.6 mg, 42%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=3.016 min in 7 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 473.4 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.59 (s, 1H), 9.36 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 8.84 (m, 1H), 8.64 (dd, J=7.6, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 8.44 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.1-7.5 (m, 1H), 5.20 (m, 1H), 4.97 (m, 1H), 4.15 (m, 2H), 2.83-3.00 (m, 3H), 2.58-2.70 (m, 1H), 2.32-2.57 (m, 10H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 376 MHz): δ −81.88, −128.26.

Example 239 Synthesis of Compound 289

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (500 mg, 2.32 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (355 mg, 2.55 mmol) and compound 1A (0.26 mL, 2.55 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Water (20 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (15 mL×4). The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether: EtOAc=3:1) to afford compound 2 (366 mg, 66%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (80 mg, 0.19 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) was added BBr₃ (0.4 mL, 1 M in CH₂Cl₂, 0.4 mmol) under N₂ at −78° C. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. TLC showed compound 2 was completely consumed. The reaction was cooled to 0° C. and quenched with 1 N HCl, extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=1:1) to afford compound 3 (30 mg, 39%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.48 (m, 1H), 7.25 (m, 2H), 5.43 (s, 1H), 4.22 (m, 1H), 3.51 (s, mH), 3.09-2.91 (m, 2H), 1.88 (m, 3H), 1.46 (m, 1H), 1.43 (m, 8H), 1.24 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A solution of compound 3 (30 mg, 0.074 mmol) and CuI (3 mg, 0.015 mmol) in CH₃CN (1.5 mL) was stirred at 70° C. for 30 min. FSO₂CFCOOH (14 mg, 0.078 mmol) in CH₃CN (0.2 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was continued stirring at 70° C. for 15 min and the solvent was removed. H₂O (10 mL) was added and the mixture extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to afford compound 4 (10 mg, 29%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (25 mg, 0.055 mmol) in dry toluene (2 mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (33 mg, 0.082 mmol) under N₂. The reaction mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 130° C. for 1 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 5 (12 mg, 46%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution of compound 5 (12 mg, 0.021 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) and NH₃.H₂O (0.6 mL) was added t-BuOOH (65 mg, 0.424 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 6 (8 mg, 60%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 289

To a solution of compound 6 (8 mg, 0.0175 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) was added compound 6B (5 mg, 0.035 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg) and Cs₂CO₃ solution (0.05 mL, 2M in H₂O, 0.1 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 120° C. for 15 min. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 289 (2 mg, 24%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.089 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 473 [M+H]⁺, ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.11 (m, 1H), 7.94 (t, J=15.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (dd, J=10.0, 8.0 Hz, 34.4, 2H), 7.43 (m, 2H), 6.50-6.13 (t, J=151.6, 67.6 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (m, 0.3H), 3.98. (m, 0.5H), 3.38 (m, 1H), 3.08 (m, 2H), 2.01 (m, 1H), 1.48 (m, 2H), 1.65 (m, 0.4; H), 1.53 (m, 5H), 1.43 (m, 3H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ −74.081, −81.921

Example 240 Synthesis of Compound 290

1. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (0.28 g, 0.676 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (280 mg, 2.029 mmol) and 2-iodo-propane (0.172, 1.014 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 3 h at room temperature. Then brine (15 mL) was added and extracted with of EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organic layers were separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, and evaporated to give crude compound 5 (280 mg, crude) as a white solid.

2. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution of compound 5 (280 mg, 0.614 mmol) in dry 1,4-dioxane (5 mL) was added compound 5A (172 mg, 0.675 mmol), KOAc (174 mg, 1.781 mmol) and PdCl₂(dppf) (21 mg, 0.0307 mmol) in a N₂ atmosphere. The mixture was heated to reflux overnight. Brine (5 mL) was added to quench the reaction and extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, evaporated to give crude compound 6 (300 mg, crude) as a white solid, which was used for the next step without further purification.

3. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of compound 6 (300 mg, 0.595 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added HOAc (30 mL) and H₂O₂ (10 mL). The solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. Sat. NaHSO₃ (20 mL) was added to quench the reaction. Then the reaction mixture was neutralized with sat. Na₂CO₃ and the solution was extracted with EtOAc (2×150 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and evaporated. The residue was purified by acidic preparative HPLC to give compound 7 (100 mg, 43%) as a white solid.

4. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8

To a solution of compound 7 (50 mg, 0.127 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added bromomethyl-cyclopropane (22 mg, 0.165 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (53 mg, 0.381 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Sat. NH₄Cl (5 mL) solution was added to quench the reaction, and then extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine and dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated under vacuum. The residue was purified by acidic preparative HPLC to give compound 8 (10 mg, 18%) as a white solid.

5. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 9

An 8 mL vial was charged with compound 8 (20 mg, 0.0446 mmol), Lawesson's reagent (22 mg, 0.0536 mmol). Toluene (2 mL) was added, and the vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 130° C. for 1 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:EtOAc, 50:1 to 10:1) to give compound 9 (20 mg, 95%) as a white solid.

6. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 290

To a solution of compound 9 (20 mg, 0.0431 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) was added NH₃—H₂O (0.6 mL) and t-butyl hydroperoxide (135 mg, 0.862 mmol). After addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc (contained 10% methanol) (50 mL) and H₂O (20 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 290 (9.0 mg, 50%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.161 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 448 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.02 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (dd, J=2.4, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 5.90-6.40 (m, 1H), 4.05 (m, 1H), 3.80 (m, 1H), 3.54 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.83 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.84 (m, 3H), 1.32-1.51 (m, 2H), 1.23 (m, 9H), 1.47 (m, 1H), 0.35 (m, 2H), 0.08 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 376 MHz): δ −74.61

Example 241 Synthesis of Compound 291

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a mixture of 6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione (1) (1.04 g, 3.55 mmol) and silica gel (500 mg) in a 50 mL plastic tube there was added Deoxy-Fluor (20 mL, 50% in Toluene) slowly. Heat was generated at the beginning, and the addition of Deoxy-Fluor was stopped for 5 min before the rest of the reagent was added. The tube was capped, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. Water was added slowly, the solution was cooled to room temperature. Upon removal of Toluene, the residue was purified by flash chromatography to give 6′-bromo-4,4-difluorospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (2) (120.0 mg, 11%). LC-MS t_(R)=2.00 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 315 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

According to similar synthesis for compound 250, 6′-bromo-4,4-difluorospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (2) (120.0 mg, 0.38 mmol) was converted to compound 5 (88.0 mg, 58% 3 steps). Compound 3: LC-MS t_(R)=1.96 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 339 [M+H]⁺; Compound 4: LC-MS t_(R)=1.49 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 385 [M+H]⁺; Compound 5: LC-MS t_(R)=1.78 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 399 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

To a 10 mL CEM tube there was charged compound 5 (35.8 mg, 0.09 mmol), PdCl₂(pph₃)₂ (3.0 mg), Cs₂CO₃ (87 mg. 0.27 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) and water (0.2 mL). The tube was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 120° C. for 60 min. The solution was filtered, solvent was removed in vacuum, and the residue was purified with HPLC to give compound 6 (30.7 mg, 81%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.76 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 422 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 291

The above compound 6 (30.7 mg, 0.07 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) and transferred to a 10 mL CEM tube. Lawesson's reagent (29.5 mg, 0.07 mmol) was added to the tube, and the resulting mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 120° C. for 90 min, then 130° C. for 60 min. Solvent was removed and the residue was purified with flash chromatography (0 to 60% EtOAc/Hexane) to give thio-hydantoin 7 (24.0 mg, 78%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.92 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 438 [M+H]⁺.

To a solution of thio-hydantoin 7 (24.0 mg, 0.05 mmol) in NH₃-MeOH (7 N in MeOH, 3 mL) there was added t-butyl hydroperoxide (˜5.5 N in nonane, 0.5 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Upon removal of solvent, the residue was purified by HPLC to give compound 291 (5.7 mg, 21%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.43 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 421 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.96 (m, 1H), 7.72 (m, 2H), 7.62 (m, 2H), 7.52 (m, 1H), 3.24 (m, 2H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 2.20-1.84 (m, 5H), 1.72 (m, 2H), 1.54 (m, 1H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.4, −93.78 (d, J=237 Hz), −105.68 (d, J=237 Hz).

Example 242 Synthesis of Compound 292

According to the similar synthesis of compound 291, compound 1 (14 mg, 0.035 mmol) afforded compound 292 (3.8 mg, 21%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.33 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 398 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.54 (dd, J=0.8, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 2.20-1.80 (m, 5H), 1.64 (m, 2H), 1.48 (m, 1H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.4, −94.35 (d, J=237 Hz), −105.68 (d, J=237 Hz).

Example 243 Synthesis of Compound 293

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

A 10 mL CEM microwave tube was charged with compound 1 (107 mg, 0.27 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (6.1 mg, 10 mol %), (o-Tol)₃p (16.4 mg, 20 mol %) and K₂CO₃ (75 mg, 0.54 mmol). The mixture was degassed then protected with N₂. In a separated tube, ethynylcyclopropane in Toluene was degassed at −78° C., then warmed to room temperature. After degassing, excess ethynylcyclopropane in Toluene was added to the microwave tube with other reagents, and the resulting mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 120° C. for 180 min. The mixture was filtered, and purified by flash chromatography (0 to 60% EtOAx/Hexane) to give compound 2 (28.9 mg, 11%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.82 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 385 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 293

According to the similar synthesis of compound 291, compound 2 (28.9 mg, 0.075 mmol) afforded compound 293 (9.0 mg, 75%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.49 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 384 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.34 (m, 2H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 3.20 (m, 2H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 2.16-1.80 (m, 5H), 1.64 (m, 2H), 1.42 (m, 2H), 0.84 (m, 2H), 0.64 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 376 MHz): δ −77.4, −94.29 (d, J=237 Hz), −105.69 (d, J=237 Hz).

Example 244 Synthesis of Compounds 294 and 295

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a well-stirred solution of fuming nitric acid (40 mL) was added urea (0.2 g, 3.3 mmol) at room temperature. The solution was cooled to −15° C. and was stirred for 30 min. Compound 1 (10.0 g, 62.5 mmol) was added to the above solution slowly. The resulting mixture was stirred at −15° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture was poured into ice (50.0 g) and filtered to collect the solid and dried in vacuo to give compound 2 (10.2 g, 80%) as a white solid. ¹H-NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.51 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.47 (dd, J=2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.71 (s, 2H), 1.48 (s, 6H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of SnCl₂ (44.9 g, 199 mmol) in concentrated HCl (30 mL) was added a solution of compound 2 (10.2 g, 49.8 mmol) in 95% ethanol (10 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was treated with 50% aqueous NaOH (100 mL) to form yellow solid. The resulting mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (200 mL) and then was filtered, and the filtrate was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 3 (8.0 g, 92%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A mixture of compound 3 (4.5 g, 25.7 mmol) in ethanol (20 mL) and 40% HBr (10 mL) was cooled to −5° C.˜0° C. Then to the above mixture was added a solution of NaNO₂ (2.13 g, 30.9 mmol) in H₂O (10 mL) slowly while keeping temperature between −5° C.˜0° C. After addition, the mixture was stirred at −5° C.˜0° C. for 1 h. Then the resulting diazonium salt solution was added at 0° C. via a pipette to a mixture of CuBr (4.38 g, 30.9 mmol) in 40% aqueous HBr solution (20 mL) at 95° C. and the mixture was heated to reflux and was stirred for 15 min. After cooling down, the resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the crude compound 4, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=100:1) to give compound 4 (3.3 g, 54%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

Compound 4 (3.0 g, 12.6 mol) was dissolved in dry toluene (400 mL) and was heated at 100° C. under N₂. Benzyltrimethylammoniumhydroxide (3 mL, 0.92 g/mL) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture at 100° C. and was stirred at 100° C. for 30 min. Methylacrylate (40 mL, 0.954 g/mL) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was refluxed at 100° C. overnight. TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) showed compound 4 was consumed. The reaction mixture was poured into water (600 mL) and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (200 mL×3). The combined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude compound 5 (4.0 g), which was purified by column chromatography (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=10:1) to give pure compound 5 (1.7 g, 33%) as a red oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

A mixture of compound 5 (1.7 g, 4.24 mmol) in dry toluene (100 mL) was added NaH (0.7 g, 16.97 mmol) slowly under N₂. The resulting mixture was heated at reflux overnight. The reaction mixture was added dropwise to water (200 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL×3). The combined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude compound 6 (1.1 g, crude), which was used in next step directly.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

Compound 6 (1.1 g, 2.94 mmol) was dissolved in CH₃OH (20 mL) and NaOH/H₂O (26 mL, 0.77 mol/L). The resulting mixture was heated at reflux for 4 h. TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) showed compound 6 was consumed. CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL) was added. The separated organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give compound 7 (970 mg, 92%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.65 (dd, J=1.2 Hz, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.92 (m, 2H), 2.26 (m, 2H), 1.87 (m, 4H), 1.18 (s, 6H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8

Compound 7 (700 mg, 2.18 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (70 mL) and was cooled to −78° C. NaBH₄ (24.8 mg, 0.66 mmol) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture at −78° C. No more than 5 min, TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1) showed compound 7 was consumed. CH₃OH (10 mL) and EtOAc (20 mL) was added and allowed to warm to room temperature. Water (50 mL) was added and concentrated in vacuo to remove THF and CH₃OH. EtOAc (30 mL×3) was added again to dissolve the residue. The organic layer was separated, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude compound 8 (650 mg, 90% crude yield), which was used in next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 9

Compound 8 (650 mg, 1.89 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (30 mL) and was cooled to 0° C. NaH (379 mg, 9.47 mmol) was added to the reaction mixture at 0° C. slowly. After being stirred for 15 min, MeI (7.27 g, 37.89 mmol) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h and stirred at room temperature overnight. TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) showed compound 8 was consumed. Ethyl acetate (150 mL) and water (100 mL) was added. The separated organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo, which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) to give pure compound 9 (300 mg, 44% for the two steps) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=8.4 Hz 1H), 3.29 (s, 3H), 3.08 (m, 1H), 1.83 (m, 4H), 1.62 (m, 2H), 1.42 (m, 2H), 1.13 (s, 6H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 10

To a solution of compound 9 (100 mg, 0.3 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was added TiCl₄ (0.6 mL, 0.6 mmol, 1M in CH₂Cl₂). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. To the resulting mixture was added bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (122 mg, 0.65 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water, extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, concentrated in vacuo to give compound 10 (140 mg, 80%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 11

In a 30 mL steel autoclave was added compound 10 (140 mg, 0.39 mmol), KCN (100 mg, 1.56 mmol) and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (373 mg, 3.93 mmol). To this solid mixture was added EtOH (5 mL) and H₂O (5 mL). The steel autoclave was heated and stirred at 70° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into ice-water, filtered to collect the solid and dried in vacuo to give compound 11 (44 mg, 29%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 12

To a solution of compound 11 (44 mg, 0.073 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (20 mg, 0.146 mmol) and MeI (9 mg, 0.066 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The solution was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 12 (17 mg, 40%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 13

A mixture of compound 12 (17 mg, 0.04 mmol) and Lawesson'reagent (16 mg, 0.04 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 30 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was cooled, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1) to give the compound 13 (8 mg, 45%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 294

To a solution of compound 13 (8 mg, 0.02 mmol) in a mixture of MeOH (2 mL) and NH₄OH (4 mL) was added t-BuOOH (0.3 mL, 0.37 mmol, 65% in water). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and concentrated. Water (15 mL) and was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3), and the combined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue which was purified by HPLC to give the compound 294 (1.8 mg, 23%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.977 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=419 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.58 (dd, J=2.0, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.29 (m, 1H), 2.05 (m, 2H), 1.76 (m, 2H), 1.45 (m, 2H), 1.45 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 3H), 0.91 (m, 1H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 295

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (8 mg) in a 10 mL of flask under N₂ was treated sequentially with compound compound 294 (40 mg, 0.06 mmol), in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL), and compound 1A (20 mg, 0.12 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.84 mL). The mixture was stirred at 120° C. 15 min under N₂ in CEM microwave reactor. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and by HPLC (0.1% TFA as additive) to give compound 295 (8 mg, 24%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.076 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=442, 443 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.02 (d, 1H), 7.92 (dd, 1H), 7.72 (m, 1H), 7.68 (m, 1H), 7.60 (t, 1H), 7.55 (d, 1H), 7.45 (d, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.28 (m, 2H), 3.25 (m, 1H), 2.02 (m, 3H), 1.78 (m, 2H), 1.58 (m, 2H), 1.45 (s, 3H), 1.36 (s, 3H), 0.96 (m, 1H).

Example 245 Synthesis of Compound 296

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 1 (1.5 g, 5.1 mmol), KCN (0.7 g, 10.7 mmol), and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (4.0 g, 41.7 mmol). Formamide (60 mL) was added to the tube. The mixture was heated at 120° C. for 72 h, and the reaction mixture was cooled, and poured into ice-water (200 ml). After acidification with concentrated aqueous HCl solution (10 mL), the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (4×100 mL), and the combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×100 mL). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (petroleum ether:EtOAc=5:1 to 1:1) to give compound 2 (0.78 g, 41%) as pale yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.83 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 365.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.27 (s, 1H), 7.20-7.25 (dd, J=1.2, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.20 (d, 1H, J=1.2 Hz), 7.05-7.15 (d, 1H, J=5.2 Hz), 6.05 (s, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.10 (m, 2H), 2.90-3.00 (m, 1H), 1.95-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.15-1.45 (m, 6H), 0.75-0.85 (m, 2H), 0.65-0.75 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 2 (0.15 g, 0.41 mmol), 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-iodo-ethane (0.30 g, 1.4 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (0.30 g, 5.2 mmol) in DMF (2 mL). The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 2 h in a CEM microwave reactor. The reaction mixture was then cooled and poured into brine (40 ml). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×20 mL). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo, the resulting residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:EtOAc=50:1 to 2:1) to give compound 3 (0.12 g, 68%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.11 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 447.1 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A flask equipped with a condenser and a nitrogen balloon was charged with a mixture of compound 3 (0.12 g, 0.22 mmol), Lawesson's reagent (0.48 g, 1.2 mmol) in toluene (30 mL). The reaction mixture was heated to 130° C. for 4 h. After cooling down, the precipitate was filtered off and washed with ethyl acetate (2×40 mL). The filtrate and the washing were concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:EtOAc, 50:1 to 2:1) to give compound 4 with 80% purity (30 mg, 30%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 296

To a solution of compound 4 (15 mg, 0.032 mmol) in EtOH (2 mL) was added NH₃—H₂O (0.5 ml) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (0.10 g, 1.1 mol). After addition, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 296 (6.4 mg, 31%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.75 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 446.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.35-7.40 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.35 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.22 (s, 1H), 4.58-4.70 (m, 1H), 4.45-4.55 (m, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 2H), 3.05-3.15 (m, 1H), 1.95-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.50 (m, 4H), 1.25-1.40 (m, 2H), 0.85-0.95 (m, 2H), 0.65-0.75 (m, 2H).

Example 246 Synthesis of Compound 297

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a mixture of 2-formylthiazole (0.30 g, 2.65 mmol) and methanol (30 mL) was added sodium borohydride (0.20 g, 5.30 mmol) at 0° C., the resulting mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h. Water (1 mL) was added to this reaction mixture to quench the reaction. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. H₂O (30 mL) was added and the mixture was adjusted to pH=7-8 by addition of 1 N HCl. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (contained 10% ethanol) (3×30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give compound 6 (0.30 g, 100% crude yield) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 7.65-7.70 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.30 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 4.89-4.96 (s, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of compound 6 in CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL) was added SOCl₂ (0.34 g, 2.86 mmol) via a syringe at 0° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h and then allowed to warm to ambient temperature overnight. Saturated NaHCO₃ (15 mL) was added and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for another 10 min. After stirring, the mixture was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 7 (0.26 g, 74% crude yield) as a red oil, which was used for the next step without purification. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.75-7.85 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.45 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 4.90-4.95 (s, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 297

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 2 described in Example 245 (0.10 g, 0.23 mmol) was alkylated with compound 7 (50 mg, 0.37 mmol) in the presence of K₂CO₃ (0.10 g, 0.72 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) to give compound 8 (0.12 g, 95%) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.99 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 462.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 7.55-7.85 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.40 (m, 2H,), 7.20-7.30 (m, 2H), 5.70-5.75 (s, 1H), 5.00-5.10 (s, 2H), 3.35-3.45 (s, 3H), 3.18-3.22 (m, 1H), 3.10-3.18 (m, 1H), 3.05-3.10 (m, 1H). 2.05-2.15 (m. 1H), 1.95-2.05 (m, 2H), 1.35-1.50 (m, 6H), 0.85-0.95 (m, 2H), 0.75-0.85 (m, 2H).

Compound 8 (0.12 g, 0.26 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's reagent (0.25 g, 0.62 mmol) to give compound 9 with 74% purity (30 mg, 25%) as a yellow solid, which was used for the next step directly without purification. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.23 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 478 [M+H]⁺.

Finally, compound 9 (30 mg, 0.063 mmol) was converted to compound 297 (12 mg, 34%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.70 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 461.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.78-7.82 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.70 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.40 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.35 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.25 (s. 1H), 5.27-5.35 (d, J=17.2 Hz, 1H), 5.20-5.27 (d, J=17.6 Hz, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.15-3.25 (m, 2H), 3.05-3.15 (m, 1H), 3.05-3.10 (m, 1H). 2.00-2.10 (m. 2H), 1.75-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.55 (m, 5H), 1.25-1.35 (m, 1H), 0.85-0.95 (m, 2H), 0.65-0.75 (m, 2H).

Example 247 Synthesis of Compound 298

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2B

To a solution of 2A (200 mg, 1.8 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added SOCl₂ (428 mg, 3.6 mmol) at 0° C., the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 10 min, then was allowed to warm to room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched by addition of aq. sat. NaHCO₃ (10 mL), then was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 2B (100 mg, 43%) as a yellow solid, which was used in the next step without further purification. ¹H NMR: (DMSO-d₆ 400 MHz): 9.21 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (m, 1H), 5.05 (s, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 298

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 2 described in Example 245 (200 mg, 0.54 mmol) was alkylated with compound 2B (77.3 mg, 0.60 mmol) to give compound 10 (100 mg, 40%) as a yellow solid. which was used in the next step without further purification; LCMS: t_(R)=1.239 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 457.2 [M+H]

Compound 10 (15 mg, 0.032 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's reagent (13.2 mg, 0.032 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere to afford compound 11 (10 mg, 64%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.313 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 473.1 [M+H]

Finally, compound 11 (10 mg, 0.02 mmol) in EtOH (1 mL) was converted to compound 298 (1 mg, 10%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.750 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 456.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.16 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 2H), 7.29 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 5.18 (d, J=16.8 Hz, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.15-3.21 (m, 1H), 3.09 (s, 2H), 2.05-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.76 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.64 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.49 (m, 4H), 1.36-1.28 (m, 1H), 0.91 (m, 2H), 0.7 (m, 2H).

Example 248 Synthesis of Compound 299

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 19

To a stirred 0° C. solution of compound 17 (2.00 g, 36.30 mmol), Et₃N (3.70 g, 36.30 mmol) and DMAP (85 mg, 7.80 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) under Argon was added dropwise slowly a solution of compound 18 (5.50 g, 36.30 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (12 mL). The reaction was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The temperature was allowed to rise to room temperature. The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give crude product, which was purified by silica gel with hexane:ethyl acetate (4:1) to give compound 19 (4.10 g, 67%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 8.02 (s, 1H), 4.27 (s, 1H), 4.48 (s, 1H), 4.06 (s, 2H), 3.56-3.51 (m, 1H), 3.40-3.25 (m, 3H), 3.07-3.00 (m, 1H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 20

To a stirred solution of compound 19 (2.40 g, 14.2 mmol) in CH₃CN (40 mL) under Argon was added AuCl₃ (432 mg, 1.42 mmol) at room temperature. The reaction was heated to reflux overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give crude product, which was purified by silica gel with hexane/ethyl acetate (10:1 to 5:1) to give compound 20 (1.00 g, 42%) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 6.65 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.15 (m, 2H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 1.25-1.20 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 21

To a solution of compound 20 (0.60 g, 3.72 mmol) in anhydrous THF (30 mL) was added DIBAL-H (4.5 mL, 4.5 mmol, 1 M in toluene) at 0° C. under nitrogen. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 4 h, and then was warmed to ambient temperature overnight. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. again, and then was quenched by adding H₂O (0.18 mL), 15% NaOH aq. (0.18 mL) and H₂O (0.45 mL). The mixture was warmed to ambient temperature, then MgSO₄ (5 g) and EtOAc (30 mL) were added with stirring. After stirring at ambient temperature for 15 min, the precipitate was filtered off and was washed with EtOAc (20 mL). The combined organic fractions were concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 21 (0.17 g, 36% crude yield) as a yellow oil, which was used directly in next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 14

To a solution of compound 21 (0.16 g, 1.26 mmol, crude) and Et₃N (0.30 g, 2.96 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL) was added MsCl (0.22 g, 1.89 mmol) at 0° C. under nitrogen with stirring. The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h, and then was warmed to ambient temperature overnight. The mixture was cooled to 0° C. again, and then H₂O (20 mL) and EtOAc (20 mL) were added with stirring. The mixture was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 14 (0.17 g, 66% crude yield) as a yellow oil, which was used directly in next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 299

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 2 described in Example 245 (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) was alkylated with compound 14 to give compound 15 (70 mg, 55%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.897 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=474 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.24 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=7.6, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 5.23 (m, 1H), 3.80 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 2.98-3.05 (m, 5H), 2.14 (s, 3H), 1.85-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.15-1.35 (m, 6H), 0.80 (m, 2H), 0.71 (m, 2H).

Compound 15 (70 mg, 0.15 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's reagent to give compound 16 (22 mg, 30%, 42% purity) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.434 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=490 [M+H]⁺.

Finally, compound 16 (22 mg, 0.018 mmol, 42% purity) was converted to compound 299 (4.6 mg, 54%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.563 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=473 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.13 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.53 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.29 (s, 3H), 3.01 (m, 3H), 2.98 (s, 2H), 2.09 (s, 3H), 1.89 (m, 2H), 1.59 (m, 1H), 1.05-1.50 (m, 6H), 0.75 (m, 2H), 0.60 (m, 2H).

Example 249 Synthesis of Compound 300

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 2 described in Example 245 (0.10 g, 0.27 mmol) was alkylated with 2-chloromethyl-oxazole (2A) (0.032 g, 0.27 mmol) to give compound 3 (0.056 g, 69%) as a pale yellow solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.770 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 446 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ7.51 (s, 1H), 7.24 (dt, J=7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (m, 2H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.37 (s, 1H), 4.73 (s, 2H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.10 (m, 2H), 2.97 (d, J=15.6, 1H), 2.01 (m, 1H), 1.88 (m, 2H), 1.15-1.60 (m, 6H), 0.80 (m, 2H), 0.68 (m, 2H).

Compound 3 (65 mg, 0.15 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's reagent (70 mg, 0.17 mmol) to give compound 4 (30 mg, 43%) as a pale yellow solid, which was converted compound 300 (9.9 mg, 34%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.509 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 445 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 7.02 (s, 1H), 4.89 (s, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 3.11 (d, J=16.8 Hz, 1H), 3.06 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.03 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.65 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.50 (m, 5H), 0.89 (m, 2H), 0.71 (m, 2H).

Example 250 Synthesis of Compound 301

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (350 mg, 0.923 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (382 mg, 2.77 mmol). After being stirred for 5 min, compound 1A (169 mg, 1.1 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 h, LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was poured into water (20 mL), extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by preparative TLC (petroleum/ethyl acetate=1:1) to give compound 2 (233 mg, 56%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A solution of compound 2 (200 mg, 0.44 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (197 mg, 0.487 mmol) in dry toluene (20 mL) was heated to reflux for 5 h under N₂ atmosphere. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum/ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 3 (180 mg, 87%) as a white solid.

Preparation of Compound 301

A mixture of compound 3 (180 mg, 0.385 mmol) and t-butyl hydroperoxide (1.07 g of a 65% solution in water, 7.7 mmol) in NH₄OH/MeOH (4/20 mL) was stirred overnight at room temperature, LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. Purification of this residue by preparative TLC (petroleum/ethyl acetate=1:1) afforded compound compound 301 (130 mg, 75%) and one part was further purified by preparative HPLC to give compound compound 301 (5.5 mg delivered) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.002 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 450.1 & 452.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.40-7.43 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23-7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11-7.15 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 4.27-4.32 (m, 1H), 3.77-3.90 (tt, 1H), 3.46-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.38-3.40 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 6H), 3.12-3.18 (m, 1H), 3.05 (s, 2H), 1.96-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.86-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.59-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.24-1.44 (m, 7H).

Example 251 Synthesis of Compound 302

To a solution of compound 301 (30 mg, 0.067 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (3 mg) and CuCN (60 mg, 0.67 mmol) under N₂ atmosphere, the resulting mixture was degassed and purged with N₂ for three times. The reaction was heated to 180° C. for 30 min in microwave. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH=15:1) and preparative HPLC to give compound 302 (3.0 mg, 11%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.932 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 397.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.64-7.66 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.51 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.35 (d, J=20.4 Hz, 1H), 4.27-4.32 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.90 (tt, 1H), 3.46-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.36-3.38 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 6H), 3.13-3.17 (m, 3H), 1.96-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.87-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.62-1.66 (m, 1H), 1.28-1.40 (m, 7H).

Example 252 Synthesis of Compound 303

A solution containing compound 301 (30 mg, 0.067 mmol) and compound 1B (47 mg, 0.133 mmol) in toluene (4 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (3 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 130° C. for 30 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (10 mL) and aqueous CsF (4 M, 10 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum/ethyl acetate=1:1) and preparative HPLC to give compound 303 (1.7 mg, 5.8%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.947 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 436.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.19-7.27 (q, 2H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 4.27-4.34 (m, 1H), 3.78-3.91 (tt, 1H), 3.46-3.53 (m, 1H), 3.36-3.38 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 6H), 3.13-3.19 (m, 3H), 1.83-2.09 (m, 3H), 1.54-1.65 (m, 1H), 1.22-1.49 (m, 8H), 0.84-0.93 (m, 2H), 0.65-0.78 (m, 2H).

Example 253 Synthesis of Compound 304

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 2 described in Example 245 (65 mg, 0.18 mmol) was alkylated with 3-Bromo-propionic acid methyl ester (36 mg, 0.22 mmol) to give compound 11 (56 mg, 69%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.809 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=451 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.27 (m, 2H), 7.13 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 3.71 (t, J=9.6 Hz, 2H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.10 (m, 2H), 2.97 (d, J=21.2 Hz, 1H), 2.58 (t, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 1.70-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.15-1.40 (m, 6H), 0.80 (m, 2H), 0.70 (m, 2H).

Compound 11 (56 mg, 0.11 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's reagent (60 mg, 0.15 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (1 mL) under nitrogen to give compound 12 (25 mg, 59%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.931 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=467 [M+H]⁺.

Finally, compound 12 (25 mg, 0.054 mmol) was converted to compound 304 (10.4 mg, 44%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.421 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=435 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.24 (s, 2H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 3.80 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 2H), 2.97 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.54 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.65 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.50 (m, 5H), 0.88 (m, 2H), 0.68 (m, 2H).

Example 254 Synthesis of Compound 305

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 305b

To a solution of compound 305a (100 mg, 0.88 mol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL) was added SOCl₂ (130 mg, 1.2 mol). The resulting suspension was stirred at 15° C. for 12 h. The mixture was concentrated to afford the crude compound 305b (95 mg, 80%) as a yellow oil, which was used in next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 305

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 2 described in Example 245 (70 mg, 0.19 mmol) was alkylated with compound 38 (28 mg, 0.2 mmol) to give compound 39 (70 mg, 80%) as a white solid.

Compound 39 (40 mg, 0.9 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (40 mg, 1.0 mmol) to give compound 39A (18 mg, 45%) as a white solid, which was converted to compound 305 (2.20 mg, yield 15%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.005 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=460.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.20-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.00-7.10 (s, 1H), 5.00-5.05 (s, 2H), 3.30-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.25-3.30 (m, 1H), 3.05-3.10 (m, 2H), 2.55-2.60 (s, 3H), 1.95-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.85-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.50 (m, 5H), 0.85-0.95 (m, 2H), 0.65-0.75 (m, 2H).

Example 255 Synthesis of Compound 306

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 2 described in Example 245 (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) was alkylated with 5-Chloromethylpyrimidine (306A) (38 mg, 0.30 mmol) to give compound 306a (95 mg, 77%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.130 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 457 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 306a (90 mg, 0.20 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's reagent (120 mg, 0.30 mmol) to give compound 306b (24 mg, 25%) as a white solid, which was converted to compound 306 (6.0 mg, 26%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.639 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 456 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 300 MHz): δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.74 (s, 2H), 7.21 (m, 2H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 4.78 (s, 2H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 3H), 1.85-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.75 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.60 (m, 6H), 0.85 (m, 2H), 0.70 (m, 2H).

Example 256 Synthesis of Compound 307

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 2 described in Example 245 (120 mg, 0.33 mmol) was alkylated with compound 1A (50 mg, 0.40 mmol) to give compound 2A (70 mg, 51%) as a white solid.

Compound 2A (30 mg, 0.073 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (33 mg, 0.080 mmol) to give compound 3 (15 mg, 48%), which was converted to compound 307 (7.9 mg, 38%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.014 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 410.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.37 (m, 2H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 4.67 (m, 1H), 4.55 (m, 1H), 4.07 (m, 2H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.19 (m, 3H), 2.07 (m, 2H), 1.90 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 1.40 (m, 6H), 0.91 (m, 2H), 0.73 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ −76.97.

Example 267 Synthesis of Compound 308

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 308a

To a solution of compound 308A (1.0 g, 13.3 mmol) and Et₃N (4.0 g, 40 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (30 mL) was added MsCl (3.2 g, 28 mmol) slowly. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 10 h. H₂O (100 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (2×50 mL). The organic layers were concentrated in vacuo to give the crude compound 308a (2.0 g, 60%) as a yellow oil, which was used directly in next step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 308

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 2 described in Example 245 (70 mg, 0.19 mmol) was alkylated with compound 308a (46 mg, 0.19 mmol) to give compound 308b (93 mg, 80%) as a colorless oil.

Compound 308b (90 mg, 0.17 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (75 mg, 0.18 mmol) in dry toluene (4 mL) to give compound 19 (31 mg, 30%) as a colorless oil, which was converted compound 308 (15 mg, 50%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.00 in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=499.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.15-7.30 (m, 2H), 7.00-7.05 (s, 1H), 3.80-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.75 (m, 1H), 3.45-3.55 (m, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.30 (m, 4H), 2.80-2.90 (s, 6H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.90-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.55 (m, 6H), 0.80-0.90 (m, 2H), 0.65-0.75 (m, 2H).

Example 258 Synthesis of Compound 309

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (500 mg, 1.3 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (550 mg, 4 mmol). After stirring for 5 min, 1-bromo-2-methoxy-ethane (185 mg, 1.3 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 10 h. The precipitate was filtered off, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 2 (400 mg, 80%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A suspension of compound 2 (100 mg, 0.23 mmol), tributyl-cyclopropylethynyl-stannane (420 mg, 1.2 mmol) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (16 mg, 0.03 mmol) in dry toluene (2.5 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 30 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give compound 3 (50 mg, 50%) as a yellow oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A suspension of compound 3 (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) in dry toluene (2 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 35 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=1/1) to give compound 4 (20 mg, 40%) as a colorless oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 309

A solution of compound 4 (20 mg, 0.045 mmol), t-BuOOH (0.5 mL), NH₃.H₂O (0.5 mL) in MeOH (2 mL) was stirred at 20° C. for 10 h. Then, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 309 (16 mg, 80%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.020 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=422.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.15-7.30 (m, 2H), 6.95-7.00 (s, 1H), 3.70-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.30 (m, 3H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.55 (m, 5H), 0.80-0.90 (m, 2H), 0.65-0.75 (m, 2H).

Example 259 Synthesis of Compound 310

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

A suspension of compound 2 (100 mg, 0.23 mmol), CuCN (41 mg, 0.46 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (25 mg, 0.03 mmol) in dry DMF (2 mL) was heated under 180° C. for 45 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give compound 5 (56 mg, 60%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

A suspension of compound 5 (55 mg, 0.14 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (60 mg, 0.15 mmol) in dry toluene (2 mL) was heated under 130° C. for 35 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column (eluent: petroleum ether/ethyl acetate=2/1) to give compound 6 (33 mg, 60%) as a colorless oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 310

A solution of compound 6 (33 mg, 0.08 mmol), t-BuOOH (0.5 mL), NH₃.H₂O (0.5 mL) in EtOH (2 mL) was stirred at 20° C. for 10 h. Then, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 310 as a white solid (24 mg, 60%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.450 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=383.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.60-7.65 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.50 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.30 (s, 1H), 3.70-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.30 (m, 3H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.90 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.45 (m, 4H).

Example 260 Synthesis of Compound 311

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

A suspension of compound 2 (60 mg, 0.14 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (60 mg, 0.15 mmol) in dry toluene (2 mL) was heated under 130° C. for 35 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 7 (24 mg, 40%) as a colorless oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8

A solution of compound 7 (24 mg, 0.05 mmol), t-BuOOH (0.5 mL), NH₃.H₂O (0.5 mL) in EtOH (2 mL) was stirred at 20° C. for 10 h. Then, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 8 (17 mg, 55%) as white a solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 311

A suspension of compound 8 (17 mg, 0.04 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (4 mg, 0.05 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃) (3 mg, 0.004 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.1 mL, 2 N in water) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) was heated under 120° C. for 15 min in CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 311 (15 mg, 80%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.010 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=459.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.90-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.55-7.70 (m, 3H), 7.45-7.55 (m, 2H), 3.85-4.05 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.40 (m, 6H), 3.10-3.30 (m, 3H), 2.00-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.55-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.45 (m, 4H).

Example 261 Synthesis of Compound 312

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 312b

To a solution of (3-amino-phenyl)-methanol (0.20 g, 1.414 mmol) and Et₃N (0.50 g, 4.94 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) was added Methane sulfonyl chloride (0.50 g, 4.36 mmol) via a syringe slowly with stirring. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched by addition 20 mL saturated NaHCO₃ with stirring. The mixture was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated brine (2×10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude compound 312b (0.40 g, 100%) as a brown oil, which was used directly in next step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 312

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 312c (50 mg, 0.14 mmol) was alkylated with methanesulfonic acid 3-methanesulfonylamino-benzyl ester (58 mg, 0.21 mmol) at the presence of Cs₂CO₃ (0.10 g, 0.31 mmol) to give compound 312d (40 mg, 52%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.894 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 520 [M-31]⁺, 552 [M+H]⁺, 574 [M+23]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.77 (s, 1H), 7.40, (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 4.66 (s, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.16 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 3.09 (m, 5H), 2.66 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.85-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.20-1.50 (m, 7H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

Compound 312d (40 mg, 0.073 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's reagent (40 mg, 0.099 mmol) in anhydrous Toluene (1 mL) to give compound 312e (19 mg, 42%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.230 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 568 [M+H]⁺.

Finally, compound 312e (19 mg, 0.030 mmol) was reacted with NH₃-EtOH (1 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (100 mg, 1.11 mmol) to give compound 312 (16.7 mg, 92%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.424 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 551 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.33, (m, 2H), 7.20 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (m, 3H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 4.78 (s, 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 3.10 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.04 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.93 (s, 3H), 2.69 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.65 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.50 (m, 6H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.03 (m, 2H).

Example 262 Synthesis of Compound 313

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 313a (50 mg, 0.14 mmol) was alkylated with compound 1A (35 mg, 0.15 mmol) to give compound 313b (28 mg, 47%), which was reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (30.9 mg, 0.077 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (2.5 mL) to give compound 313c (21 mg, 70%).

Compound 313c (21 mg, 0.046 mmol) was then reacted with t-BuOOH (127.9 mg, 0.92 mmol) in NH₄OH (1 mL) and EtOH (2.5 mL) to give compound 313 (2.8 mg, 14%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.018 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 439.4 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.259 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 2H), 7.087 (s, 1H), 4.130 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.352 (m, 5H), 3.173 (m, 3H), 2.940 (s, 6H), 2.711 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 2H), 2.083 (m, 2H), 1.874 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 1.447 (s, 6H), 1.32 (m, 1H), 0.68 (s, 1H), 0.42 (s, 2H), 0.02 (s, 2H).

Example 263 Synthesis of Compound 314

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 314a (50 mg, 0.14 mmol) was alkylated with 2-chloromethyl oxazole (25 mg, 0.21 mmol) to give compound 314b (40 mg, 63%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.038 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=450 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 314b (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's reagent (60 mg, 0.15 mmol) to give compound 314c (30 mg, 59%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.214 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=466 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 314c (30 mg, 0.064 mmol) was then reacted with NH₃-EtOH (1 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (200 mg, 2.22 mmol) to give compound 314 (20.6 mg, 72%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.383 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=449 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.19 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (s, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.89 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.18 (m, 1H), 3.09 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.05 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.68 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.65 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.50 (m, 5H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

Example 264 Synthesis of Compound 315

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 1 (50 mg, 0.14 mmol) was alkylated with compound 315A (26.5 mg, 0.14 mmol) to give compound 315a (26 mg, 41%).

Compound 315a (26 mg, 0.038 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson'reagent (18.3 mg, 0.045 mmol) to give compound 315b (20 mg, 75%), which was converted to compound 315 (11.2 mg, 58%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.223 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=483 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.80 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (m, 2H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 5.13 (s, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, 1H), 3.06 (m, 2H), 2.73 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.01 (m, 2H), 1.75 (m, 1H), 1.50 (m, 6H), 1.33 (m, 1H), 0.69 (m, 1H), 0.39 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

Example 265 Synthesis of Compound 316

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 316a

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 2 (0.20 g, 0.55 mmol) was alkylated with tert-butyl 3-bromopropanoate to give compound 316a (0.20 g, 72%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ 7.29 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 5.45 (s, 1H), 3.73 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.55 (s, 3H), 3.16 (d, J=16.2 Hz, 1H), 3.07 (m, 1H), 3.01 (d, J=15.3 Hz, 1H), 2.58 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 1.70-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 1.20-1.35 (m, 6H), 0.85 (m, 2H), 0.75 (m, 2H).

Compound 316a (0.19 g, 0.39 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's Reagent to give compound 316b (60 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.346 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=453 [M-56]⁺, 531 [M+Na]⁺.

Compound 316b (60 g, 0.12 mmol) was then converted to compound 316c (20 mg, 34%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.716 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=492 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 316

A flask was charged with EtOAc (5 mL), the flask was immersed into ice-water for 5 min, and then dried HCl gas was bubbled into the flask at 0° C. for 5 min. After that, compound 316c (18 mg, 0.037 mmol) was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC (TFA as buffer) to give the product as a white solid with 90% purity, which was re-purified by preparative HPLC (TFA as buffer) to give pure compound 316 (4.5 mg, 23%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.475 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=436 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.33 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 3.94 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 3H), 2.70 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.50 (m, 6H), 0.85 (m, 2H), 0.65 (m, 2H).

Example 266 Synthesis of Compound 317

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 317b

To a solution of compound 317a (500 mg, 4.4 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (10 mL) was added NaH (318.5 mg, 13.2 mmol) and MeI (1.29 g, 8.8 mmol). The resulting suspension was stirred at 50° C. for 1 h in a CEM microwave reactor. Water (10 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 317b (200 mg, 32%) as a yellow liquid which was used in the next step without further purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.97 (s, 1H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 2.84 (s, 3H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 317c

To a solution of compound 317b (200 mg, 1.41 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added NaBH₄ (214 mg, 5.67 mmol) under nitrogen, the reaction mixture was heated at reflux overnight. After cooling, water (2 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 317c (50 mg, 28%) as a white solid which was used in the next step without further purification. H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.30 (s, 1H), 4.57 (s, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 317d

To a solution of compound 317c (50 mg, 0.44 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) was added SOCl₂ (58 mg, 0.48 mmol) at 0° C. After addition, the mixture was warmed to ambient temperature and was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched with NaHCO₃ (5 mL), extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL×3), washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 317d (46 mg, 80%) as a yellow oil which was used in the next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 317e

To a solution of compound 1 (20 mg, 0.052 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added Cs₂CO₃ (68 mg, 0.21 mmol) and compound 317d (27.6 mg, 0.21 mmol), the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was extracted with EA (10 mL×3), washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc=1:1 to give compound 317e (10 mg, 33%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.153 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=571.3 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 317

A solution of compound 317e (10 mg, 0.017 mmol), NH₄I (25 mg, 0.17 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 3 h. After being cooled, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with dichloromethane:methanol=10:1 and by preparative HPLC to give compound 317 (3.0 mg, 37%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.004 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=459.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.32 (s, 1H), 7.31 (d, J=8.0, Hz, 2H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 4.80 (s, 2H), 3.91-3.88 (s, 3H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.19-3.12 (m, 1H), 3.12 (s, 2H), 2.03-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.90-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.51 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.32 (m, 3H), 1.30-1.12 (m, 2H), 0.91-0.80 (m, 2H), 0.71-0.60 (m, 2H).

Example 267 Synthesis of Compound 318

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 318b

To a solution of compound 318a (200 mg, 2.27 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added MsCl (286 mg, 2.50 mmol) and Et₃N (689 mg, 6.81 mmol) at 0° C., the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. Then H₂O (20 mL) was added and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×20 mL), the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 318b as a yellow oil (160 mg, 42%), which was used for the next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 318

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (200 mg, 0.53 mmol) was alkylated with compound 318b (262 mg, 1.29 mmol) in the presence of Cs₂CO₃ (511 mg, 1.59 mmol) to give compound 318c (200 mg, 73%) as a white solid.

Compound 318c (200 mg, 0.38 mmol) was then converted to compound 318 (50 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.959 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 434 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.23 (m, 2H), 7.08 (m, 1H), 4.90 (m, 1H), 4.61 (m, 1H), 4.45 (m, 1H), 3.86 (m, 2H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.10 (m, 2H), 3.02 (m, 2H), 2.63 (m, 1H), 2.36 (m, 1H), 1.83 (m, 3H), 1.33 (m, 5H), 1.22 (m, 1H), 0.76 (m, 2H), 0.57 (m, 2H).

Example 268 Synthesis of Compound 319

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (150 mg, 0.38 mmol) was alkylated with compound 319A (190 mg, 1.14 mmol) to give compound 319a (151 mg, 74%) as a white solid. Compound 319a (100 mg, 0.18 mmol) was reacted with NH₄I (217 mg, 1.49 mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (3 mL, 0.5 N) to give compound 319b (50 mg, 59%) as a white solid.

Compound 319b (20 mg, 0.04 mmol) in a 10 mL of flask under N₂ was treated sequentially with compound 319B (12.6 mg, 0.08 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.06 mL, 0.12 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg). The mixture was heated at 120° C. at N₂ under microwave for 15 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and HPLC (TFA buffer) to give compound 319 (3.0 mg, 15%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.930 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 465 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.57 (m, 1H), 8.35 (m, 1H), 7.84 (m, 1H), 7.65 (m, 1H), 7.50 (m, 1H), 7.45 (m, 1H), 4.92 (m, 1H), 4.60 (m, 1H), 4.46 (m, 1H), 3.92 (m, 2H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 3.12 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m, 1H), 2.39 (m, 1H), 1.98 (m, 3H), 1.39 (m, 4H), 1.23 (m, 1H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F): δ −128.25.

Example 269 Synthesis of Compound 320

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (30 mg, 0.076 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 320a (79.8 mg, 0.315 mmol) to give compound 320b (20 mg, 45%) as a yellow solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.003 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=563.2 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 320b (20 mg, 0.035 mmol) was then converted to compound 320 (2.0 mg, 13%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.918 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=455.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 8.54 (s, 1H), 8.50-8.49 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.85-7.75 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.46-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.01-6.80 (s, 1H), 4.79 (s, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.19-3.05 (m, 3H), 2.10-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.51 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.41 (m, 1H), 1.41-1.20 (m, 4H), 0.92-0.82 (m, 2H), 0.75-0.65 (m, 2H).

Example 270 Synthesis of Compound 321

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (30 mg, 0.079 mmol) was dialkylated with 2-bromo-butane (60 mg, 0.44 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) to give compound 321a (38 mg, 97%) as a white solid, which was used directly in next step. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.002 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=493 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 321a (38 mg, 0.077 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (100 mg, 0.69 mmol) and NH₃-EtOH (2 mL) to give compound 321 (3.7 mg, 12%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.621 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=420 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.13 (m, 2H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 3.85 (m, 1H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 3.03 (m, 1H), 2.99 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 2.95 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 1.93 (m, 2H), 1.88 (m, 2H), 1.67 (m, 2H), 1.15-1.45 (m, 8H), 0.82 (m, 5H), 0.61 (m, 2H).

Example 271 Synthesis of Compound 322

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (30 mg, 0.079 mmol) was dialkylated to give compound 322a (33 mg, 89%) as a pale yellow solid, which was used directly in next step. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.862 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=465 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 322a (33 mg, 0.071 mmol) was then converted to compound 322 (14.3 mg, 50%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.561 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=406 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.26 (m, 2H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 3.52 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.17 (m, 2H), 3.07 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.03 (m, 2H), 1.87 (m, 1H), 1.67 (m, 3H), 1.25-1.50 (m, 5H), 0.95 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.87 (m, 2H), 0.73 (m, 2H).

Example 272 Synthesis of Compound 323

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (30 mg, 0.079 mmol) was dialkylated to give compound 323a (38 mg, 97%) as a white solid, which was used directly in next step. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.010 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=493 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 323a (38 mg, 0.077 mmol) was converted to compound 323 (14.3 mg, 44%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.620 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=420 [M+H]⁺.

¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.16 (m, 2H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 3.45 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.08 (m, 2H), 2.97 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 1.93 (m, 1H), 1.88 (m, 1H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.55 (m, 3H), 1.25-1.40 (m, 7H), 0.88 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.79 (m, 2H), 0.63 (m, 2H).

Example 273 Synthesis of Compound 324

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (30 mg, 0.080 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 324A (35 mg, 0.17 mmol) in the presence of K₂CO₃ (54 mg, 0.40 mmol), to give compound 324a (42 mg, 74%) as a white solid.

Compound 324a (42 mg, 0.058 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (84 mg, 0.58 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2.5 mL) to give compound 324 (3.3 mg, 11%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.127 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 537.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.94 (m, 2H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.67 (m, 1H), 7.55 (m, 2H), 7.35 (m, 2H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 4.90 (m, 2H), 3.32 (m, 3H), 3.16 (m, 3H), 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.47 (m, 5H), 1.32 (m, 1H), 0.90 (m, 2H), 0.072 (m, 2H).

Example 274 Synthesis of Compound 325

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (0.030 g, 0.079 mmol) was dialkylated with (2-Bromo-ethyl)-dimethyl-amine hydrobromide salt (0.25 g, 1.07 mmol) to give compound 325a (15 mg, 10%) as a yellow oil.

Compound 325a (15 mg, 0.029 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (50 mg, 0.35 mmol) and NH₃-EtOH (1 mL) to give compound 325 (5.0 mg, 40%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.275 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) MS (ESI) m/z=435 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.18 (dd, J=1.2, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 3.64 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.08 (m, 1H), 2.95 (m, 2H), 2.55 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.28 (s, 6H), 1.95 (m, 2H), 1.87 (m, 1H), 1.52 (m, 1H), 1.15-1.40 (m, 5H), 0.80 (m, 2H), 0.63 (m, 2H).

Example 275 Synthesis of Compound 326

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dialkylated compound 326A (70 mg, 0.13 mmol) to give compound 326a (34 mg, 45%) as a white solid.

Compound 326a (54 mg, 0.09 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (137 mg, 0.94 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (2.5 mL) to give compound 326 (3.3 mg, 8%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.061 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 460.2 [M-41]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.37 (m, 2H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 4.01 (m, 2H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.17 (m, 3H), 2.68 (m, 2H), 2.02 (m, 3H), 1.42 (m, 6H), 0.89 (m, 2H), 0.71 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −77.05, −66.31.

Example 276 Synthesis of Compound 327

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 9

To a solution of compound 327a (500 mg, 3.47 mmol) in anhydrous CCl₄ (10 mL) was added 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethyl-imidazolidine-2,4-dione (694 mg, 2.42 mmol) and Bz₂O (92 mg, 0.38 mmol). The resulting suspension was heated at reflux for 12 h. The mixture was filtered through a pad of celite and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with hexane: EtOAc=3:1 to give compound 327b (50 mg, 6%) as a yellow liquid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ 8.93 (s, 1H), 8.07-8.01 (m, 2H), 7.74-7.71 (m, 2H), 4.72 (s, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 327

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (30 mg, 0.076 mmol) was dialkylated with 2-(bromomethyl)quinoxaline (327b) to give compound 327c (20 mg, 38%) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.418 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 665.2 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 327c (20 mg, 0.03 mmol) was then converted to compound 327 (2.20 mg, 14%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.935 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 506.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.85-8.80 (s, 1H), 8.10-8.01 (m, 2H), 7.90-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.41 (s, 1H), 7.29-7.25 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.20 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.40-5.30 (d, J=19.6 Hz, 1H), 5.40-5.30 (d, J=19.6 Hz, 1H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.10 (m, 2H), 3.05-2.95 (d, J=19.6 Hz, 1H), 2.10-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.90-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.30 (m, 4H), 1.30-1.10 (m, 1H), 0.91-0.81 (m, 2H), 0.72-0.61 (m, 2H).

Example 277 Synthesis of Compound 328

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 328b

To a solution of compound 328a (200 mg, 1.32 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added MsCl (226 mg, 1.97 mmol) and Et₃N (266 mg, 2.63 mmol) at 0° C., the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. Then H₂O (20 mL) was added and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL), the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 328b (350 mg, crude) as a yellow oil, which was used for the next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 328

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (60 mg, 0.16 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 328b (181 mg, 0.79 mmol), to give compound 328c (100 mg, 98%).

Compound 328c (125 mg, 0.19 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (280 mg, 1.93 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (3 mL) to give compound 328 (15.0 mg, 16%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.128 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=498.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.40 (m, 6H), 7.31 (m, 1H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 4.53 (m, 1H), 3.99 (m, 1H), 3.87 (m, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.27 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 3H), 3.18 (m, 2H), 3.09 (m, 1H), 2.03 (s, 2H), 1.68 (m, 1H), 1.34 (m, 6H), 0.90 (m, 2H), 0.72 (m, 2H).

Example 278 Synthesis of Compound 329

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (30 mg, 0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with 1-bromo-3-methoxy-propane (329a) (35 mg, 0.23 mmol) to give compound 329b (25 mg, 61%) as a white solid.

Compound 329b (25 mg, 0.048 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (100 mg, 0.69 mmol) and NH₃-EtOH (2 mL) to give compound 329 (18.3 mg, 87%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.604 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=440 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.18 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 3.59 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.39 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 3.09 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.01 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.91 (s, 3H), 2.67 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.80-2.10 (m, 5H), 1.61 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.50 (m, 6H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

Example 279 Synthesis of Compound 330

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with 3-chloromethyl-1-methyl-pyrrolidine (330a) (52 mg, 0.39 mmol) to give compound 330b (40 mg, 53%) as a pale yellow sticky oil. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.166 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 575 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 330b (40 mg, 0.070 mmol) was then converted to compound 330 (10.0 mg, 31%) as a white solid. LC-MS:, t_(R)=1.298 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 461 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.21 (m, 2H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 3.52 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.16 (m, 2H), 3.07 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 2.68 (m, 4H), 2.35 (m, 4H), 1.75-2.10 (m, 4H), 1.50-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.25-1.50 (m, 5H), 0.85-1.05 (m, 6H), 0.87 (m, 2H), 0.69 (m, 2H).

Example 280 Synthesis of Compound 331

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (100 mg, 0.25 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 1A (166 mg, 1.02 mmol) to give compound 2 (100 mg, 70%).

Compound 2 (100 mg, 0.18 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (257.5 mg, 1.78 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (5.0 N, 2 mL) to give compound 331 (25.1 mg, 31%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.953 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 462 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.54 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.90 (m, 4H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 3H), 2.11-1.86 (m, 6H), 1.62 (m, 1H), 1.45 (m, 4H), 1.32 (m, 1H).

Example 281 Synthesis of Compound 332

To a solution of compound 331 (25 mg, 0.054 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added CuCN (10 mg, 0.108 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (6 mg, 0.005 mmol) under N₂. The reaction mixture was heated at 180° C. for 40 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The reaction mixture was added water (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL), the combined organic layers were concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by HPLC (0.1% TFA as buffer) to give compound 332 (5.7 mg, 41%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.892 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=409 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.77 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.90 (m, 4H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 3H), 2.11-1.86 (m, 6H), 1.62 (m, 1H), 1.45 (m, 4H), 1.32 (m, 1H).

Example 282 Synthesis of Compounds 333, 334, 335, 336 and 337

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (130 mg, 0.34 mmol) was alkylated with compound 333a (225.7 mg, 1.36 mmol) to give compound 333b (77 mg, 41%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.408 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=549.3 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 333b (20 mg, 0.036 mmol) was reacted with NH₄I (52.3 mg, 0.36 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 333 (2.00 mg, 12%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.162 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 448.4 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.36 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 4.21-4.10 (m, 1H), 4.01-3.91 (m, 2H), 3.81-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.18-3.12 (m, 1H), 3.09-2.97 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.20-2.01 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.80 (m, 3H), 1.70-1.51 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.30 (m, 5H), 1.30-1.20 (m, 2H), 0.95-0.82 (m, 2H), 0.82-0.62 (m, 2H).

Another portion of compound 333b (70 mg, 0.127 mmol) was reacted with NH₄I (183.3 mg, 1.27 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH and purified by preparative SFC to give compound 334 (3.20 mg, 6%) LC-MS t_(R)=1.060 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=448.2 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=6.22 min in 15 min chromatography, ee=86%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.37 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 4.21-4.11 (m, 1H), 4.11-3.92 (m, 1H), 3.81-3.71 (m, 3H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.16-3.10 (m, 1H), 3.09-3.01 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.20-1.85 (m, 6H), 1.72-1.51 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.30 (m, 5H), 1.31-1.21 (m, 1H), 0.93-0.82 (m, 2H), 0.82-0.61 (m, 2H).

& compound 335 (3.50 mg, 6%) LC-MS t_(R)=1.022 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=448.1 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=6.49 min in 15 min chromatography, ee=98%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.30 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 4.10-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.71 (m, 1H), 3.71-3.62 (m, 1H), 3.61-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.14-3.10 (m, 1H), 3.00-2.80 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 2.01-1.70 (m, 6H), 1.60-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.10 (m, 5H), 0.80-0.71 (m, 2H), 0.70-0.51 (m, 2H).

& compound 336 (2.50 mg, 4%) LC-MS t_(R)=1.053 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=448.2 [M+H]SFC: t_(R)=6.95 min in 15 min chromatography, ee=100%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.33 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 4.10-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.71-3.62 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.16-3.14 (m, 1H), 3.08-2.96 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 2.02-1.71 (m, 6H), 1.60-1.40 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.31 (m, 5H), 1.30-1.10 (m, 1H), 0.82-0.72 (m, 2H), 0.71-0.52 (m, 2H).

& compound 337 (2.80 mg, 5%) as white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.054 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=448.2 [M+H]SFC: t_(R)=7.44 min in 15 min chromatography, ee=92%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.32 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 4.10-3.91 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.60 (m, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.18-3.10 (m, 1H), 3.08-2.98 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.10-1.71 (m, 6H), 1.60-1.40 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.21 (m, 5H), 1.20-1.10 (m, 1H), 0.82-0.72 (m, 2H), 0.72-0.62 (m, 2H).

Example 283 Synthesis of Compound 338

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (40 mg, 0.10 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 1A (47 mg, 0.2 mmol) to give compound 2 (43 mg, 76%) as a white solid.

Compound 2 (43 mg, 0.08 mmol) was reacted with NH₄I (112 mg, 0.77 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (2.5 mL) to give compound 3 (13 mg, 37%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of 338

A suspension of compound 3 (13 mg, 0.03 mmol), compound 3A (6 mg, 0.04 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (2 mg) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.2 mL, 2 N in water) in 1,4-dioxane (0.72 mL) was heated under 120° C. for 15 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by acid preparative HPLC to give compound 338 (3.0 mg, 22%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.841 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 477.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.71 (s, 1H), 8.49 (s, 1H), 7.95 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (m, 1H), 7.64 (m, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.31 (m, 2H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.25 (m, 3H), 2.14 (m, 3H), 1.47 (m, 5H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −73.34, −77.21, −128.26.

Example 284 Synthesis of Compound

A suspension of compound 3 described in Example 283 (30 mg, 0.07 mmol), compound 339A (15 mg, 0.10 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.5 mL, 2 N in water) in 1,4-dioxane (1.7 mL) was heated under 120° C. for 15 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by acid preparative HPLC to give compound 339 (7.4 mg, 23%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=2.686 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 484.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.09 (s, 1H), 8.91 (s, 1H), 8.47 (s, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (m, 1H), 4.54 (m, 1H), 3.38 (m, 3H), 3.33 (m, 3H), 2.07 (m, 3H), 1.48 (m, 5H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −77.14, −71.99.

Example 285 Synthesis of Compound 340

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 340a

A mixture of compound 3 described in Example 283 (15 mg, 0.033 mmol, crude), Boc₂O (14 mg, 0.066 mmol) and DMAP (0.008 g, 0.066 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The solvent was removed by evaporation to yield the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1 to afford compound 340a (17 mg, 71%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.609 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 504, 506 [M-56]⁺

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 340

A sealed tube was charged with compound 340a (17 mg, 0.03 mmol), CuCN (30 mg, 0.33 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (2 mg, 0.0017 mmol) and DMF (1 mL) in turn under nitrogen. The tube was heated at 180° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 1.5 h. Ethyl acetate (10 mL) and methanol (1 mL) were added with stirring, and the resulting precipitate was filtered off and washed with ethyl acetate (10 mL). The filtrate and washings were combined and washed with brine (10 mL×2), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give pure compound 340 (6.2 mg, 51%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.527 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 407, [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.66 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=7.6, Hz, 2H), 7.32 (s, 1H), 4.37 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.32 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.22 (m, 3H), 1.99 (m, 2H), 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.65 (m, 1H), 1.45 (m, 1H), 1.35 (m, 3H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz) δ −71.96

Example 286 Synthesis of Compound 341

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 341b

To a solution of compound 341a (80 mg, 0.21 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (2 mL) was added Lawesson's Reagent (84.8 mg, 0.21 mmol) under N₂, the mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 3 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc=3:1 to afford compound 341b (50 mg, 60%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.258 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=387.2 (M+H)³⁰.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 341c

To a solution of compound 341b (20 mg, 0.05 mmol) in CH₃CN (2 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (27.6 mg, 0.20 mmol). After stirring for 5 min, compound 341b (48 mg, 0.20 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 4 h. The precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting

with hexane:EtOAc=3:1 to give compound 341c (20 mg, 70%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.622 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=551.2 (M+H)³⁰.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 341

A solution of compound 341c (20 mg, 0.036 mmol), NH₄I (50 mg, 0.36 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 3 h. After being cooled, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with dichloromethane:methanol=10:1 and preparative HPLC to give compound 341 (2.0 mg, 20%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.968 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=452.2 (M+H)³⁰. ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.20 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 4.36 (m, 2H), 3.77 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.27-3.17 (m, 1H), 3.05-2.97 (s, 2H), 2.10-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.57 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.44 (m, 2H), 1.34-1.20 (m, 3H), 0.7-0.50 (m, 2H), 0.40-0.20 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD): δ: −66.52

Example 287 Synthesis of Compound 342

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (40 mg, 0.10 mmol) was dialkylated with (S)-(1-chloroethyl)benzene (342a) to give compound 342b (15 mg, 24%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.812 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=589.3 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 342b (15 mg, 0.025 mmol) was then converted to compound 342 (2.00 mg, 16%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.988 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=468.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.48-6.95 (m, 8H), 5.38-5.32 (m, 1H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.09-3.01 (m, 1H), 3.00-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.88-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.60-1.20 (m, 5H), 1.20-0.9 (m, 3H), 0.90-0.80 (m, 2H), 0.7-0.6 (m, 2H).

Example 288 Synthesis of Compound 343

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 20

To a solution of 3-dimethylamino-propan-1-ol (1.0 g, 9.7 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added SOCl₂ (1.26 g, 10.6 mmol) at 0° C. under N₂. After addition, the mixture was warmed to room temperature and was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give compound 343a (0.94 g, 80%) as a white solid, which was used for the next step without further purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ 3.84-3.5 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H), 3.40-3.10 (m, 2H), 3.0-2.60 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 6H), 2.50-2.20 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 343

According to a similar synthesis of compound 317, compound 1 (30 mg, 0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 343a (38 mg, 0.32 mmol) to give compound 343b (0.021 g, 50%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.782 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=551.4 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 343b (20 mg, 0.036 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (52.1 mg, 0.36 mmol) and NH₃-EtOH (2 mL) to give compound 343 (2.50 mg, 15%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.863 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=449.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.27 (s, 2H), 6.90-6.80 (s, 1H), 3.50-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.16 (m, 2H), 3.09-2.91 (d, 15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.60-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.30 (s, 3H), 2.30-2.20 (s, 3H), 2.00-1.85 (m, 3H), 1.85-1.75 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.30 (m, 4H), 1.30-1.20 (m, 2H), 0.85-0.75 (m, 2H), 0.65-0.55 (m, 2H).

Example I-6 Synthesis of Thiohydantoin Intermediate

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

A flask equipped with a condenser and a nitrogen balloon was charged with compound 1 (7.5 g, 24.3 mmol), Et₂NH (20 mL), Et₃N (100 mL), Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (1.0 g, 1.5 mmol), CuI (0.29 g, 1.5 mmol) and Ethynyl cyclopropane (15 mL) in turn under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. overnight. After cooling down, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was added ethyl acetate (150 mL), and then the mixture was filtered through a pad of silica gel and washed with ethyl acetate (50 mL×2). The combined organic filtrates were washed with brine (100 mL×2), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (100:1 to 10:1) to give compound 2 (5.0 g, 70%) as a red-brown solid. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.25 (m, 1H), 3.00 (s, 2H), 2.15 (m, 2H), 1.85 (m, 2H), 1.35-1.55 (m, 5H), 0.75-0.95 (m, 4H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A mixture of compound 2 (4.0 g, 13.6 mmol), Pd/C (1.0 g), ethyl acetate (200 mL) and MeOH (20 mL) was stirred at temperature under 1 atm hydrogen atmosphere for 24 h. The precipitate was filtered off and washed with ethyl acetate (100 mL×2). The filtrate was concentrated by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 3 (2.4 g, 59%) as a pale yellow oil. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.371 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=299 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.27 (m, 1H), 2.95 (s, 2H), 2.72 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.15 (m, 2H), 1.75 (m, 2H), 1.25-1.55 (m, 6H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 3 (2.1 g, 7.0 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (4.0 g, 41.7 mmol), formamide (60 mL) and KCN (1.2 g, 18.5 mmol), carefully. The mixture was heated at 120-130° C. for 72 h. After cooling down, the reaction mixture was poured into ice-water (300 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (contained 20% iso-propanol) (200 mL×3), and the combined organic layers were washed with brine (200 mL x 3). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude compound as a yellow oil, which was purified by preparative HPLC to give pure compound 4 (1.1 g, 42%) as a pale yellow oil. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.747 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=369 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.45, (s, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 6.10 (s, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.10 (m, 2H), 2.90 (d, J=15.2, 1H), 2.60 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.40-1.50 (m, 4H), 1.30-1.40 (m, 3H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

A flask equipped with a condenser and a nitrogen balloon was charged with a mixture of compound 4 (1.1 g, 2.98 mmol), Lawesson's reagent (1.3 g, 3.21 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (15 mL) under nitrogen. The mixture was heated at 130° C. for 2 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (50:1 to 5:1) to give compound 5 (1.0 g, 91%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.037 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=385 [M+H]⁺.

Example 289 Synthesis of Compound 344

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 344a

A sealed tube was charged with a mixture of compound 5 described in Example I-6 (30 mg, 0.078 mmol), DMF (2 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (0.10 g, 0.31 mmol) and 1-bromo-2-methyl-propane (50 mg, 0.36 mmol). The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 2.5 h. After cooling down, H₂O (30 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (10 mL×2). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL×2). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (4:1) to give compound 344b (28 mg, 72%) as a pale yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.695 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=497 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 344

A sealed tube was charged with a mixture of compound 344b (28 mg, 0.056 mmol), NH₄I (100 mg, 0.69 mmol) and NH₃-EtOH (1 mL). The mixture was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 2 h. After cooling down, Ethyl acetate (30 mL) was added and the mixture was washed brine (10 mL×2), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 344 (10.2 mg, 42%) as a white solid; LC-MS: t_(R)=4.207 min in 7 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=424 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 300 MHz): δ 7.19 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.10 (m, 2H), 3.02 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.67 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.75-2.20 (m, 5H), 1.50-1.70 (m, 2H), 1.25-1.50 (m, 6H), 0.85-1.05 (m, 6H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

Example 290 Synthesis of Compound 345

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 describe in Example I-6 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 345A (109 mg, 0.52 mmol) to give compound 345a (29 mg, 41%) as a white solid.

Compound 345a (29 mg, 0.053 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (77 mg, 0.53 mmol) in saturated NH₃/EtOH (2 mL) to give compound 345 (3.20 mg, 13%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.095 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 450.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.18-7.20 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.09-7.11 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 4.28-4.35 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.09-3.15 (m, 1H), 3.04-3.05 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 2.64-2.68 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.95-2.02 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.59 (t, J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 1.35-1.47 (m, 4H), 1.28-1.31 (d, 2H), 0.64-0.68 (m, 1H), 0.38-0.41 (m, 2H), 0.02 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F): δ −71.87.

Example 291 Synthesis of Compound 346

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 346b

To a solution of compound 346a (300 mg, 2.65 mmol) in MeOH (30 mL) was added NaBH₄ (0.2 g, 5.26 mmol) at 0° C. After addition, the mixture was warmed to room temperature and was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction was quenched with H₂O (10 mL) and the solvent was removed in vacuo. The residue was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 346b (200 mg, 66%) as a yellow solid which was used in the next step without further purification. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆ 300 MHz): δ 7.81 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=3.0 Hz, 1H), 4.82-4.80 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 346c

To a solution of compound 346b (70 mg, 0.60 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) was added SOCl₂ (79.6 mg, 0.66 mmol) at 0° C., After addition, the mixture was warmed to room temperature and was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched with aqueous NaHCO₃ (5 mL) and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 346c (56.9 mg, 70%) as a yellow oil which was used in the next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 346

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (20 mg, 0.05 mmol) was alkylated with compound 346c (27.6 mg, 0.20 mmol) to give compound 346d (20 mg, 66%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.555 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=579.2 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 346d (20 mg, 0.034 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (49.6 mg, 0.34 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 346 (3.00 mg, 19%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.204 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=465.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.77 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 5.27 (s, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.24-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.11-3.04 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 2H), 2.72 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.10-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.54-1.41 (m, 5H), 1.45-1.27 (m, 2H), 0.69-0.64 (m, 1H), 0.40-0.37 (m, 2H), 0.11-0.05 (m, 2H).

Example 292 Synthesis of Compound 347

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was alkylated with compound 347A (77 mg, 0.52 mmol) to afford the crude product 347a (40 mg, 80%), which was used directly for the next step without further purification.

Compound 347a (40 mg, 0.076 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (111 mg, 0.76 mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (5 mL, 5 N) to give compound 347 (21 mg, 38%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.146 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 436.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 11.4 (m, 1H), 10.89 (s, 1H), 8.52 (s, 1H), 7.21 (dd, J=26, 18.4 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 3.72 (m, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.1 (m, 3H), 2.66 (m, 3H), 2.04 (m, 1H), 1.90 (m, 6H), 1.49 (m, 7H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.39 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

Example 293 Synthesis of Compound 348

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg, 0.078 mmol) was alkylated with compound 348A (32 mg, 0.20 mmol) to give compound 348a (22 mg, 51%).

Compound 348a (22 mg, 0.040 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (58 mg, 0.40 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2.5 mL) to give compound 348 (2.2 mg, 12%). LC-MS: t_(R)=1.110 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=452.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.15 (m, 1H), 7.05 (m, 1H), 6.75 (m, 1H), 4.05 (m, 1H), 3.83 (m, 1H), 3.60 (m, 1H), 3.59 (m, 2H), 3.28 (m, 3H), 3.10 (m, 1H), 3.02 (m, 2H), 2.63 (m, 2H), 1.87 (m, 6H), 1.41 (m, 8H), 0.60 (m, 1H), 0.36 (m, 2H), 0.049 (m, 2H).

Example 294 Synthesis of Compound 349

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg, 0.078 mmol) was alkylated with compound 349A (32 mg, 0.20 mmol) to give compound 349a (44 mg, 44%) as a white solid.

Compound 349a (44 mg, 0.080 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (116 mg, 0.80 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2.5 mL) to give compound 349 (11.8 mg, 33%). LC-MS: t_(R)=1.195 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=452.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.28 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 3.59 (m, 2H), 3.31 (m, 3H), 3.12 (m, 3H), 2.69 (m, 2H), 2.02 (m, 2H), 1.98 (m, 1H), 1.74 (m, 1H), 1.41 (m, 11H), 0.93 (m, 6H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

Example 295 Synthesis of Compounds 350 and 351

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (3.68 g, 0.04 mol) in CH₂Cl₂ (40 mL) was added phosphorus tribromide (5.4 g, 1.9 mL, 0.02 mol). The mixture was heated to reflux for 18 h. The mixture was quenched with 5% aqueous NaHCO₃, and was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×40 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×40 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated under reduced pressure to give compound 2 (3.1 g, 51%) as a yellow oil, which was used for the next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 350 and 351

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (100 mg, 0.26 mmol) was alkylated with compound 2 (159 mg, 1.04 mmol) in the presence of Cs₂CO₃ (339 mg, 1.04 mmol) to give compound 4 (73 mg, 53%).

Compound 4 (79 mg, 0.15 mmol) was then reacted with NH₄I (217 mg, 1.5 mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (2 mL) to give compound 350 (2.8 mg, 5%) LC-MS t_(R)=1.052 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 440.2 [M+H]⁺, ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.18-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.98-7.02 (d, J=7.6, Hz, 1H), 4.15 (s, 1H), 3.61 (s, 1H), 3.49-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.43 (m, 6H), 3.01-3.12 (m, 4H), 2.68-2.72 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 2.00-2.08 (m, 3H), 1.32-1.48 (m, 10H), 0.67 (m, 1H), 0.38-0.40 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 0.01 (s, 2H).

and compound 351 (7.8 mg, 15%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.096 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 440.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.20-7.28 (dd, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.91-7.00 (d, J=38.4 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.87 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.31 (m, 6H), 3.01-3.18 (m, 3H), 2.69-2.72 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.00-2.09 (m, 3H), 1.36-1.51 (m, 10H), 0.65-0.70 (m, 1H), 0.38-0.42 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

Example 296 Synthesis of Compound 352

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg, 0.078 mmol) was alkylated with compound 352a (38.9 mg, 0.156 mmol) to give compound 352b (30 mg, 53%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.165 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=415.1[M+H]⁺.

Compound 352b (30 mg, 0.041 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (59 mg, 0.41 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 352 (11.0 mg, 57%) as a white solid. LCMS t_(R)=1.196 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=536.2 (M+H)³⁰. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.99-7.97 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.56-7.54 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.30-7.26 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.20 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (m, 1H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.00 (m, 6H), 2.71-2.69 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.10-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.20 (m, 7H), 0.71-0.60 (m, 1H), 0.40-0.30 (m, 2H), 0.10-0.01 (m, 2H).

Example 297 Synthesis of Compound 353

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 353A (98 mg, 0.52 mmol) to give compound 353a (45 mg, 56%) as a white solid.

Compound 353a (45 mg, 0.075 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (109 mg, 0.75 mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 353 (9.2 mg, 26%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.152 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 476.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.39-7.44 (dd, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.28 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.22 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.04-7.14 (m, 3H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 5.00 (s, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.11-3.14 (m, 3H), 2.68-2.72 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.01 (s, 2H), 1.81-1.83 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 1.41-1.49 (m, 5H), 1.27-1.35 (m, 2H), 0.60-0.68 (m, 1H), 0.37-0.40 (m, 2H), 0.03 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ −113.92

Example 298 Synthesis of Compound 354

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 354A (98 mg, 0.52 mmol) to give compound 354a (45 mg, 58%) as a white solid.

Compound 354a (45 mg, 0.075 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (109 mg, 0.75 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (2 mL, saturated) to give compound 354 (5.00 mg, 14%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.127 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 476.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.40-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.32-7.38 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.26 (m, 4H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 5.04 (s, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.17 (m, 3H), 2.69-2.73 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.94-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.53 (m, 5H), 1.23-1.35 (m, 2H), 0.63-0.69 (m, 1H), 0.36-0.43 (m, 2H), 0.02 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −118.84

Example 299 Synthesis of Compound 355

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 355A (95 mg, 0.52 mmol) to give compound 355a (45 mg, 56%) as a white solid.

Compound 355a (45 mg, 0.07 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (107 mg, 0.7 mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 355 (2.7 mg, 8%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.120 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 483.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.73-7.75 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.57-7.73 (m, 3H), 7.26-7.28 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.23 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.28-6.99 (s, 1H), 4.99 (s, 2H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.19 (m, 3H), 2.69-2.72 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.99 (s, 2H), 1.77-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.41-1.48 (m, 4H), 1.28-1.35 (m, 3H), 0.62-0.67 (m, 1H), 0.36-0.39 (m, 2H), −0.01-0.00 (m, 2H).

Example 300 Synthesis of Compound 356

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with 1-bromomethyl-3-methoxy-benzene (65 mg, 0.326 mmol) to give compound 356a (30 mg, 38%) as a white solid.

Compound 356a (30 mg, 0.049 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (77 mg, 0.492 mmol) and NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 356 (8.0 mg, 33%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.257 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 488 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.21 (m, 2H), 7.10 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (m, 4H), 4.60-4.70 (m, 2H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.31 (m, 3H), 3.00-3.15 (m, 3H), 1.81-2.02 (m, 3H), 1.58 (m, 1H), 1.22-1.48 (m, 6H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.38 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 0.01 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 2H).

Example 301 Synthesis of Compound 357

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with 2-(bromomethyl)-5-fluoropyridine to give compound 357a (20 mg, 0.033 mmol), which was heated with NH₄I (47.6 mg, 0.33 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 357 (9.10 mg, 57%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=2.128 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=477.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.41-8.40 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.55 (td, J=2.8, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.30 (dd, J=4.4, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.10 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.10-7.01 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.90-6.80 (m, 1H), 4.70 (s, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.2-3.10 (m, 1H), 3.09-3.05 (d, J=15.8 Hz, 1H), 3.05-2.95 (d, J=15.8 Hz, 1H), 2.69-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.90-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.51 (m, 1H), 1.51-1.21 (m, 6H), 0.70-0.60 (m, 1H), 0.50-0.30 (m, 2H), 0.10-0.01 (m, 2H).

Example 302 Synthesis of Compound 358

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg, 0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with bromomethylbenzene (50 mg, 0.29 mmol) to give compound 358b (34 mg, 77%) as a pale yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.500 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 565 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 358b (34 mg, 0.060 mmol) was heated with NH₄I (100 mg, 0.69 mmol) and NH₃-EtOH (1 mL) to give compound 358 (14.4 mg, 59%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=4.202 min in 7 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 458 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.29 (m, 5H), 7.18 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 7.10 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 4.76 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.69 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.13 (m, 2H), 3.13 (d, J=14.4 Hz, 1H), 2.67 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 1.96 (m, 2H), 1.83 (m, 1H), 1.64 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.50 (m, 4H), 1.38 (m, 2H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

Example 303 Synthesis of Compound 359

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was alkylated with 1-bromomethyl-4-fluoro-benzene (55 mg, 0.3 mmol) to give compound 359a (54 mg, 80%) as a white solid.

Compound 359a (50 mg, 0.08 mmol) was heated with NH₄I (60 mg, 0.4 mmol) in a solution of NH₃-EtOH (3 mL, 5 N) to give compound 359 (17 mg, 45%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.92 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 476.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.30-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.25 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.15-7.20 (d, 1H, J=8.4 Hz), 7.00-7.10 (m, 2H), 6.80-6.85 (s, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.20 (m, 3H), 2.60-2.70 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.50 (m, 5H), 1.20-1.30 (m, 2H), 0.60-0.70 (m, 1H), 0.35-0.45 (m, 2H), 0.05-0.10 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −115.20.

Example 304 Synthesis of Compounds 360 and 361

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 360a

To a solution of 1-phenyl-ethanol (100 mg, 0.81 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) was added SOCl₂ (107 mg, 0.90 mmol) at 0° C. under N₂, the mixture was stirred at room temperature on night. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give compound 360a (90 mg, 80%) as a yellow oil which was used in the next step without further purification. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆ 400 MHz): δ 7.41-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.31-7.29 (m, 3H), 5.28-5.26 (m, 1H), 1.72-1.71 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H)

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 360 and 361

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg, 0.077 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 360a (21.9 mg, 0.15 mmol) to give compound 360b (20 mg, 43%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.678 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=593.3 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 360b (20 mg, 0.033 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (48.4 mg, 0.33 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 3 h. After being cooled, the mixture was concentrated under vacuum and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (dichloromethane:methanol=10:1) and preparative HPLC to give compound 360 (3.00 mg, 19%), LC-MS: t_(R)=2.091 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=472.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.47-7.45 (m, 3H), 7.44-7.28 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.28-7.19 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.19-7.7.10 (dd, J=1.2, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 5.59-5.57 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.31-3.14 (m, 1H), 3.08-3.03 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.62 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.99 (m, 2H), 1.90-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.67 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.56-1.10 (m, 7H), 0.70-0.60 (m, 1H), 0.40-0.30 (m, 2H), 0.10-0.05 (m, 2H).

& compound 361 (1.80 mg, 11%) as white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.330 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=472.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.38-7.33 (m, 5H), 7.30-7.20 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.10 (dd, J=1.2, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (s, 1H), 5.50-5.40 (q, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.31-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.18-3.10 (d, J=17.2 Hz, 0.2H), 3.10-3.00 (d, J=17.2 Hz, 0.2H), 2.71-2.67 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.20-2.10 (m, 1H), 2.10-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.95-1.90 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.58-1.30 (m, 7H), 0.71-0.61 (m, 1H), 0.50-0.30 (m, 2H), 0.10-0.03 (m, 2H).

Example 305 Synthesis of Compound 362

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 362b

Synthesized by a route analogously to compound 360a described in Example 304, reaction of compound 362a (100 mg, 0.81 mmol) with SOCl₂ gave compound 362b (90 mg, 80%) as a yellow oil which was used in the next step without further purification. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆ 400 MHz): δ 7.41-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.31-7.23 (m, 3H), 5.34-5.20 (m, 1H), 1.72-1.71 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 362c

Synthesized by a route analogously to compound 360b described in Example 304, reaction compound 5 (50 mg, 0.14 mmol) and compound 362b gave compound 362c (35 mg, 54%) as a white solid after purification by preparative TLC on silica gel eluted with hexane:

EtOAc=3:1 to give. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.515 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=473.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 362d

To a solution of compound 362c (35 mg, 0.077 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (2 mL) was added Lawesson's Reagent (32.9 mg, 0.081 mmol) under N₂, the mixture was stirred at 130° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 40 min. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc=3:1 to give compound 362d (15 mg, 41%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.628 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=489.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 362

To a solution of compound 362d (15 mg, 0.03 mmol) in EtOH (10 mL) was added t-BuOOH (1.0 mL) and NH₃.H₂O (3.0 mL), the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, LCMS analysis showed the complete consumption of compound 362d, the mixture was concentrated in vacuum, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with dichloromethane:methanol=10:1 and by prep-HPLC to give compound 362 (1.80 mg, 12.5%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.017 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=472.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.48-7.24 (m, 5H), 7.25-7.11 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.11-7.06 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.84-6.62 (s, 1H), 5.46-5.34 (m, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.21-3.14 (m, 1H), 3.10-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.66-2.62 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.08-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.99-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.76 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.56-1.20 (m, 7H), 0.68-0.61 (m, 1H), 0.41-0.30 (m, 2H), 0.10-0.03 (m, 2H).

Example 306 Synthesis of Compound 363

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with 2-bromoethyl-benzene (363a) (0.10 g, 0.54 mmol) to give compound 363b (56 mg, 72%) as a pale yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.649 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=593 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 363b (56 mg, 0.084 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (100 mg, 0.69 mmol) and NH₃-EtOH (1 mL) to give compound 363 (15.2 mg, 38%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.887 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=472, [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.25 (m, 4H), 7.20 (m, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 3.70-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.03 (m, 1H), 2.95 (m, 4H), 2.66 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 1.90 (m, 2H), 1.58 (m, 2H), 1.45 (m, 2H), 1.30 (m, 2H), 1.20 (m, 1H), 1.05 (m, 1H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

Example 307 Synthesis of Compound 364

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 1A (66 mg, 0.33 mmol) to give the crude compound 2 (56 mg, 68%), which was used for the next step directly.

Compound 2 (56 mg, 0.089 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (128.5 mg, 0.89 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2.5 mL) to give compound 364 (2 mg, 5%). LC-MS: t_(R)=1.295 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=492.4 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.49 (m, 1H), 7.36 (m, 2H), 7.33 (m, 1H), 7.26 (m, 2H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 5.00 (s, 2H), 3.31 (m, 3H), 3.30 (m, 1H), 3.05 (m, 2H), 2.73 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.01 (m, 2H), 1.75 (m, 1H), 1.51 (m, 1H), 1.48 (m, 4H), 1.35 (m, 1H), 0.66 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

Example 308 Synthesis of Compound 365

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5A

To a solution of compound 9 (100 mg, 0.56 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) was added Et₃N (114 mg, 1.12 mmol) and MsCl (71 mg, 0.61 mmol) under nitrogen, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. The reaction was quenched with H₂O (10 mL) and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 5A (86 mg, 60%) as yellow oil, which was used in the next step without further purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.90 (s, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.26 (s, 2H), 3.10 (s, 3H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 365

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg, 0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 5A (39.8 mg, 0.156 mmol) to afford compound 6 (30 mg, 55%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.561 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=703.2 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 6 (30 mg, 0.042 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (61.3 mg, 0.42 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 365 (4.90 mg, 26%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.149 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=527.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.80 (s, 1H), 8.08 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 4.91 (s, 2H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.21-3.15 (m, 1H), 3.15-2.91 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.76 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.17-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.94-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.62 (m, 1H), 1.51-1.30 (m, 5H), 1.30-1.27 (m, 1H), 0.71-0.69 (m, 1H), 0.43-0.35 (m, 2H), 0.1-0.05 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ −63.844.

Example 309 Synthesis of Compound 366

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (45 mg, 0.12 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 1A (84 mg, 0.35 mmol) in the presence of Cs₂CO₃ (191 mg, 0.59 mmol) to give compound 2 (41 mg, 60%).

Compound 2 (41 mg, 0.070 mmol) was then heated NH₄I (101 mg, 0.70 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2.5 mL) to give compound 366 (2.4 mg, 8%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.137 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=412.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.29 (m, 1H), 7.20 (m, 1H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 3.82 (m, 2H), 3.70 (m, 2H), 3.30 (m, 3H), 3.10 (m, 3H), 2.60 (m, 2H), 2.05 (m, 2H), 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.45 (m, 5H), 1.32 (m, 1H), 0.69 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

Example 310 Synthesis of Compound 367

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 1A (134 mg, 0.52 mmol) at the presence of Cs₂CO₃ (170 mg, 0.52 mmol) to give compound 2 (45 mg, 56%) as a white solid.

Compound 2 (49 mg, 0.086 mmol) was heated with NH₄I (125 mg, 0.86 mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 367 (3.4 mg, 12%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.085 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 459.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.51-8.52 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.79-7.83 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.11-7.42 (m, 5H), 4.97-5.06 (m, 2H), 3.24-325 (m, 3H), 3.03-3.24 (m, 3H), 2.70-2.74 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.02-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.82 (m, 1H), 1.28-1.52 (m, 7H), 0.65-0.69 (m, 1H), 0.37-0.39 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

Example 311 Synthesis of Compound 368

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 368b

To a solution of (3-dimethylamino-phenyl)-methanol (0.20 g, 1.32 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) was added SOCl₂ (0.3 mL) via a syringe slowly with stirring. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the crude compound 368b (0.31 g, 100% crude) as a red solid, which was used directly in next step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 368

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg, 0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 368b (60 mg, 0.29 mmol) to give compound 368c (13 mg, 26%) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.323 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 651 [M+H]⁺. Compound 386c (13 mg, 0.060 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (100 mg, 0.69 mmol) and NH₃-EtOH (2 mL) to give compound 386 (5.4 mg, 54%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.622 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 501 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.21 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 6.71 (d, J=11.2 Hz, 2H), 6.64 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.13 (m, 2H), 3.04 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.91 (s, 3H), 2.67 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.85-2.05 (m, 3H), 1.61 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.50 (m, 4H), 1.25-1.35 (m, 2H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

Example 312 Synthesis of Compound 369

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (45 mg, 0.12 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 1A (40 mg, 0.29 mmol) to give compound 2 (28 mg, 47%), which was heated with NH₄I (80.8 mg, 0.56 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (5.0 N, 3 mL) to give compound 369 (10 mg, 42%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.053 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=426 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.25 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 3.91 (m, 2H), 3.55 (m, 2H), 3.34 (s, 6H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 3.10 (m, 2H), 2.70 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.01 (m, 2H), 1.87 (m, 1H), 1.46 (m, 7H), 0.66 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

Example 313 Synthesis of Compound 370

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg, 0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 1A (17.0 mg, 0.166 mmol) to give compound 2 (31 mg, 72%), which was heated with NH₄I (81.4 mg, 0.56 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (5.0 N, 3 mL) to give compound 370 (5.7 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.077 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=452 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.25 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 3.89 (m, 2H), 3.72 (m, 4H), 3.45 (m, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.12 (m, 3H), 2.01 (m, 3H), 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.64 (m, 1H), 1.45 (m, 6H), 1.30 (m, 1H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.38 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

Example 314 Synthesis of Compound 371

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg, 0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with 3-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoro-propane (50 mg, 0.28 mmol) to give compound 371b (36 mg, 80%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.581 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=424 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 371b (36 mg, 0.062 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (100 mg, 0.69 mmol) and NH₃-EtOH (2 mL) to give compound 371 (7.7 mg, 27%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.658 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=464 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.19 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 3.83 (m, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 1H), 3.05 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 3.02 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.68 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.56 (m, 2H), 1.75-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.50-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.50 (m, 6H), 0.85-1.05 (m, 6H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −66.676

Example 315 Synthesis of Compound 372

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 372b

To a solution of 4-bromomethyl-piperidine hydrochloride salt (0.10 g, 0.47 mmol) anhydrous dichloromethane (10 mL) were added acetyl chloride (75 mg, 0.94 mmol) and triethyl-amine (0.10 g, 0.99 mmol) in turn. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched by adding brine (10 mL) with stirring. The mixture was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (10 mL×2). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL×2). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 372b (0.12 g, crude) as a red oil, which was used directly in next step without purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 4.68 (m, 1H), 3.78 (m, 1H), 3.24 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 2H), 2.96 (m, 1H), 2.62 (m, 1H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.87 (m, 2H), 1.16 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 372

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg, 0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 372b (60 mg, 0.078 mmol) to give compound 372c (44 mg, 85%) as a yellow oil. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.944 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=663 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 372c (40 mg, 0.060 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (100 mg, 0.69 mmol) and NH₃-EtOH (2 mL) to give compound 372 (9.0 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.557 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=507 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.18 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 4.46 (m, 1H), 3.83 (m, 1H), 3.42 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.13 (m, 1H), 3.09 (m, 2H), 3.01 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 3.02 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.67 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.56 (m, 1H), 2.05 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 1.85-2.05 (m, 3H), 1.50-1.80 (m, 3H), 1.25-1.50 (m, 6H), 1.00-1.25 (m, 2H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

Example 316 Synthesis of Compound 373

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 373a

Synthesized by a route analogously to compound 372b, reaction of 4-bromomethyl-piperidine hydrochloride salt with MsCl gave crude compound 373a (0.11 g, crude) as a pale yellow oil, which was used directly in next step without purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃, 400 MHz): δ 3.80 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 2H), 3.26 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.72 (s, 3H), 2.63 (m, 2H), 1.92 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 2H), 1.74 (m, 1H), 1.16 (dt, J=4.0, 12.4 Hz, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 373

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg, 0.078 mmol) was alkylated with compound compound 373a to give compound 373b (47 mg, 82%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.082 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=735 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 373b (40 mg, 0.054 mmol) was then converted to compound 373 (10.7 mg, 36%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.610 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=543 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.18 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 3.71 (m, 2H), 3.44 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.13 (m, 1H), 3.09 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.02 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 3.02 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.81 (s, 3H), 2.73 (m, 1H), 2.67 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.85-2.05 (m, 4H), 1.50-1.80 (m, 3H), 1.20-1.50 (m, 8H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

Example 317 Synthesis of Compound 374

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with 2-bromo-1,1-difluoro-ethane (9) (33 mg, 0.3 mmol) to give compound 10 (24 mg, yield 40%) as a white solid.

Compound 10 (20 mg, 0.04 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (60 mg, 0.4 mmol) in a solution of NH₃-EtOH (3 mL, 5 N) to give compound 374 (5 mg, 25%) as a white solid. LCMS:

t_(R)=1.58 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=432.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.00-7.20 (m, 2H), 6.75-6.85 (s, 1H), 5.80-6.30 (m, 1H), 3.85-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.20 (m, 3H), 2.60-2.70 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.30-1.70 (m, 7H), 0.60-0.70 (m, 1H), 0.35-0.45 (m, 2H), 0.05-0.10 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −124.396

Example 318 Synthesis of Compound 375

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 27

To a solution of compound 375a (100 mg, 0.86 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) was added Et₃N (175.4 mg, 1.73 mmol) and MsCl (109.3 mg, 0.95 mmol) under nitrogen, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 h. The reaction was quenched with H₂O (10 mL) and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 375b (72.8 mg, 75%) as a yellow oil which was used in the next step without further purification. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.79-8.78 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.34 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.73 (s, 2H), 3.65 (s, 3H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 375

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg, 0.077 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 27 (28.9 mg, 0.156 mmol) to afford compound 375c (30 mg, 55%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.626 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=579.3 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 375c (20 mg, 0.034 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (49.6 mg, 0.34 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 375 (8.10 mg, 51%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.075 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=465.2 (M+H)³⁰. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.98-8.97 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.54-7.52 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.19 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.19-7.15 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.10-7.04 (s, 1H), 5.10-5.01 (s, 2H) 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.10 (m, 2H), 3.10-3.05 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 2H), 2.70-2.66 (t, J=15.2 Hz, 2H), 2.10-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.35 (m, 5H), 1.35-1.20 (m, 2H), 0.67-0.64 (m, 1H), 0.41-0.38 (m, 2H), 0.10-0.07 (m, 2H).

Example 319 Synthesis of Compound 376

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 1A (77 mg, 0.52 mmol) to afford the crude product 2 (45 mg, 80%), which was heated NH₄I (98 mg, 0.68 mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (5 mL, 5 N) to give compound 376 (15 mg, 42%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.057 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 466.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.13 (dd, J=32.8, 7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 3.95 (t, J=11.2 Hz, 2H), 3.4 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.44 (s, 1H), 3.35 (m, 3H), 3.15 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 3.0 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.6 (t, J=15.6 Hz, 2H), 2.0 (m, 5H), 1.6 (m, 2H), 1.4 (m, 8H), 0.6 (m, 1H), 0.39 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 0.68 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 2H).

Example 320 Synthesis of Compound 377

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of compound 7A (200 mg, 2.27 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added MsCl (286 mg, 2.50 mmol) and Et₃N (689 mg, 6.81 mmol) at 0° C., the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. Then H₂O (20 mL) was added and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×20 mL), the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 7 (160 mg, 42%) as a yellow oil, which was used for the next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 377

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg, 0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 7 (38.9 mg, 0.234 mmol) to give compound 8 (16 mg, 39%) as a white solid.

Compound 8 (20 mg, 0.038 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (44.2 mg, 0.305 mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (2 mL, 0.5 N) to give compound 377 (4.3 mg, 26%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.920 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 438 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD variant 400 MHz): δ 7.21 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.11 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 6.84 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 1H), 5.01 (s, 1H), 4.67 (m, 1H), 4.54 (m, 1H), 3.76 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.12 (m, 3H), 2.69 (m, 3H), 2.52 (m, 1H), 2.00 (m, 3H), 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.40 (m, 6H), 0.71 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

Example 321 Synthesis of Compound 378

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 15B

Compound 15A (6 g, 60.5 mmol) and (HCHO)_(n) (2.76 g, 30.25 mmol) were heated together in a sealed tube at 165° C. for 3 h. After cooling, the reaction mixture was removed carefully and purified by column chromatography (CH₂Cl₂:EtOAc=1:1) to give compound 15B (1.6 g, 20%) as a yellow oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 15

To a solution of compound 15B (200 mg, 1.55 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was added MsCl (195 mg, 1.70 mmol) and Et₃N (470 mg, 4.65 mmol) at 0° C., the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. Then H₂O (20 mL) was added and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×20 mL), the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 15 (150 mg, 47%) as a yellow oil, which was used for the next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 378

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg, 0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 15 (48.5 mg, 0.234 mmol) to give compound 16 (40 mg, 85%) as a white solid.

Compound 16 (45 mg, 0.074 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (86 mg, 0.593 mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 378 (2.5 mg, 7%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.081 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 479 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.68 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (m, 2H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 4.15 (m, 2H), 3.42 (m, 2H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.00 (m, 1H), 2.97 (m, 2H), 2.69 (m, 2H), 1.97 (m, 2H), 1.63 (m, 1H), 1.47 (m, 5H), 1.31 (m, 2H), 0.69 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

Example 323 Synthesis of Compounds 379 and 380

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of compound 7A (200 mg, 2.27 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added MsCl (286 mg, 2.50 mmol) and Et₃N (689 mg, 6.81 mmol) at 0° C., the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. Then H₂O (20 mL) was added and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×20 mL), the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 7 as a yellow oil (160 mg, 42%), which was used for the next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 379 and 380

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg, 0.078 mmol) was dialkylated with compound 7 (38.9 mg, 0.234 mmol) to give compound 8 (16 mg, 39%) as a white solid.

Compound 8 (20 mg, 0.038 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (44.2 mg, 0.305 mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (2 mL, 0.5 N) and purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and HPLC and SFC to give compound 379 (3.0 mg, 37%), SFC: t_(R)=6.15 min in 16 min chromatography, ee=98%, LC-MS t_(R)=1.025 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 438 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.22 (m, 2H), 7.06 (m, 1H), 4.30 (m, 1H), 4.11 (m, 1H), 3.90 (m, 2H), 3.63 (m, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.13 (m, 1H), 3.11 (m, 2H), 2.70 (m, 2H), 2.42 (m, 1H), 2.00 (m, 3H), 1.85 (m, 1H), 1.40 (m, 6H), 1.38 (m, 1H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

and compound 380 (3.2 mg, 38%) as a white solid. SFC: t_(R)=6.84 min in 16 min chromatography, ee=98%, LC-MS t_(R)=1.030 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 438 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.21 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=14.4 Hz, 1H), 5.01 (m, 1H), 4.67 (m, 1H), 4.54 (m, 1H), 3.86 (m, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m, 1H), 3.09 (m, 2H), 2.71 (m, 3H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.00 (m, 3H), 1.66 (m, 1H), 1.40 (m, 6H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

Example 323 Synthesis of Compound 381

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 381b

To a solution of compound 381a (80 mg, 0.21 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (2 mL) was added Lawesson's Reagent (84.8 mg, 0.21 mmol) under N₂, the mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 3 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc=3:1 to afford compound 381b (50 mg, 60%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.258 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=387.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 381

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 381b (20 mg, 0.05 mmol) was dialkylated compound 381c (26.7 mg, 0.20 mmol) to give compound 381d (20 mg, 66%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.427 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=387.2 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 381d (20 mg, 0.034 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (49.4 mg, 0.34 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 381 (1.20 mg, 8%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.827 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=467.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.30 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (s, 1H), 5.20 (s, 2H), 3.77 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.35-3.33 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.15 (m, 1H), 3.14-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.90 (m, 2H), 1.90-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.10 (m, 5H), 0.63-0.59 (m, 2H), 0.38-0.32 (m, 2H).

Example 324 Synthesis of Compound 382

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 1 (30 mg, 0.077 mmol) was dialkylated with 2-bromo-butane (42.4 mg, 0.31 mmol) to give compound 2 (20 mg, 52%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.488 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=499.3 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 2 (20 mg, 0.045 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (57 mg, 0.40 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 382 (3.80 mg, 22%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.05 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) MS (ESI) m/z=426.3 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.07-7.05 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.80-6.69 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.01-3.82 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.64 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.01 (m, 1H), 2.95-2.89 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 1H), 2.87-2.82 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.01-1.70 (m, 4H), 1.60-1.40 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.26 (m, 2H), 1.31-1.22 (m, 3H), 1.22-1.05 (m, 3H), 0.90-0.71 (m, 3H), 0.60-0.40 (m, 2H), 0.31-0.21 (m, 2H).

Example 325 Synthesis of Compound 383

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 1 (30 mg, 0.077 mmol) was dialkylated with 1-Iodo-propane (52.6 mg, 0.31 mmol) to give compound 3 (20 mg, 54%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.37 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) MS (ESI) m/z=471.2 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 3 (20 mg, 0.042 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (61 mg, 0.42 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 383 (5.10 mg, 29%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.02 in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) MS (ESI) m/z=412.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.08-7.06 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.80-6.65 (dd, J=2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.79-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.41-3.35 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.01 (m, 1H), 2.95-2.90 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 1H), 2.95-2.85 (d, J=14.4 Hz, 1H), 2.01-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.40 (m, 3H), 1.41-1.22 (m, 2H), 1.22-1.05 (m, 3H), 0.85-0.71 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 0.60-0.40 (m, 2H), 0.31-0.12 (m, 2H).

Example 326 Synthesis of Compound 384

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution of compound 8 (100 mg, 0.69 mmol) in anhydrous CCl₄ (2 mL) was added NBS (135.9 mg, 0.76 mmol) and Bz₂O (3.80 mg, 0.015 mmol). The resulting suspension was heated at reflux for 12 h. The mixture was filtered through a pad of celite and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc=3:1 to give compound 6 (100 mg, 64%) as a yellow liquid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.4-8.25 (m, 2H), 8.12-8.05 (m, 2H), 7.82-7.74 (dd, J=2.0, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (s, 2H),

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 384

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 5 (30 mg, 0.078 mmol) was heated with compound 6 (69.1 mg, 0.31 mmol) to give compound 7 (20 mg, 38%) as a white solid, LC-MS: t_(R)=1.436 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 669.3 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 7 (20 mg, 0.029 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (42.9 mg, 0.29 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 384 (4.80 mg 31%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.940 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 510.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 9.03-8.97 (s, 2H), 8.25-8.17 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 8.05-7.95 (s, 1H), 7.90-7.80 (dd, J=1.8, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.30 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.20 (dd, J=1.2, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.09-7.01 (s, 1H), 5.23 (s, 2H) 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.25-3.10 (m, 3H), 2.80-2.68 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.20-2.02 (m, 2H), 2.03-1.81 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.20 (m, 7H), 0.75-0.60 (m, 1H), 0.50-0.30 (m, 2H), 0.30-0.01 (m, 2H).

Example 327 Synthesis of Compound 385

According to a similar synthesis of compound 344, compound 1 (30 mg, 0.077 mmol) was dialkylated 2-Bromo-butane (42.4 mg, 0.31 mmol) to give compound 4 (20 mg, 52%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.47 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) MS (ESI) m/z=499.3 [M+H]⁺.

Compound 4 (20 mg, 0.045 mmol) was then heated with NH₄I (57 mg, 0.40 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) to give compound 385 (9.20 mg, 35%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.056 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=426.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.20-7.01 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.80-6.60 (dd, J=2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.75-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.35 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.01 (m, 1H), 2.95-2.90 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 1H), 2.90-2.81 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 2H), 2.01-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.46 (m, 3H), 1.41-1.05 (m, 7H), 0.90-0.80 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.60-0.40 (m, 2H), 0.31-0.12 (m, 2H).

Example 328 Synthesis of Compound 386

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 24

To a solution of thiazol-5-yl-methanol (0.20 g, 1.74 mmol) and Et₃N (0.40 g, 3.95 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added methane sulfonyl chloride (0.40 g, 3.49 mmol) via a syringe slowly with stirring. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 7 h. The reaction was quenched by addition 10 mL brine with stirring. The mixture was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL×2). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL×2), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude compound 24 (0.40 g, crude) as a brown oil, which was used directly in next step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 386

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 1A (50 mg, 0.14 mmol) was alkylated with compound 24 to give compound 25A (31 mg, 48%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ variant 400 MHz): δ 8.73 (s, 1H), 7.86, (s, 1H), 7.21 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.18 (m, 1H), 4.87 (s, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.15 (d, J=14.4 Hz, 1H), 3.09 (m, 1H), 2.66 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.85-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.15-1.50 (m, 7H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

Compound 25A (31 mg, 0.069 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's reagent to give compound 25B (13 mg, 41%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.214 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=482 [M+H]⁺.

Finally, compound 25B (13 mg, 0.027 mmol) was converted to compound 386 (9.7 mg, 78%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.382 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=465 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.95 (s, 1H), 7.90, (s, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (s, 1H), 4.98 (s, 2H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.11 (m, 2H), 3.03 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.66 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.80-2.00 (m, 3H), 1.15-1.50 (m, 7H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

Example 329 Synthesis of Compound 387

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 1 (50 mg, 0.14 mmol) was alkylated with compound 1A (23 mg, 0.149 mmol) to give compound 2 (20 mg, 31%) as a white solid.

Compound 2 (20 mg, 0.041 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (18 mg, 0.046 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (2.5 mL) to give the crude product 3 (25 mg), which was converted to compound 387 (2.5 mg, 10%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.008 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 483.2[M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.77 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 7.49 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 7.27 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (s, 1H), 4.92 (m, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.16 (m, 3H), 2.72 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.00 (m, 2H), 1.74 (m, 1H), 1.48 (m, 7H), 0.62 (m, 1H), 0.39 (m, 2H), 0.00 (m, 2H).

Example 330 Synthesis of Compound 388

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 51

A flask equipped with a nitrogen balloon was charged with 3-methanesulfonyl-benzoic acid (0.50 g, 2.5 mmol) and anhydrous THF (10 mL). The mixture was cooled down to 0° C. with an ice water bath. A complex of BH₃-THF (3.0 mL, 3.0 mmol, 1 M in THF) was added with stirring at 0° C. slowly and the mixture was warmed to ambient temperature, then stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The mixture was quenched by additing methanol (10 mL) carefully. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo, the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL). The mixture was washed with 1N NaOH aqueous solution (30 mL), brine (30 mL×2) in turn. The separated organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give crude compound 51 (0.25 g, 50% crude yield) as a colorless oil, which was used directly in next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 52

To a solution of crude compound 51 (25 mg, 1.30 mmol) and Et₃N (0.40 g, 3.95 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added Methane sulfonyl chloride (400 mg, 3.49 mmol) via a syringe slowly with stirring. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched by addition 30 mL brine with stirring. The mixture was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL×2). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL×2), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product, which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether: ethyl acetate=2:1 to give compound 52 (100 mg, 29%) as a pale yellow oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 388

According to a similar synthesis of compound 296, compound 1A (50 mg, 0.14 mmol) was alkylated with compound 52 give compound 53 (34 mg, 45%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ variant 400): δ 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.87 (dd, J=1.2, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (dd, J=1.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.06 (m, 1H), 4.73 (s, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 2H), 3.03 (m, 4H), 2.65 (td, J=2.8, 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.80-2.10 (m, 3H), 1.20-1.50 (m, 7H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

Compound 53 (31 mg, 0.069 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's reagent to give compound 53A (27 mg, 77%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.245 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=521 (M-31), 575 (M+23).

Finally, compound 53A (27 mg, 0.027 mmol) was converted to compound 388 (14.9 mg, 57%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.382 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=465 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.91 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.87, (s, 1H), 7.60-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.22 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 4.89 (m, 2H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.30 (m, 4H), 3.071 (m, 2H), 2.74 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.20-1.60 (m, 7H), 0.65 (m, 1H), 0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

Example 331 Synthesis of Compound 389

According to a similar synthesis of compound 291, compound 1 afforded compound 389 (25 mg) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.45 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 468 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.76 (m, 1H), 7.74-7.28 (m, 7H), 4.90 (m, 2H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.04 (m, 3H), 2.04-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.76 (m, 1H), 1.42 (m, 3H), 1.24 (m, 2H).

Example 332 Synthesis of Compounds 390 and 391

To a solution of compound 1 (10 mg, 0.021 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) in a 10 mL CEM microwave tube, there was add CuCN (excess), Cs₂CO₃ (2 eq), and Pd(pph₃)₄ (cat. amount). The resulting mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 160° C. for 180 min. The mixture was filtered, and the filtration was loaded directly to a HPLC to afford compound 390 (5.9 mg, 52%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.35 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 415 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.76 (m, 1H), 7.66 (m, 1H), 7.56 (m, 1H), 7.42-7.32 (m, 5H), 4.90 (m, 2H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.24-3.06 (m, 3H), 1.98 (m, 2H), 1.76 (m, 1H), 1.46-1.20 (m, 5H); and compound 391 (2.9 mg, 25%) as a by-product, also a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.19 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 433 [M]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.90 (m, 1H), 7.72 (m, 1H), 7.48 (m, 1H), 7.42-7.30 (m, 5H), 4.90 (m, 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, 3H), 1.98 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.24 (m, 5H).

Example 333 Synthesis of Compound 392

Step 1. Synthesis of N-methoxy-N-methylpyridazine-3-carboxamide (2)

To a solution of pyridazine-3-carboxylic acid (1) (0.44 g, 3.47 mmol) in DCM (10 mL), there was added oxalyl chloride (0.67 g, 5.2 mmol) followed by 2 drops of DMF. The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr, and the solvent was removed in vacuum to give acid chloride, which was used for the next step without purification.

To the above product there was added K₂CO₃ (1.44 g, 10.4 mmol) and N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.69 g, 5.2 mmol), followed by MeCN (10 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, filtered through a cotton ball, and the filtration was concentrated to give N-methoxy-N-methylpyridazine-3-carboxamide (2) (0.41 g, 71% for two steps).

Step 2. Synthesis of 1-(pyridazin-3-yl)ethanol (3)

To a solution of N-methoxy-N-methylpyridazine-3-carboxamide (2) (0.41 g, 2.45 mmol) in anhydrous THF (8 mL) at −78° C., there was added methyl Grignard reagent (1.4 N in Toluene/THF (75:25), 3.5 mL). After finishing addition, the reaction was stirred at the same temperature for another 1 hr, quenched with MeOH, and warmed up to 0° C.

To the above solution there was added NaBH₄ (excess), and resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min, warmed to room temperature, quenched with acetone. After adding silica gel (5 g), the solvent was removed, and the residue was solid loaded to column for purification. The column was eluented with 0 to 10% MeOH in DCM to give 1-(pyridazin-3-yl)ethanol (3) (0.19 g, 63% for 2 steps).

Step 3. Synthesis of 3-(1-chloroethyl)pyridazine (4)

To a solution of 1-(pyridazin-3-yl)ethanol (3) (50 mg, 0.40 mmol) in DCM (1 mL), there was added sulfurous dichloride (0.2 mL). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs. Solvent was removed to give 3-(1-chloroethyl)pyridazine (4), which was used for the next step without purification.

Step 4. Synthesis of compound 6

To a solution of hydantoin 5 (53.0 mg, 0.14 mmol) in DMF (0.2 mL0, there was added K₂CO₃ (excess) followed by 3-(1-chloroethyl)pyridazine (4) (0.2 mmol) in DMF (0.25 mL), the resulting mixture was heated at 70° C. for 4 hrs, cooled to room temperature, added water (5 mL), and extracted with DCM (5 mL×4). The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was removed to give compound 6 (60.7 mg, 89%), LC-MS t_(R)=1.45 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 4875 [M]⁺.

Step 5. Synthesis of Compound 392

According to a similar synthesis of compound 291, compound 6 (30.4 mg, 0.06 mmol) afforded compound 392 (11.0 mg, 36%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.21 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 484 [M]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 9.18 (m, 1H), 7.90 (m, H), 7.78 (m, 1H), 7.46 (m, 2H), 7.24 (m, 1H), 5.78 (m, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.24-2.86 (m, 3H), 2.10-1.80 (m, 5H), 1.60 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.24 (m, 5H).

Example 334 Synthesis of Compound 393

To a 10 mL CEM microwave there was added compound 392 (7 mg, 0.01 mmol), PdCl2(pph3)2 (cat.) and CsF (3 eq), there solid was degassed followed by blowing N₂ through the tube. Toluene (0.5 mL) was added, and the system was degassed again before tributyl(cyclopropylethynyl)stannane (exaee) was added. The resulting mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 120° C. for 30 min, filtered, solvent was removed, and the residuea was purified on HPLC to afford compound 393 (3.4 mg, 52%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.39 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 470 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 9.16 (m, 1H), 7.90 (m, H), 7.78 (m, 1H), 7.32-7.20 (m, 3H), 5.78 (m, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.22-2.94 (m, 3H), 2.08-1.80 (m, 6H), 1.60-1.20 (m, 6H), 0.86 (d, 2H), 0.72 (m, 2H).

Example I-7 Synthesis of 6′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (4)

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of LDA (23.4 mL, 42.1 mmol, 1.8 M in THF) in THF (150 mL) was added slowly a solution of compound 1 (3.6 g, 21.05 mmol) in THF (77 mL) at −60° C. under a N₂ atmosphere. After being stirred at −60° C. for 1 h, a solution of compound 2 (7.05 g, 18.9 mmol)) in THF (23 mL) was added slowly to the above solution. The resulting mixture was stirred at −60° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (15 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×40 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum:ethyl acetate, 10:1) to give compound 3 (2.5 g, yield 26%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A flame dried 100 mL RBF was charged with compound 3 (2.11 g, 4.5 mmol) and anhydrous THF (80 mL) under N₂ atmosphere. The resulting solution was stirred and chilled to −70° C., and t-BuLi (1.3 M, in hexane 6.95 mL, 9 mmol, 2 eq.) was added dropwise. Deep red was observed during the addition. The reaction was stirred another 1 h after the addition. The reaction was quenched with MeOH (0.4 mL), and followed by aq. HCl solution (2 M, 8 mL). The resulting solution was concentrated to remove organic solvent. The residue was stirred in 0.5 M aq. HCl solution (40 mL). The suspension was heated to reflux (oil bath 105° C.). The reaction was cooled down to room temperature and filter. The cake was washed with H₂O. The light yellow solid was collected and co-evaporated with MeOH two times to remove water to give crude product, which was purified by chromatography to give 6′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (4) (450 mg, yield 35%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.80-8.01 (m, 1H), 7.63-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.32 (m, 1H), 7.00-7.18 (m, 4H), 3.10 (s, 2H), 2.91-2.97 (m, 2H), 2.81 (brs, 2H), 1.78-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.57-1.62 (m, 2H).

Example I-8 Synthesis of hydantoin 5-Method 1

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 1 (1 g, 2.94 mmol), KCN (573 mg, 8.82 mmol) and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (2.82 g, 29.4 mmol) in formamide (30 mL). The mixture was stirred at 110° C. for 72 h, cooled to room temperature, and poured into ice (20 g). After acidification with conc. HCl solution (10 mL), the resulting mixture was filtered, and the filter cake was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with water (2×50 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give compound 2 (80 mg, yield 8%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A suspension of compound 2 (20 mg, 0.049 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (20 mg, 0.049 mmol) in anhydrous dioxane (1 mL) was stirred at 150° C. for 35 min in a CEM microware reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by prep-TLC to give compound 3 (20 mg, 96%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (20 mg, 0.047 mmol) in CH₃CN (2 mL) was added MeI (13.3 mg, 0.094 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (26 mg, 0.188 mmol). After being stirred at 60° C. for 10 min in microware, additional MeI (13.3 mg, 0.094 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 10 min in microware, concentrated in vacuo to give compound 4 (25 mg, 100%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

A solution of compound 4 (40 mg, 0.088 mmol) and NH₄I (127 mg, 0.088 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (5.0 N, 2 mL) was stirred at 120° C. in a microwave reactor for 3 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was added CH₂Cl₂ (15 mL), and stirred for 30 min. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give compound 5 (35 mg, yield 92%) as a yellow solid.

Example I-9 Synthesis of Hydantoin 5-Method 2

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (500 mg, 0.86 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (510 mg, 3.72 mmol) and MeI (350 mg, 0.86 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The mixture was added water (50 mL), the precipitate was collected by filtration to collected the solid, which was dried in vacuo a crude compound 3 (300 mg, 58%) as a white solid, which was used directly in next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A mixture of compound 3 (300 mg, 0.42 mmol) and Lawesson'reagent (186 mg, 0.46 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) was heated at 150° C. for 30 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was cooled, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 4 (180 mg, 58%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (500 mg, 1.14 mmol) in a mixture of MeOH (30 mL) and NH₃-EtOH (6 mL) was added t-BuOOH (2 mL, 22.8 mmol, 65% in water). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and concentrated. Water (25 mL) was added, the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue which was purified by RP-HPLC to give compound 5 (250 mg, 52%) as a white solid.

Example 335 Synthesis of Compound 394

A solution containing hydantoin 5 (25 mg, 0.057 mmol) and compound 5A (11 mg, 0.089 mmol) in dioxane (1.5 mL), and aqueous Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.4 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (4 mg) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 120° C. for 15 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was diluted with EtOAc and filtered through a short Celite pad. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH, 10:1) and HPLC to give compound 394 (2.8 mg, yield 11%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.863 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 423 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.77 (s, 1H), 8.50 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.08 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.52 (m, 2H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.07-7.08 (m, 4H), 3.23-3.33 (m, 2H), 3.07-3.11 (m, 1H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 3.95-3.04 (m, 1H), 2.69-2.73 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.67 (m, 1H), 2.14-2.19 (m, 1H); 1.68 (s, 2H), 1.29-1.35 (m, 1H).

Example 336 Synthesis of Compounds 395, 396 and 397

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 395

According to a similar synthesis of compound 394, hydantoin 5 (350 mg, 0.62 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (12 mL) was reacted with compound 5A (175 mg, 1.24 mmol) to give compound 395 (80 mg, 31%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.921 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 441 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.22 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (m, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.41 (m, 1H), 7.11 (m, 4H), 3.60 (m, 1H), 3.40 (m, 1H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 1H), 2.77 (m, 1H), 2.76 (m, 1H), 2.64 (m, 1H), 2.22 (m, 1H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.47 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 396 and 397

Compound 395 (43 mg) was purified by preparative SFC to give two enantiomers of compound 396 (16 mg, 38%), LC-MS t_(R)=1.033 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 441 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=2.630 min in 4 min chromatography, ee=100%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.20 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (m, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.41 (m, 1H), 7.11 (m, 4H), 3.60 (m, 1H), 3.40 (m, 1H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 1H), 2.77 (m, 1H), 2.76 (m, 1H), 2.64 (m, 1H), 2.22 (m, 1H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.48 (m, 2H); and compound 397 (19 mg, 44%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.028 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 441 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=3.1580 min in 4 min chromatography, ee=98.7%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.20 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (m, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.41 (m, 1H), 7.11 (m, 4H), 3.60 (m, 1H), 3.40 (m, 1H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 1H), 2.77 (m, 1H), 2.76 (m, 1H), 2.64 (m, 1H), 2.22 (m, 1H), 1.78 (m, 1H), 1.48 (m, 2H).

Example 337 Synthesis of Compound 398

To a solution of compound 5 (20 mg, 0.047 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was added CuCl (64 mg, 0.85 mmol), the resulting mixture was heated at 180° C. in a CEM tube under microwave reactor for 0.5 h. After cooling, the mixture was concentrated under vacuum to give the residue, which was purified by preparative-basic HPLC to give compound 398 (8.4 mg, 31%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.062 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 380.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.28-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 6.98-6.70 (m, 4H), 3.38-3.42 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.14-3.21 (m, 1H), 2.98-3.07 (m, 3H), 2.81-2.88 (t, J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 2.61-2.65 (m, 1H), 2.56 (s, 1H), 2.47-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.02-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.58-1.63 (m, 1H), 1.19-1.37 (m, 2H).

Example 338 Synthesis of Compound 399

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8

To a solution of compound 7 (45 mg, 0.1 mmol) and DMAP (25 mg, 0.2 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (8 mL) was added (Boc)₂O (45 mg, 0.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=4:1) to give compound 8 (50 mg, 95%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 9

A solution of compound 8 (20 mg, 0.038 mmol) and Pd/C (4 mg) in MeOH (5 mL) was stirred under H₂ atmosphere (10 Psi) at 25° C. for 2 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 9 (18 mg, crude yield 100%), which was used directly to next step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 399

To a solution of compound 9 (18 mg, 0.046 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (8 mL) was added TFA (1 mL) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 399 (8.8 mg, 50%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.69 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 346.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.34-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.28-7.32 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.21 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (m, 4H), 3.50-3.55 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.29-3.31 (m, 1H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 3.11-3.14 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.02 (m, 1H), 2.71-2.77 (m, 1H), 2.57-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.18-2.22 (m, 1H), 1.71-1.76 (m, 1H), 1.38-1.48 (m, 2H).

Example 339 Synthesis of Compound 400

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 8 (30 mg, 0.057 mmol), CuCN (14 mg, 0.16 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (6 mg, 0.0052 mmol) and DMF (3 mL). The mixture was heated at 120° C. for 10 h. The mixture was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to afford compound 400 (5.8 mg, 15%) as a white solid; LCMS: t_(R)=1.65 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 371.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.79-7.81 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.64-7.66 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (s, 4H), 3.61-3.65 (d, J=12.4, Hz, 1H), 3.40 (m, 1H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.09-3.16 (m, 1H), 2.94-3.01 (m, 1H), 2.73-2.78 (m, 1H), 2.58-2.64 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.69 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.50 (m, 1H).

Example 340 Synthesis of Compound 401

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8A

An oven dried three-necked round bottom flask equipped with condenser was charged with compound 8 (66 mg, 0.126 mmol), Et₃N (4 mL) and Et₂NH (0.8 mL) under N₂ atmosphere. To this solution was added CuI (1.2 mg, 0.0063 mmol) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (4.4 mg, 0.0063 mmol). The system was degassed once again, then cyclopropyl acetylene (0.8 mL, excess) was added and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. (oil bath) overnight. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was partitioned with ethyl acetate (20 mL) and water (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2×30 mL), the combined organic layers were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. The crude product was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum:ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 8A (50 mg, 78%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8B

To a solution of compound 8A (25 mg, 0.049 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) was added Pd/C (5 mg), the mixture was stirred at room temperature under H₂ atmosphere (1 atm) for 2 h The reaction mixture was filtered through a Celite pad, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum:ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 8A (8 mg, 32%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 401

A solution of compound 4 (8 mg, 0.002 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) was heated at 120° C. in a microwave reactor for 15 min. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo to yield the crude compound, which was purified by HPLC to give compound 401 (4.5 mg, 52%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.193 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 414 [M+H]⁺; ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.30 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (s, 4H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 3.45-3.50 (m, 1H), 3.23-3.32 (m, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 2.86-3.10 (m, 2H), 2.67-2.71 (m, 3H), 2.54-2.59 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.16 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.71 (m, 1H), 1.27-1.48 (m, 4H); 0.67-0.68 (m, 1H), 0.38-0.40 (m, 2H), 0.01-0.03 (m, 2H).

Example 341 Synthesis of Compound 402

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 14

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 13 (0.40 g, 1.2 mmol), KCN (0.15 g, 2.4 mmol) and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (1.0 g, 11.0 mmol) in Formamide (20 mL). The mixture was heated at 120° C. for 72 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled and poured into ice-water (200 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×100 mL), and the combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×100 mL). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by preparative TLC eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1 to give compound 14 (70 mg, 18%) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.40 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 397.1 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 15

A sealed tube was charged with a mixture of compound 14 (55 mg, 14 mmol), Lawessons reagent (0.15 g, 0.37 mmol) in toluene (30 mL) was heated at 120° C. for 6 h. After cooling down, the precipitate was filtered off and washed with ethyl acetate (2×40 mL). The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by preparative TLC eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (2:1) to give compound 15 (25 mg, 43%) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.21 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 413.1 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 16

A mixture of compound 15 (25 mg, 0.061 mmol), iodomethane (20 mg, 0.14 mmol) and

K₂CO₃ (50 mg, 0.36 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was poured into brine (30 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×10 mL). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo, the resulting residue was purified by preparative TLC eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate (10:1) to give compound 16 (15 mg, 55%) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.25 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 441.1 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 402

A sealed tube was charged with a mixture of compound 16 (15 mg, 0.034 mmol), NH₄I (30 mg, 0.21 mmol) and a solution of NH₃ in ethanol (2 mL). The mixture was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 3 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 402 (3.0 mg, 21%) with 99% purity as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.89 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 410.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.30-7.40 (s, 2H), 7.10-7.15 (s, 1H), 7.00-7.10 (s, 4H), 3.05-3.15 (s, 3H), 3.00-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.60-2.70 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.05-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.70 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.30 (m, 2H), 0.75-0.85 (m, 2H), 0.60-0.70 (m, 2H).

Example I-10 Synthesis of Intermediate Hydantoin 4

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (200 mg, 0.49 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (200 mg, 1.46 mmol) and CH₃I (76 mg, 0.51 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 30° C. for 10 h. The mixture was filtered and filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 2 (175 mg, 85%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A suspension of compound 2 (170 mg, 0.4 mmol), compound 2A (112 mg, 0.44 mmol), PdCl₂(dppf)₂ (50 mg, 0.08 mmol) and KOAc (118 mg, 1.2 mmol) in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (6 mL) was heated at 100° C. for 60 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 3 (140 mg, 70%, 67% purity) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (140 mg, 0.39 mmol) in THF (8 mL) was added AcOH (1 mL) and H₂O₂ (3 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 30° C. for 10 h. The mixture was quenched by addition of saturated NaHCO₃ (6 mL) and then partitioned between EtOAc (2×20 mL) and water (10 mL). The organic layers were collected and concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give hydantoin 4 (89 mg, 70%) as a colorless oil.

Example 342 Synthesis of Compound 403

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (45 mg, 0.12 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (35 mg, 0.25 mmol). After stirring for 5 min, 2-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoro-ethane (30 mg, 0.18 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 10 h. The mixture was filtered, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 5 (31 mg, 78%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

A suspension of compound 5 (27 mg, 0.06 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (24 mg, 0.06 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (1 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 40 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by prep. TLC (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 6 (21 mg, 65%, 73% purity) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 403

A solution of compound 6 (21 mg, 0.046 mmol), t-BuOOH (90 mg, 0.9 mmol), NH₃.H₂O (1 mL) in EtOH (3 mL) was stirred at 30° C. for 10 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 403 (5.0 mg, 25%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.79 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 444.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.40-7.47 (d, 1H), 7.05-7.38 (m, 5H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 4.49-4.59 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 3.08-3.13 (m, 1H), 2.92-3.01 (m, 1H), 2.60-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.13-2.20 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.50 (m, 2H).

Example 343 Synthesis of Compound 404

According to a similar synthesis of compound 403, hydantoin 4 (30 mg, 0.08 mmol) was methylated with CH₃I (13 mg, 0.09 mmol) to give compound 4A (15 mg, 50%) as a white solid. Compound 4A (15 mg, 0.04 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (18 mg, 0.04 mmol) to give compound 4B (11 mg, 70%) as a white solid. Finally, compound 4B (11 mg, 0.03 mmol) was converted to compound 404 (4.60 mg, 40%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.73 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 376.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.15-7.20 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.90-7.00 (m, 4H), 6.70-6.75 (dd, J=2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.45-6.55 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 3.60-3.65 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.20 (m, 2H,), 2.90-3.00 (m, 4H), 2.75-2.90 (m 1H), 2.55-2.65 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.60 (m, 1H), 1.95-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.60 (s, 2H), 1.10-1.20 (m, 1H).

Example 344 Synthesis of Compound 405, 406 and 407

According to a similar synthesis of compound 403, hydantoin 4 (800 mg, 2.2 mmol) was alkylated with 1-bromo-2-methoxy-ethane (350 mg, 2.4 mmol) to give compound 16 (430 mg, 50%) as a white solid. Compound 16 (420 mg, 1 mmol) was converted to thiohydantoin 17 (300 mg, 50%) as a white solid by a Lawesson's Reagent (420 mg, 1.05 mmol); Finally, compound 17 (300 mg, 0.69 mmol) afforded compound 405 (170 mg, 55%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.553 min in 3 min chromatography, MS ESI m/z 420.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.25-7.35 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H,), 7.05-7.10 (m, 4H), 6.90-7.00 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H,), 6.75-6.80 (s, 1H), 4.00-4.10 (s, 2H), 3.55-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.45 (m, 4H), 3.10-3.25 (m, 4H), 3.05-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.85-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.40 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 406 and 407

Compound 405 (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) was re-purified by preparative SFC to give compound 406 (13.40 mg, 30%) as a white solid, LCMS: t_(R)=1.565 min in 3 min chromatography, MS ESI m/z 420.1 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=1.434 min in 8 min chromatography, ee=100%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.25-7.35 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H,), 7.05-7.10 (s, 4H), 6.90-7.00 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H,), 6.75-6.80 (s, 1H), 4.00-4.10 (s, 2H), 3.55-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.45 (m, 4H), 3.10-3.25 (m, 4H), 3.05-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.85-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.40 (m, 2H); and compound 407 (18.10 mg, 32%) as the white solid, LCMS: t_(R)=1.561 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 420.1 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=3.338 min in 8 min chromatography, ee=100%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.25-7.35 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H,), 7.05-7.10 (s, 4H), 6.90-7.00 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H,), 6.75-6.80 (s, 1H), 4.00-4.10 (s, 2H), 3.55-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.35-3.45 (m, 4H), 3.10-3.25 (m, 4H), 3.05-3.10 (m, 1H), 2.85-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.05-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.40 (m, 2H).

Example 345 Synthesis of Compound 408

According to a similar synthesis of compound 403, hydantoin 4 (44 mg, 0.12 mmol) reacted with bromomethylcyclopropane (24 mg, 0.18 mmol) to give compound 2 (29 mg, 61%) as a white solid. Compound 2 (22 mg, 0.05 mmol) was then converted to thio-hydantoin 3 (19 mg, 85%, 90% purity) with a Lawesson's Reagent (23 mg, 0.06 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (2 mL). And compound 3 was further reacted with ammonia under oxidation conditions to give compound 408 as a white solid (7.20 mg, 40%). LCMS: t_(R)=1.81 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 416.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.31-7.33 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.09-7.12 (m, 4H), 6.94-6.97 (dd, J=2.4, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 3.81 (s, 2H), 3.41-3.45 (d, J=19.2 Hz, 1H), 3.20-3.24 (d, J=19.2 Hz, 1H), 3.16 (s, 3H), 3.09-3.13 (m, 1H), 2.93-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.63-2.68 (m, 1H), 2.58-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.14-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.73-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.44 (m, 2H), 1.19-1.27 (m, 1H), 0.56-0.64 (m, 2H), 0.28-0.39 (m, 2H).

Example 406 Synthesis of Compound 409

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (700 mg, 1.7 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (700 mg, 5.2 mmol). After stirring for 5 min, 2-iodo-propane (300 mg, 1.8 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 10 h. The precipitate was filtered off and washed with ethyl acetate (2×40 mL), the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 2 (410 mg, 52%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A suspension of compound 2 (180 mg, 0.4 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (180 mg, 0.44 mmol) in dry toluene (4 mL) was heated under 130° C. for 35 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) to give compound 3 as a white solid (96 mg, 50%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A solution of compound 3 (95 mg, 0.2 mmol), t-BuOOH (1.5 mL), NH₃.H₂O (1.5 mL) in MeOH (8 mL) was stirred at 25° C. for 10 h. Then, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (eluent:dichloromethane:MeOH=12: 1) to give compound 4 (47 mg, 50%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.26 min, in 3 min chromatography; MS (ESI) m/z 452.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.30-7.35 (d, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.20 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.90-7.00 (m, 5H), 4.05-4.15 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.25 (m, 1H), 3.05-3.15 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.75-2.85 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.65 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.05-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.50 (m, 2H), 1.25-1.35 (m, 6H), 1.15-1.20 (m, 1H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 409

A suspension of compound 4 (14 mg, 0.03 mmol), 2-fluoro-3-pyridine boronic acid (5.5 mg, 0.03 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (2 mg, 2.8×10⁻³ mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.1 mL, 2 N in water) in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) was heated at 120° C. for 15 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by prep. HPLC to give compound 409 (3.1 mg, 28%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.85 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=469.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.16-8.17 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.03-8.05 (m, 1H), 7.61-7.63 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.54-7.56 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.07-7.10 (m, 4H), 4.21-4.26 (m, 1H), 3.53-3.57 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 3.28-3.34 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 3.09-3.16 (m, 1H), 2.93-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.72-2.77 (m, 1H), 2.57-2.62 (m, 1H), 2.21-2.26 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.50 (m, 8H).

Example 347 Synthesis of Compound 410

A solution of compound 4 described in Example 346 (10 mg, 0.022 mmol) and Pd/C (2 mg) in MeOH (4 mL) was stirred at 25° C. under H₂ (10 psi) for 2 h. The mixture was filtered and filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (Dichloromethane:MeOH=12:1) to give compound 410 (4.3 mg, 55%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.82 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 374.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.20-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.10-7.20 (m, 1H), 6.90-7.05 (m, 5H), 4.05-4.15 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.25 (m, 1H), 3.05-3.15 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.75-2.85 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.65 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.05-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.50 (m, 2H), 1.25-1.35 (m, 6H), 1.15-1.20 (m, 1H).

Example 348 Synthesis of Compound 411

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (100 mg, 0.22 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was added CuCN (40 mg, 0.44 mmol), Pd(PPh₃)₄ (12 mg, 0.01 mmol) under N₂ at room temperature. The resulting mixture was stirred 30 min at 180° C. in a microwave reactor. Water (15 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL), and the combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) to give compound 3 (46 mg, 52%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A mixture of compound 3 (46 mg, 0.115 mmol) and Lawesson'reagent (70 mg, 0.175 mmol) in toluene (2 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 30 min in a microwave reactor under N₂. The mixture was cooled, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 4 (19 mg, 40%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 411

To a solution of compound 4 (19 mg, 0.045 mmol) in a mixture of MeOH (10 mL) and NH₄OH (2 mL) was added t-BuOOH (0.5 mL, 65% in water). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and concentrated. Water (15 mL) and EtOAc (3×10 mL) were added, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue which was purified by preparative HPLC to give the compound 411 (8.1 mg, 44%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.931 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 399 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.78 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (m, 4H), 4.24 (m, 1H), 3.60 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (m, 1H), 3.28 (m, 1H), 3.11 (m, 1H), 2.96 (m, 1H), 2.74 (m, 1H), 2.57 (m, 1H), 2.20 (m, 1H), 1.61 (m, 1H), 1.48 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.46 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 3H), 1.39 (m, 1H).

Example 349 Synthesis of Compound 412

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

A suspension of compound 1 (220 mg, 0.48 mmol), compound 1A (185 mg, 0.73 mmol), PdCl₂(dppf) (70 mg, 0.1 mmol) and KOAc (150 mg, 1.5 mmol) in dry 1,4-dioxane (5 mL) was heated under 100° C. for 60 min in CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 2 (300 mg, crude yield 100%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (300 mg, 0.6 mmol) in THF (15 mL) was added AcOH (1 mL) and H₂O₂ (3 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 30° C. for 10 h. The mixture was quenched with saturated NaHCO₃ (6 mL) and then balanced between EtOAc (2×20 mL) and water (10 mL). The organic layers were collected and concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give compound 3 (70 mg, 35%) as a colorless oil.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (35 mg, 0.09 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (40 mg, 0.30 mmol). After stirring for 5 min, bromomethyl-cyclopropane (13 mg, 0.10 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 10 h. The mixture was filtered and filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1) to give compound 4 (12 mg, 25%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

A suspension of compound 4 (13 mg, 0.03 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (13 mg, 0.03 mmol) in dry toluene (1 mL) was heated under 130° C. for 40 min in CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1) to give compound 5 (6 mg, 50%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 412

A solution of compound 5 (6 mg, 0.046 mmol), t-BuOOH (0.5 mL), NH₃.H₂O (0.5 mL) in MeOH (2 mL) was stirred at 25° C. for 10 h. Then, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 412 (0.8 mg, 15%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.94 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 443.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.35-7.45 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.00-7.15 (m, 4H), 6.85-6.90 (d, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.50-6.55 (s, 1H), 4.15-4.35 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.80 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.20-3.30 (s, 1H,), 3.15-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.05-3.15 (m 1H), 2.90-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.25 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.70 (m, 5H), 1.30-1.50 (m, 6H), 1.20-1.30 (m, 2H), 0.45-0.55 (m, 2H), 0.30-0.40 (m, 2H).

Example 350 Synthesis of Compound 413

According to a similar synthesis of compound 412, compound 3 (35 mg, 0.09 mmol) was alkylated with trifluoro-methanesulfonic acid 2,2,2-trifluoro-ethyl ester (23 mg, 0.10 mmol) to give compound 3a (18 mg, 45%) as a white solid. A suspension of compound 3a (18 mg, 0.04 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (17 mg, 0.04 mmol) to give compound 3B (8 mg, 45%) as a white solid. Finally, compound 3B (8 mg, 0.016 mmol) was converted to compound 413 (1.90 mg, 25%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.93 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 472.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.15-7.20 (m, 1H,), 6.90-7.00 (m, 4H), 6.85-6.90 (dd, J=2.4, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.50-6.55 (s, 1H), 4.30-4.40 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.35 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.80 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.20-3.30 (s, 1H,), 3.15-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.05-3.15 (m 1H), 2.90-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.65-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.50-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.10-2.25 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.60 (s, 2H), 1.30-1.50 (m, 6H), 1.20-1.30 (m, 1H).

Example I-11 Synthesis of Hydantoin 4

According to a similar synthesis of compound 4 described in Example 346, compound 1 (500 mg, 1.17 mmol) was alkylated with 1-Bromo-2-methoxy-ethane (180 mg, 1.3 mmol) to give compound 2 (360 mg, 65%) as a white solid. Compound 2 (200 mg, 0.43 mmol) was reacted with Lawesson's Reagent (190 mg, 0.47 mmol) to give compound 3 (84 mg, 50%) as a white solid. And compound 3 (80 mg, 0.17 mmol) was converted to hydantoin 4 (55 mg, 70%) as a white solid.

Example 351 Synthesis of Compound 414

A suspension of compound 4 (25 mg, 0.05 mmol), 2-fluoro-3-pyridine boronic acid (10 mg, 0.06 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (4 mg, 0.005 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (0.2 mL, 2 N in water) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) was heated at 120° C. for 15 min in CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 414 (5.0 mg, 20%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.086 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=485.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.20-8.25 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 8.05-8.10 (m, 1H), 7.65-7.70 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.60 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.15 (m, 4H), 3.80-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.60 (m, 3H), 3.35-3.40 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.35 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.20 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.75-2.80 (m, 1H), 2.60-2.70 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.30 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.55 (m, 2H).

Example 352 Synthesis of Compound 415

Following a similar synthesis of compound 414, compound 4 (25 mg, 0.05 mmol) was reacted with 5-fluoro-3-pyridine boronic acid (10 mg, 0.06 mmol) to give compound 415 (3.7 mg, 20%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.088 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=485.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹⁹F NMR: (CD₃OD 19f): δ −128.50. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.20-8.25 (s, 1H), 8.50-8.55 (s, 1H), 8.30-8.35 (m, 1H), 7.75-7.80 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.50-7.55 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.55 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.10-7.15 (s, 1H), 6.90-7.00 (m, 4H), 3.55-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.25-3.35 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.25 (m, 4H), 2.90-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.15-1.25 (m, 1H).

Example 353 Synthesis of Compound 416

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2A

A suspension of compound 2 (70 mg, 0.15 mmol), CuCN (27 mg, 0.30 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (17 mg, 0.02 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (2 mL) was heated at 180° C. for 45 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel (petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1) to give compound 2A (34 mg, 55%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2B

A suspension of compound 2A (34 mg, 0.08 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (35 mg, 0.09 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (2 mL) was heated under 130° C. for 35 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 2B (16 mg, 40%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 416

A solution of compound 2B (16 mg, 0.04 mmol), t-BuOOH (0.5 mL), NH₃.H₂O (0.5 mL) in EtOH (2 mL) was stirred at 20° C. for 10 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 416 (1.70 mg, 10%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.028 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=415.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.50-7.55 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.45 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H,), 7.10-7.15 (s, 1H), 6.90-7.00 (m, 4H), 3.55-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.40-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.25-3.35 (m, 4H), 2.90-3.00 (m, 1H), 2.80-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.55-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.15-1.25 (m, 2H).

Example 354 Synthesis of Compound 417

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (4.27 g, 21 mmol) and DMAP (0.029 g, 0.24 mmol) in anhydrous CH₃CN (40 mL) was added TMSCN (2.82 g, 28.4 mmol) via a syringe under a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h at room temperature, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give crude compound 2 (6.35 g, 100%) which was used directly in the next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (6.35 g, 21 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added LiHMDS (1 M in THF, 22 mL, 22 mmol) via a syringe at −78° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. After 1 h a solution of compound 2A (3.31 g, 20.66 mmol) in THF (32 mL) was added dropwise at −78° C. The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 1.5 h then quenched by addition of a solution of sat. NH₄Cl (50 mL), the resulting mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, extracted with ethyl acetate (3×100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:THF=40:1) to give compound 3 (3.21 g, 42%) as a light yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (3.21 g, 8.8 mmol) in THF (50 mL) was added t-BuOK (1.19 g, 10.6 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 50 min, cooled to room temperature, diluted with water (30 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×30 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:EtOAc=40:1) to give compound 4 (1.57 g, 51%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (800 mg, 2.34 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (16 mL) was added TiCl₄ (4.10 mL, 1.0 M in dichloromethane, 4.10 mmol) dropwise. After stirring for 1 h at room temperature, bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (1.20 g, 6.45 mmol) was added, and the final mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched by addition of ice-water (30 mL) and stirred for 15 min, extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 5 (840 mg, crude) which was used for the next step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution of compound 5 (840 mg, 2.30 mmol) in EtOH (8 mL) and H₂O (8 mL) was added KCN (596 mg, 9.18 mmol) and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (2.23 g, 23 mmol). The reaction was heated at 75° C. overnight. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, and was dissolved in EtOAc (200 mL), washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 6 (800 mg, 80% crude) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆ 300 MHz): δ 11.02 (s, 1H), 8.71 (s, 1H), 7.46 (m, 2H), 7.14 (m, 4H), 6.95 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.13 (m, 2H), 2.66 (m, 3H), 2.05 (m, 1H), 1.53 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of compound 6 (600 mg, 1.46 mmol) in toluene (24 mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (647 mg, 1.60 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 130° C. for 40 min. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by chromatography (petroleum ether:EtOAc=20:1) to afford compound 7 (570 mg, 90%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8

To a solution of compound 7 (570 mg, 1.33 mmol) in CH₃CN (45 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (554 mg, 3.99 mmol) followed by MeI (1.17 g, 7.97 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 10 min and then at 100° C. for 10 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The solution was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by chromatography (petroleum ether:EtOAc=30:1) to afford compound 8 (420 mg, 69%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.28 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (s, 4H), 6.82 (m, 2H), 3.24 (m, 2H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 2.62-2.39 (m, 7H), 1.67 (m, 1H), 1.36 (m, 1H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 417

To a solution of compound 8 (20 mg, 0.044 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL) was added NH₄I (52 mg, 0.35 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 2 h. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to afford compound 417 (4.2 mg, 22%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.199 min in 2 min chromatography, m/z 428.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.58 (m, 2H), 7.19 (s, 4H), 6.98 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 2.73-2.55 (m, 4H), 2.23 (m, 1H), 1.71-1.52 (m, 2H).

Example 355 Synthesis of Compound 418

To a solution of compound compound 417 (40 mg, 0.094 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) was added compound 11 (23 mg, 0.19 mmol), PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (10 mg) and aq. Cs₂CO₃ (0.1 mL, 2M in H₂O). The reaction mixture was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min under a nitrogen atmosphere. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 418 (8 mg, 20%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.016 min in 2 min chromatography, m/z 425.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 8.93 (m, 1H), 8.66 (m, 1H), 8.45 (m, 1H), 7.83 (m, 3H), 7.22-7.11 (m, 5H), 3.46 (m, 2H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 2.74-2.61 (m, 3H), 2.35 (m, 1H), 1.78-1.57 (m, 2H).

Example 356 Synthesis of Compound 419

According to a similar synthesis of compound 418, compound 417 (20 mg, 0.047 mmol) was reacted with compound 12 (14 mg, 0.094 mmol) to give compound 419 (7.5 mg, 36%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.237 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 449.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.96 (m, 2H), 7.77-7.59 (m, 4H), 7.14 (m, 5H), 3.46 (m, 2H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 2.69 (m, 3H), 2.33 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.53 (m, 2).

Example 357 Synthesis of Compound 420

According to a similar synthesis of compound 418, compound 417 (20 mg, 0.047 mmol) was coupled with compound 1A (12 mg, 0.094 mmol) to give compound 420 (6.1 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.265 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 424.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.38-7.43 (m, 3H), 7.23-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.12-7.17 (m, 1H), 7.06-7.07 (s, 1H), 6.97 (s, 4H), 6.87-6.89 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H).

Example 358 Synthesis of Compound 421

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 9

To a solution of compound 417 (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added (Boc)₂O (32 mg, 0.14 mmol), Et₃N (14 mg, 0.14 mmol) and DMAP (5 mg, 0.04 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=5:1) to give compound 9 (60 mg, 99%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 10

To a solution of compound 9 (60 mg, 0.11 mmol) in Et₃N (5 mL) and Et₂NH (1 mL) was added CuI (22 mg, 0.11 mmol) and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (32 mg, 0.046 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was sealed and 9A (75 mg, 0.11 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 50° C. overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=4:1) to give compound 10 (38 mg, 65%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ 8.72 (s, 1H), 7.63 (s, 1H), 7.28 (m, 3H), 7.07 (m, 4H), 7.03 (s, 1), 6.82 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (m, 2H), 3.02 (s, 3H), 2.58 (m, 3H), 2.14 (m, 1H) 1.63 (m, 2H), 1.48 (s, 9H), 1.32 (m, 1H), 0.37 (m, 2H), 0.71 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 421

Compound 10 (38 mg, 0.074 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) and heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 120° C. for 15 min. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to afford compound 421 (12 mg, 40%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.257 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 412.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.38 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.13 (s, 4H), 6.96 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.46 (m, 2H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 2.65 (m, 3H), 2.23 (m, 1H), 1.66 (m, 2H), 1.48 (m, 1H), 0.88 (m, 2H), 0.71 (m, 2H).

Example 329 Synthesis of Compound 422

To a solution of compound 421 (10 mg, 0.0243 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added Pd/C (10 mg). The reaction mixture was stirred under H₂ atmosphere at room temperature for 3 h. The solution was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative HPLC to afford compound 422 (3 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.305 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 416.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.22 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (s, 5H), 6.91 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.33 (m, 2H), 3.17 (s, 3H), 2.63 (m, 5H), 2.26 (m, 1H), 1.63-1.42 (m, 4H), 0.66 (m, 1H), 0.49 (m, 2H), 0.01 (m, 2H).

Example 330 Synthesis of Compound 423

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 9A

To a solution of compound 9 (22 mg, 0.043 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) was added Pd/C (10 mg). The reaction mixture was stirred under H₂ atmosphere at room temperature for 3 h. The solution was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give compound 9A (11 mg, 60%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 423

Compound 9A (11 mg, 0.024 mmol) was dissolved in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) and heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 120° C. for 15 min. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to afford compound 423 (3 mg, 19%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.145 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 348.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.31 (m, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (m, 4H), 6.92 (m, 2H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 3.09 (s, 3H), 2.56 (m, 3H), 2.18 (m, 1H), 1.53 (m, 2H).

Example 361 Synthesis of Compound 424

To a solution of compound 9 (30 mg, 0.057 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added CuCN (25 mg, 0.29 mmol) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (3 mg) under N₂. The reaction mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 150° C. for 1 h. Water (10 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. The residue was purified by preparative TLC to give compound 424 (3 mg, 14%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.148 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 373.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.83 (m, 2H), 7.16 (m, 5H), 3.43 (m, 2H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 2.74-2.58 (m, 3H), 2.29 (m, 1H), 1.27-1.56 (m, 2H).

Example I-12 Synthesis of hydantoin 6C

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6A

To a solution of compound 6 (820 mg, 1.99 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) and CH₃CN (10 mL) was added compound K₂CO₃ (332 mg, 2.39 mmol) and MeI (0.18 mL, 2.99 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. CH₃CN was removed and water (80 mL) was added, extracted with EtOAc (50 mL×3). The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by chromatography (petroleum ether:EtOAc=10:1) to give compound 6A (650 mg, 77%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6B

To a solution of compound 6A (560 mg, 1.526 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (15 mL) was added 4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi(1,3,2-dioxaborolane) (465 mg, 1.831 mmol), KOAc (449 mg, 4.578 mmol) and PdCl₂(dppf) under N₂. The reaction mixture was heated at 100° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 1 h. The solution was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give compound 6B (1 g, crude), which was used for the next step.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6C

To a solution of compound 6B (1 g, crude) in THF (80 mL) was added H₂O₂ (1.5 mL) and HOAc (5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched with NaHSO₃ solution (50 mL). After stirring for 30 min, the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (50 mL×3). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether: EtOAc=1:1) to afford compound 6C (400 mg with 50% purity).

Example 362 Synthesis of Compound 425

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of compound 6C (150 mg, 0.206 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (34 mg, 0.24 mmol) followed by (bromomethyl)cyclopropane (42 mg, 0.309 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 days. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (20 mL×2). The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to afford compound 7 (40 mg, 47%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ 7.18 (s, 4H), 6.81 (s, 2H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 5.07 (s, 1H), 3.64 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (m, 2H), 2.96 (s, 3H), 2.57 (m, 3H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.53 (m, 1H), 1.48 (m, 1H), 1.15 (m, 1H), 0.53 (m, 2H), 0.25 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8

To a solution of compound 7 (40 mg, 0.0957 mmol) in dry toluene (1 mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (58 mg, 0.143 mmol) under N₂. The reaction mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 130° C. for 60 min. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 8 (24 mg, 57%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 425

To a solution of compound 8 (24 mg, 0.055 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) and NH₃.H₂O (0.6 mL) was added t-BuOOH (162 mg, 1.11 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 425 (9.0 mg, 39%) as a white solid; LC-MS t_(R)=1.231 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 418.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.13 (m, 4H), 6.98 (m, 3H), 3.79 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (m, 2H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 2.63 (m, 3H), 2.27 (m, 1H), 1.67-1.48 (m, 2H), 1.22 (m, 1H), 0.61 (m, 2H), 0.32 (m, 2H).

Example 363 Synthesis of Compound 426

According to a similar synthesis of compound 425, compound 6C (100 mg, 0.137 mmol) was alkylated with 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (96 mg, 0.412 mmol) to give compound 9 (35 mg, 81%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.19 (s, 4H), 6.87 (s, 2H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 4.21 (m, 1H), 3.27 (m, 1H), 2.96 (s, 3H), 2.64-2.47 (m, 3H), 2.06 (m, 1H), 1.61 (m, 1H), 1.42 (m, 1H). Compound 9 (35 mg, 0.0783 mmol) was then reacted with Lawesson's reagent (47 mg, 0.117 mmol) under N₂ to give compound 10 (29 mg, 81%) as a white solid. Finally, compound 10 (29 mg, 0.063 mmol) was converted to compound 426 (8.0 mg, 29%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.241 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 446.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.05 (m, 6H), 6.94 (m, 1H), 4.39 (m, 1H), 3.31 (m, 2H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 2.62-2.47 (m, 3H), 2.21 (m, 1H), 1.62-1.41 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ −70.293, −71.342

Example 364 Synthesis of Compound 427

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (100 mg, 0.243 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (41 mg, 0.292 mmol) and 2-iodopropane (1A) (45 mg, 0.267 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. Water (15 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether: EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 2 (68 mg, 62%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.35 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (m, 5H), 6.79 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.23 (m, 1H), 3.25 (m, 2H), 2.66 (m, 2H), 2.48 (m, 1H), 2.06 (m, 1H), 1.59 (m, 1H), 1.43 (m, 1H), 1.32 (m, 6H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (68 mg, 0.149 mmol) in dry toluene (2 mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (91 mg, 0.224 mmol) under N₂. The reaction mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 130° C. for 1 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 3 (46 mg, 66%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 427

To a solution of compound 3 (46 mg, 0.0977 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) and NH₃.H₂O (0.6 mL) was added t-BuOOH (286 mg, 1.95 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 427 (13 mg, 30%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.278 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 454.0 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.55 (m, 2H), 7.14 (m, 4H), 6.98 (d, J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.26 (m, 1H), 3.39 (m, 1H), 3.28 (m, 1H), 2.77-2.53 (m, 3H), 2.24 (m, 1H), 1.63 (m, 2H), 1.49 (m, 6H).

Example 365 Synthesis of Compound 428

To a solution of compound 427 (30 mg, 0.066 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added CuCN (40 mg, excess) under N₂. The reaction mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 150° C. for 1 h. Water (10 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (10 mL×3). The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. The residue was purified by preparative TLC to give compound 428 (2.1 mg, 8%). LC-MS t_(R)=1.223 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 401.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 300 MHz): δ 7.81 (m, 2H), 7.18 (m, 5H), 4.26 (m, 1H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 2.78-2.57 (m, 3H), 2.26 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.53 (m, 2H), 1.49 (m, 6H).

Example I-13 Synthesis of (1s,4s)-ethyl 1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate (7)-Method 1

Step 1: Preparation of N-(5′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (4)

To a solution of 6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (3) (923 mg, 2.99 mmol) and 2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (1.450 g, 11.96 mmol, 4 eq.) in anhydrous THF (75 mL) was added Ti(OEt)₄ (5.46 g, 4.96 mL, 23.92 mmol, 8.0 eq). The resulting mixture was heated to reflux overnight. LC-MS showed ca. 45% conversion. After another 8 h, no further improvement. To the refluxing mixture was added 2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (0.725 g, 5.98 mmol, 2 eq.) and Ti(OEt)₄ (2.73 g, 2.5 mL, 11.96 mmol, 4.0 eq) and followed by another equal portions of 2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide and Ti(OEt)₄ after 14 hours. The reaction mixture was refluxed for another 2 days, 93% conversion achieved at this point. The reaction was quenched with brine (3 mL) after cooled down to room temperature. The mixture was stirred for another 30 min before filtered through a short pad of Celite®. The filter cake was washed with EA, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography. The fraction of desired product with 2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide was dissolved in EA (100 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (45 mL), 1 M NaOH (40 mL) and brine successively. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure after dried over Na₂SO₄ and filtered to afford 0.968 g of the desired product 4 as a light yellow solid. MS ESI+ve m/z 412 (M+H)³⁰.

Step 2: Preparation of N-(6′-bromo-1′-(1-ethoxyvinyl)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-yl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (5)

To solution of ethyl vinyl ether (1) (269 mg, 357 μL, 3.73 mmol, 5 eq.) in dry THF (10 mL) chilled to −78° C. under N₂ was added 1.7 M t-BuLi in heptanes (1.75 mL, 2.98 mmol, 4 eq.) dropwise within 10 min. The temperature of the resulting yellow clear solution¹ was allowed to warm to 0° C. slowly within 30 min. By removing dry ice and adding water to dry ice-acetone bath, finally the cooling bath was replaced with a ice water bath. The color changed from yellow to nearly colorless after being stirred ca 5 min at 0° C. Then the lithium regent solution (2) was cooled to −78° C. again and cannulated to a solution of starting material 4 (307.5 mg, 0.746 mmol) in dry THF (5 mL) at −78° C. with positive pressure. The resulting mixture was stirred at this temperature for another 30 min. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl and extracted with ether and EA, the combined organic phases were washed with water and brine, dried, and filtered. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure to generate off-white foam, which was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel 9:1 eluted with EA in hexane (0-40%) to produce the desired product 5 and its diastereomers in a ratio (321 mg, yield 89%). MS ESI+ve m/z 484 (M+H)³⁰.

Step 3: Preparation of ethyl 6′-bromo-1′-(1,1-dimethylethylsulfinamido)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate (6)

To a solution of N-(6′-bromo-1′-(1-ethoxyvinyl)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-yl)-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide (5) (200 mg, 0.48 mmol) in acetone (15 mL) at room temperature (23° C.) was added a KMnO₄ solution (5.8 mL, prepared by dissolving 9.5 g of KMnO₄ in 100 mL of H₂O). The mixture was stirred room temperature for 16 h. Another portion of KMnO₄ solution (2.2 mL) was added and stirred another 12 h. The reaction was quenched with 5% NaHSO₃, stirring until colorless clear solution achieved before combined. The combined organic phases were extracted with EA 2 times, washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, evaporated after filtration. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel eluted with EA in hexane (0-60%) to afford the desired amino ester (6) (62.8 mg, 31%). MS ESI+ve m/z 486 (M+H)³⁰.

Step 4: Preparation of ethyl 1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate (7)

To a solution of ethyl 6′-bromo-1′-(1,1-dimethylethylsulfinamido)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate (6) (62.8 mg, 0.129 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added a 4 M HCl solution in dioxane (2 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred for 30 min. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue 7 was used for next step without further purification. MS ESI+ve m/z 382 (M+H)³⁰.

Example I-14 Synthesis of (1s,4s)-ethyl 1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate (7) Method 2

Step 1. N-(5′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanesulfonamide (8)

To a mixture of 6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (3) (0.9822 g, 3.18 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanesulfonamide) (SESNH₂) (0.6338 g, 3.50 mmol, 1.1 equiv) in ClCH₂CH₂Cl (10 mL), cooled to 0° C., were successively added Et₃N (0.9 mL, 6.46 mmol, 2.0 equiv) and TiCl₄ (1.0 M in CH₂Cl₂, 3.4 mL, 3.4 mmol, 1.1 equiv). After 10 min, the ice bath was removed. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h and then heated at 110° C. for 42 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, quenched with water, and extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The combined organic phase was dried (Na₂SO₄) and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 1.3685 g (91%) of N-(5′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanesulfonamide (8) as a solid. LC-MS t_(R)=2.31 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 472, 474 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.78 (br s, 1H), 7.67 (dd, J=8.2, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.29-3.21 (m, 3H), 2.98 (s, 2H), 2.16-2.12 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.76 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.57 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.33 (m, 2H), 1.21-1.17 (m, 2H), 0.10 (s, 9H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 189.97, 151.30, 137.91, 133.35, 127.50, 121.43, 78.10, 55.80, 51.79, 51.39, 39.55, 33.97, 28.60, 9.98, −1.93.

Step 2. N-(6′-bromo-1′-(1-ethoxyvinyl)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-yl)-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanesulfonamide (9)

To a solution of ethyl vinyl ether (7 mL, 73 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added dropwise a solution of 1.7 M t-BuLi in pentane (26 mL, 44 mmol) at −78° C. under nitrogen. After 10 min, the reaction mixture was cooled in an ice bath and stirred for 45 min. To a solution of N-(5′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanesulfonamide (2) (1.3508 g, 2.86 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added a solution of -ethoxyvinyllithium, obtained as described above, at −78° C. under nitrogen via a cannula. After 2 h, LC-MS indicated the disappearance of starting material. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NaHCO₃ (5 mL) and saturated brine (20 mL) and then vigorously stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was extracted three times with EtOAc. The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporated. The crude product 9 (1.7654 g) was directly used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS t_(R)=2.43 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 544, 546 (MH⁺), 480, 482.

Step 3. ethyl 6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate (10)

To a solution of NaIO₄ (5.9503 g, 27.82 mmol) in water (40 mL) was added RuCl₃ hydrate (0.0526 g, 0.25 mmol) followed by a solution of crude N-(6′-bromo-β-(1-ethoxyvinyl)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-yl)-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanesulfonamide (9) (1.0894 g), obtained as described above, in EtOAc (60 mL). The resulting mixture was vigorously stirred at room temperature for 30 min and LC-MS indicated the disappearance of starting material. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted twice with EtOAc. The combined organic layers was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford ethyl 6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate (10) (0.5329 g, 50% in two steps). LC-MS t_(R)=2.27 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 568, 570 (MNa⁺), 333, 335; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.41-4.25 (m, 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.08-3.02 (m, 2H), 2.80 (d, J=15.8 Hz, 1H), 2.16-2.04 (m, 3H), 1.91-1.87 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.72 (m, 1H), 1.40-1.22 (m, 7H), 0.95-0.88 (m, 1H), 0.80-0.72 (m, 1H), 0.65-0.57 (m, 1H), −0.17 (s, 9H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 170.13, 142.21, 140.91, 132.97, 132.25, 126.52, 119.45, 78.49, 75.10, 61.87, 55.79, 53.06, 50.92, 38.15, 28.64, 28.38, 28.33, 27.82, 14.18, 9.98, −2.28.

Step 4. ethyl 1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate (7)

A mixture of ethyl 6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate (10) (0.2229 g, 0.41 mmol) and CsF (0.7893 g, 5.20 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was heated at 110° C. for 24 h. The mixture was diluted with MeOH, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was extracted with Et₂O, filtered through Celite® 545, and evaporated. The crude product was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford ethyl 1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate (6) (165.8 mg, 82%) as a TFA salt; LC-MS t_(R)=1.17 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 382, 384 (MH), 365, 367, 333, 335; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.47-7.45 (m, 2H), 7.22 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.18 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.14-3.07 (m, 2H), 2.96 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.00-1.97 (m, 2H), 1.55-1.52 (m, 2H), 1.46-1.21 (m, 4H), 1.14 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 3H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 169.72, 143.43, 140.85, 134.40, 128.80, 128.11, 121.64, 79.44, 75.09, 64.34, 56.10, 52.49, 40.03, 31.05, 29.50, 29.44, 28.87, 14.24.

Example I-15 Chiral Synthesis of (1r,1′S,4S)-ethyl 1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate (14)

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 11

The titled compound was synthesized according to the method described in Example I-13 step 1, compound 11 in similar yield starting from compound 3 and (R_(S))-tert-butylsulfinamide.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 12

To a solution of compound ethoxy-ethene (7.25 g, 0.101 mol) in anhydrous THF (100 mL) at −78° C. under a N₂ atmosphere was added dropwise of t-BuLi (63 mL, 0.10 mol, 1.6 M in hexane) and stirred for 20 min. The resulting mixture was then stirred at 0° C. for another 45 min. To the solution obtained formerly at −78° C. was added dropwise of compound 11 (8.24 g, 0.02 mol) in anhydrous THF (300 mL) and stirred for 2.5 h. The reaction was quenched with sat. NH₄Cl (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×50 mL). The organic phase was concentrated to give the residue which was purified by column on silica gel (petroleum/ethyl acetate=10/1) and further purified by preparative HPLC (basic) to give compound 12 (5.2 g, 65%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.351 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 484.1, 486.1 [M+H]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=3.76 min in 15 min chromatography, ee=100%. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.37-7.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.07-7.09 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (s, 1H), 4.31-4.32 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.23 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 1H), 3.80-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.04-3.09 (m, 1H), 2.96-2.99 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.56-2.60 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.04 (s, 1H), 1.86-1.94 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.34-1.37 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.27-1.16 (m, 3H), 1.00 (s, 9H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 13

Compound 12 (5.0 g, 10.33 mmol) was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=5:1 (100 mL) and pyridine (20 mL) was added, the mixture was chilled to −78° C. and ozone was bubbled through the mixture for 20 min, the mixture changed from colorless to blue, TLC showed that the reaction was completed. The mixture was purged with N₂ and treated with Me₂S at −78° C., then allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. The solvent was removed in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum/ethyl acetate=3/1) to give compound 13 (4.5 g, 90%) as a white solid and one portion of the crude product was further purified by preparative HPLC (basic) to give compound 3 (43.30 mg) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.316 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 486.1, 488.1 [M+H]⁺.SFC: t_(R)=4.37 min in 15 min chromatography, ee=100%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.77-7.78 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.48-7.51 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23-7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.24-4.39 (m, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.07-3.14 (d, J=27.2 Hz, 2H), 2.72-2.76 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.11-2.14 (m, 1H), 1.94-2.00 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.44 (m, 6H), 1.17 (s, 9H), 0.98-1.09 (m, 1H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 14

To a solution of compound 13 (4.5 g, 9.26 mmol) in MeOH (25 mL) was added a 4 M HCl solution in dioxane (10 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred for 30 min. LC-MS shown no starting material left and product was about 70% purity. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give crude product 14 (3.0 g, 85%) as a colorless oil; the residue was used for next step without further purification and one portion of the crude product was further purified by preparative HPLC (basic) to give 14 (39.70 mg) as a colorless oil. LC-MS t_(R)=0.894 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 404.1, 406.1 [M+Na]SFC: t_(R)=6.25 min in 15 min chromatography, ee=100%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.48 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.40 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.18 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.12-4.19 (m, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.14-3.22 (m, 1H), 2.92-3.03 (q, J=15.6 Hz, 14.0 Hz, 2H), 2.02-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.66 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.51 (m, 5H), 1.20-1.23 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

Example I-16 Chiral Synthesis of (1r,1′R,4R)-ethyl 1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate (18)

The titled compound was synthesized as described in Example I-15. LC-MS t_(R)=0.894 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 404.1, 406.1 [M+Na]⁺. SFC: t_(R)=6.25 min in 15 min chromatography, ee=100%. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.48 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.37-7.40 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.18 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.12-4.19 (m, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.14-3.22 (m, 1H), 2.92-3.03 (q, J=15.6 Hz, 14.0 Hz, 2H), 2.02-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.58-1.66 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.51 (m, 5H), 1.20-1.23 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

Example I-17 Synthesis of Methyl 1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate

Step 1. Preparation of (S)-2-((5′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)amino)-2-phenylethanol

A mixture of cis-6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (2.0105 g, 6.50 mmol), (S)-(+)-2-phenylglycinol (0.9290 g, 6.77 mmol), and p-TsOH monohydrate (0.0640 g, 0.34 mmol) in toluene was refluxed with a Dean-Stark trap for 2 d and LC-MS indicated about 70% conversion of starting material. After removal of the solvent at reduced pressure, the crude product was directly used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.27 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 428, 430 (MH⁺).

Step 2. Preparation of 6′-bromo-1′-(((S)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)amino)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carbonitrile

A solution of (S)-2-((5′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-3′(1′1H)-ylidene)amino)-2-phenylethanol, obtained as described above, in dry CH₂Cl₂ (8 mL) was cooled with ice-water, and then TMSCN (1.8 mL, 13.5 mmol) and dry MeOH (3.6 mL) were added. The cooling bath was removed, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. After removal of the solvent at reduced pressure, the crude product was directly used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS t_(R)=2.02 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 455, 457 (MH⁺)

Step 3. Preparation of methyl 6′-bromo-1′-(((S)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)amino)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate

The 6′-bromo-1′-(((S)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)amino)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carbonitrile, obtained as described above, was dissolved in 40 mL of saturated methanolic HCl. The resulting mixture was heated at 100° C. for 18 h. The methanol was evaporated and the residue was diluted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with saturated NaHCO₃, water, and brine, respectively, and dried over Na₂SO₄. After removal of the solvent, the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 0.2166 g (7%) of amino esters as a mixture of diastereomers, and recovered 1.5226 g (75%) of cis-6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one.

The amino esters was further purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford methyl 6′-bromo-1′-(((S)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)amino)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.96 min in 3 min chromatography, t_(R)=9.49 (major), 9.99 (minor) min in 16 min chromatography as a ratio of (93:7), m/z 488, 490 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.21-6.95 (m, 8H), 4.17 (dd, J=10, 4 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (s, 3H), 3.65 (dd, J=11, 4 Hz, 1H), 3.45 (t, J=10 Hz, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.18-3.01 (m, 3H), 2.29-2.15 (m, 2H), 1.93-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.39-1.27 (m, 3H), 0.99-0.93 (m, 1H).

Step 4. methyl 1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate

To a solution of methyl 6′-bromo-1′-(((S)-2-hydroxy-1-phenylethyl)amino)-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate (0.0180 g, 0.03 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (3 mL) and MeOH (1.5 mL) was added Pb(OAc)₄ (0.0500 g, 0.11 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred for 2 h. After the solvents were evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford 0.0136 g (94%) of methyl 1′-amino-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.11 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 368, 370 (MH), 351, 353, 319, 321; ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.57-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.31 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.25-3.15 (m, 2H), 3.04 (d, J=16 Hz, 1H), 2.09-2.06 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.29 (m, 6H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 170.36, 143.46, 140.64, 134.50, 128.89, 128.09, 121.70, 79.44, 75.22, 56.11, 54.06, 52.58, 39.97, 31.11, 29.52, 29.44, 28.88.

Example 366 Synthesis of Compound 429

Step 1: Preparation of Isothiocyanide 2

Crude compound 1 (0.13 mmol) was added to a solution of NaHCO₃ (714 mg, 8.5 mmol) in H₂O (10 mL) and DCM (1 mL) which was chilled at 0° C., to this stirred mixture was added thiophosgene (12 μL, 18.4 mg, 0.16 mmol) and stirred for 30 h at ° C., then another portion of thiophosgene (8 μL, 0.11 mmol). The reaction was diluted with DCM and the separated organic phase was washed with saturated brine and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and concentrated to produce the desired product (1s,4s)-ethyl 6′-bromo-1′-isothiocyanato-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate (2) as an oil.

Step 2: Preparation of Thiohydantoin 3

To a solution of (1s,4s)-ethyl 6′-bromo-1′-isothiocyanato-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate (2) obtained in previous step in THF (3 mL) was added tert-butylamine (0.2 mL), and stirred for 12 h. The reaction was diluted with EA washed with 1 M HCl, brine, and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in toluene (3 mL) and refluxed 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness. The residue was used for next step without further purification. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in DCM (2 mL) and hexane (2 mL) and evaporated to afford 209 mg of 6-bromo-β-methyl-2-phenyl-2′-thioxo-2′,3′-dihydro-1′H-spiro[chroma N-4,4′-pyrimidin]-6′(5′H)-one (3) as a white foam. This product was used for next without further purification. MS ESI+ve m/z 451 (M+H)³⁰.

Step 3: Preparation of Acylguanidine 4

To the solution of above crude product in 7 M NH₃ solution in MeOH (8 mL) was added tBuO₂H solution (5 M in nonane, 1 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred overnight before diluted with EA, then washed with 5% NaHSO₃, and brine successively, and dried over Na₂SO₄. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to afford the desired product 2.51 mg as TFA salt. MS ESI+ve m/z 434 (M+H)³⁰. t_(R): 1.60 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 7.51 (dd, J=8.4, 2.0, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.18 (m, 1H), 3.12 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.05 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.68 (s, 9H), 1.48-1.27 (m, 5H).

Example 367 Synthesis of Compound 430

The title compound was made by the method described in example 27. MS ESI+ve m/z 457 (M+H)³⁰. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.71-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.62 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.21 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.19 (m, 1H), 3.13 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.11 (m, 1H), 2.01 (m, 1H), 1.92 (m, 1H), 1.69 (s, 9H), 1.48-1.42 (m, 3H), 1.37-1.29 (m, 2H).

Example 368 Synthesis of Compound 431

Step 1

A mixture of (1s,4s)-ethyl 6′-bromo-1′-isothiocyanato-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate (110 mg, 0.26 mmol) and oxetaN-3-amine (80 mg, 1.09 mmol) was stirred at room temperature for 2 h and concentrated to dry give the desired product. MS ESI+ve m/z 451 (M+H)³⁰.

Step 2

To the solution of above crude product (35 mg, 0.078 mmol) in 7 M NH₃ solution in MeOH (3 mL) was added tBuO₂H solution (5 M in nonane, 0.6 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred overnight before diluted with EA, then washed with 5% NaHSO₃, and brine successively, and dried over Na₂SO₄. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to afford the desired product 6.3 mg as TFA salt. MS ESI+ve m/z 434 (M+H)³⁰. t_(R): 1.24 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 7.53 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 7.31 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.26 (m, 1H), 5.14 (m, 2H), 4.86 (m, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.17 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 3.16 (m, 1H), 3.08 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 1H), 2.08 (m, 1H), 2.01 (m, 1H), 1.92 (m, 1H), 1.69 (s, 9H), 1.52 (dd, J=13.6, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 1.47-1.41 (m, 2H), 1.36-1.28 (m, 2H).

Example 369 Synthesis of Compound 432

General Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To compound 1 (200 mg, 0.523 mmol) was added CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL), H₂O (10 mL) and NaHCO₃ (439 mg, 5.23 mmol). To this stirred mixture was added thiophosgene (144 mg, 1.26 mmol.) was added. The mixture was stirred for 50 min, LC-MS shown no starting material left. After extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL), washed with brine (2×10 mL), dried and solvent was removed under reduced pressure to give crude compound 2 (200 mg, 90%) as a yellow oil, which was used for next step without further purification.

General Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (50 mg, 0.118 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added compound 2A (24 mg, 0.236 mmol). The mixture was stirred overnight at r.t., LC-MS showed the reaction was completed. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL) and washed with 1 M HCl (2×5 mL) to remove excess amine, followed by saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (2×10 mL) and brine (2×10 mL) washing. Solvent was removed after dried over Na₂SO₄ to give crude compound 3 (50 mg, 88%) as a yellow oil. The residue was used for next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 432

To a solution of compound 3 (50 mg, 0.104 mmol) in MeOH (5 ml) and NH₄OH (1 ml) was added a solution of t-BuO₂H (289 mg, 2.09 mmol, 65% in water). The mixture was stirred overnight and evaporated to remove solvent. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (basic) to give compound 432 (7.0 mg, 15%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.962 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) MS (ESI) m/z 462.1, 464.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.41-7.43 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23-7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (s, 1H), 3.99-4.08 (m, 3H), 3.43-3.49 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.14-3.17 (m, 1H), 3.00-3.08 (m, 2H), 2.38-2.58 (m, 2H), 1.89-2.05 (m, 3H), 1.56-1.63 (m, 3H), 1.29-1.43 (m, 4H).

Example 370 Synthesis of Compound 433

1. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 2 (50 mg, 0.118 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added compound 2B (31 mg, 0.236 mmol) and Et₃N (24 mg, 0.236 mmol). The mixture was stirred overnight at r.t., LC-MS showed only have intermediate, EtONa (16 mg, 0.236 mmol) was added, the mixture was stirred overnight at r.t., LC-MS showed the reaction completed, the reaction was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL) and washed with 1 M HCl (2×5 mL) to remove excess amine, followed by saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (2×10 mL) and brine (2×10 mL) washing. Solvent was removed after dried over Na₂SO₄ to give crude compound 4 (50 mg, 97%) as a yellow oil. The residue was used for next step without further purification.

2. Procedure for Preparation of Compound 433

To a solution of compound 4 (50 mg, 0.114 mmol) in MeOH (5 ml) and NH₄OH (1 ml) was added a solution of t-BuO₂H (317 mg, 2.28 mmol, 65% in water). The mixture was stirred overnight and evaporated to remove solvent. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (basic) to give compound 433 (10.0 mg, 22%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.971 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 421.1, 423.1 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.40-7.42 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23-7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.11-3.20 (m, 1H), 2.98-3.09 (m, 2H), 2.87-2.91 (d, J=16.0 Hz, 6H), 1.92-2.06 (m, 3H), 1.64-1.71 (m, 1H), 1.28-1.42 (m, 4H).

Example 371 Synthesis of Compound 434

The titled compound as a white solid was synthesized as described in Example 369, starting from compound 2 and 1-methylpiperidin-4-amine. LC-MS t_(R)=0.717 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 475.2, 477.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.40-7.42 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.24 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 3.87 (m, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 1H), 3.02-3.04 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.96-2.98 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.61 (m, 2H), 2.29 (s, 3H), 1.89-2.16 (m, 6H), 1.56-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.26-1.42 (m, 3H).

Example 372 Synthesis of Compound 435

Step 1

To chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (1.6 mL, 2.60 g, 18.38 mmol) in toluene (8 mL) was added formic acid (0.69 mL, 846 mg, 18.38 mmol) dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 10 min at room temperature and concentrated to dry to afford sulfamoyl chloride, which was used without purification.

To a solution of alcohol (226 mg, 0.69 mmol) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (3 mL) at 0° C. under N₂ atmosphere was added sulfamoyl chloride (241 mg, 2.08 mmol, 3 eq.). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was diluted with EA and washed with H₂O, and brine successively, and dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and evaporated under reduced pressure to afford the crude product, which was used for next step without future purification.

Step 2

To a solution of above crude product in dry DCM (10 mL) under N₂ atmosphere was added MgO (64 mg, 1.59 mmol, 2.3 eq.), Rh₂(OAc)₄ (11 mg, 3.6 mmol %) and PhI(OAc)₂ (244 mg, 0.76 mmol, 1.1 eq.). The resulting mixture was stirred for 3 h at room temperature, then filtered through a short pad of MgSO₄ and washed with DCM. The filtrate was evaporated and residue was purified by silica gel column and eluted with EA/hexane (0-60%) to afford the desired product 168 mg as white solid.

Step 3

To a solution of above product (138 mg, 0.34 mmol) in DCM (8 mL) at room temperature was added allyl iodide (0.4 mL), Bu₄NCl (16 mg, 0.058 mmol) and 40% NaOH (3 mL). The reaction mixture was extracted with DCM after stirred overnight. The organic phase was washed with H₂O, brine successively, and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and concentrated to dryness to produce the desired product.

Step 4

To a solution of tert-butyl hydroxy(methyl)carbamate (600 mg, 4.08 mmol, prepared according the procedure described in Org. Lett 2007, 9, 4009) in anhydrous DMF (2.5 mL) at room temperature under N₂ atmosphere was added NaH (60%, 163 mg, 4.08 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 15 min, then a solution of above crude product in anhydrous DMF (1.5 mL) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred 16 h. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NH₄Cl and extracted with EA, the separated organic phase was washed with H₂O, brine successively, and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and concentrated to dryness. The residue was used for next step without further purification. MS ESI+ve m/z 509 (M+H)³⁰.

Step 5

A solution of above product and RhCl₃ nH₂O in EtOH (5 mL) was refluxed for 3 h and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in 20% TFA in DCM and stirred for 30 min. The reaction was concentrated and purified by preparative HPLC to afford the desire product as TFA salt. It was dissolved in DCM and washed with aqueous NaHCO₃ and bring, and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and concentrated to dryness to afford 4.5 mg of the desire product as free amine. MS ESI+ve m/z 369 (M+H)³⁰.

Step 6

To a solution of above product (4.5 mg, 0.012 mmol) in EtOH (3 mL) was added a solution of cyanogen bromide (0.2 M in THF, 0.2 mL, 0.04 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC to afford the desire product as TFA salt. MS ESI+ve m/z 394 (M+H)³⁰. t_(R): 1.31 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 7.52 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (dd, J=7.6, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 4.09 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.17 (m, 1H), 3.06 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.85 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.70 (dd, J=13.6, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 1.61 (td, J=13.6, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 1.51-1.29 (m, 4H).

Example 373 Synthesis of Compound 436

Step 1

To a solution of (1s,4s)-6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (353 mg, 1.14 mmol) in anhydrous THF (8 mL) at −78° C. was added a solution of vinylmagnesiun bromide in THF (1 M, 5.7 mL, 5.7 mmol) dropwise. The reaction temperature was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for another 1 h. The reaction was chilled to 0° C. and quenched with sat. aq. NH₄Cl and extracted with ethyl ether (2×20 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with H₂O, brine, and dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified through flash chromatography on silica gel to afford 320 mg of (1r,4r)-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′-vinyl-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′-ol. MS ESI+ve m/z 319 (M+H-H₂O)'.

Step 2

The mixture of (1r,4r)-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′-vinyl-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′-ol (162 mg, 0.48 mmol) and thiourea (55 mg, 0.72 mmol) in HOAc (3 mL) and 1 M HCl (1.2 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 20 min then 40° C. for 12 h. The solvents was removed under reduced pressure to give 252 mg of a mixture of 2-((1r,4r)-5′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)ethyl carbamimidothioate HCl salt and thiourea. It was used for next step without purification. MS ESI+ve m/z 395 (M+H)³⁰.

Step 3

Above mixture of 2-((1r,4r)-5′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)ethyl carbamimidothioate HCl salt and thiourea (98 mg, ca. 0.187 mmol) was dissolved in TFA (1.5 mL) contain MeSO₃H (0.15 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate and washed with sat NaHCO₃. The separated aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate once and the combined organic phases were washed with brine, and dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to afford 69 mg of the desired product as TFA salt. MS ESI+ve m/z 395 (M+H)³⁰. t_(R): 1.25 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 7.50-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.25 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.39-3.18 (m, 3H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.03 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.96 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.48 (m, 1H), 2.34 (m, 1H), 2.07 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.51 (m, 4H), 1.43-1.32 (m, 2H).

Example 374 Synthesis of Compound 437

A mixture of compound 436 (15.9 mg, 0.03 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (20 mg, 0.14 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (60 mg, 0.18 mmol) and a catalytic amount of PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ in 1,4-dioxane (3 mL) and H₂O (0.2 mL) was heated at 110° C. in microwave oven for 15 min and 130° C. in microwave oven for another 10 min. 10 mL of water was added and extracted with EA, the separated organic phase was washed with brine, and dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified through preparative HPLC to give the desired product. MS ESI+ve m/z 418 (M+H)³⁰. t_(R): 1.37 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.94 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.67-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.46 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.36 (m, 1H), 3.23 (m, 2H), 2.5-2.44 (m, 2H), 2.10 (m, 2H), 2.07 (m, 2H), 1.66-1.56 (m, 4H), 1.45-1.39 (m, 2H).

Example 375 Synthesis of Compound 438

A mixture of compound 436 (41 mg, 0.08 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (72 mg, 0.22 mmol) and a catalytic amount of PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ in toluene (3 mL) was de-gased and purged with N₂ 3 times, then, followed by adding tributyl(cyclopropylethynyl)stannane (43 mg, 0.12 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated at 130° C. in microwave oven for 10 min. The reaction was diluted with EA, washed with aqueous CsF solution, and brine successively, and dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified through preparative HPLC to give the desired product. MS ESI+ve m/z 381 (M+H)³⁰. t_(R): 1.47 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 7.32 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.24 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.35-3.18 (m, 3H), 3.05 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.98 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.46 (m, 1H), 2.33 (m, 1H), 2.07 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.34 (m, 7H), 0.88 (m, 2H), 0.71 (m, 2H).

Example 376 Synthesis of Compound 439

The titled compound was synthesized as described in Example 373 starting from compound 1. LC-MS t_(R)=0.772 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 397, 399 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.53 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J=2.0, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.27-3.37 (m, 6H), 2.49-2.60 (m, 2H), 2.00-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.47 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.69 (m, 5H).

Example 377 Synthesis of Compound 440

A solution containing compound 1A (19 mg, 0.126 mmol) and compound 1 (50 mg, 0.126 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (3.2 mL), and aqueous Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 1.5 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (5 mg, 0.006 mmol) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 120° C. for 35 min. TLC showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (hexane: EtOAc=5:1) and preparative HPLC to give product compound 440 (1.0 mg, 2%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.965 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 420 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.69 (m, 2H), 7.52 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (m, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 6.86 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.20 (m, 2H), 2.98-3.10 (m, 1H), 1.94-2.03 (m, 4H), 1.59-1.77 (m, 5H), 1.18 (m, 1H).

Example 378 Synthesis of Compound 441

The titled compound was synthesized as described in Example 373 starting from compound 1. LC-MS t_(R)=0.923 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 427, 429 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.46 (dd, J=1.6, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (m, 4H), 3.18 (m, 2H), 3.11 (m, 2H), 2.92-3.02 (m, 2H), 2.63 (m, 2H), 2.42 (m, 1H), 2.27 (m, 1H), 1.77 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.50 (m, 2H).

Example 379 Synthesis of Compound 442

The titled compound was synthesized as described in Example 377, in 26% yield starting from compound 1 and 1A. LC-MS t_(R)=1.121 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 450 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.98 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.66 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (m, 4H), 3.41 (m, 2H), 3.27 (m, 2H), 3.06-3.16 (m, 2H), 3.74 (m, 2H), 3.48-3.61 (m, 2H), 1.94 (m, 2H), 1.55-1.66 (m, 2H).

Example 380 Synthesis of Compounds 443 and 444

Step 1

To a solution of (1s,4s)-6′-bromo-4-methoxy-1′-methylene-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene] (10.3 mg, 0.034 mmol), I₂ (20 mg, 0.104 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added KSCN (16.5 mg, 0.17 mmol), catalytic amount of tetrabutylammonium chloride and H₂O (0.1 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and quenched with 10% NaHSO₃ and extracted with DCM once. The separated organic phase was washed with brine, and dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to generate the crude product (1r,4r)-6′-bromo-1′-(iodomethyl)-1′-isothiocyanato-4-methoxy-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene], which was used for next step without further purification.

Step 2

To a solution of above crude product in THF (3 mL) was added tert-butylamine (5 mg, 7 μL, 0.068 mmol). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature and concentrated. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give 8 mg of the desired product. MS ESI+ve m/z 437 (M+H)³⁰.

Step 3

Above product in concentrated HCl (2 mL) was refluxed for 60-90 min. The reaction was cool to room temperature and diluted with EA, neutralized with K₂CO₃, washed with brine, and dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give 1.7 mg of compound 443 and 3 mg of compound 444. Compound 443: MS ESI+ve m/z 367 (M+H)³⁰. t_(R): 1.07 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 7.70 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.05 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 3.64 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 3.54 (m, 1H), 3.03 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.97 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 1.92 (m, 2H), 1.64 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.42 (m, 4H).

Compound 444

MS ESI+ve m/z 381 (M+H)³⁰. t_(R): 1.27 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD): 7.70 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (dd, J=8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 4.05 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 3.65 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, 1H), 3.02 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.97 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 2.06 (m, 2H), 1.67-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.54-1.52 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.33 (m, 2H).

Example 381 Synthesis of Compound 445

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 1

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 1A (3.0 g, 9.7 mmol), KCN (1.4 g, 21.5 mmol) and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (9.5 g, 98.9 mmol) in formamide (60 mL). The mixture was heated at 120° C. for 72 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled and poured onto ice, then was extracted with ethyl acetate:isopropanol=3:1 (200 mL×3). The combined organic fractions were washed with brine (200 mL×2). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was washed with a mixed solvent of petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=10:1 (50 mL×2) to give compound 1 (2.4 g, 68%) as a yellow solid with 70% purity on LC-MS, which was used for the next step without purification. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.69 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=379.25 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 1 (0.8 g, 1.41 mmol), 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-iodo-ethane (1.5 g, 7.14 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (1.0 g, 7.24 mmol) in DMF (30 mL). The mixture was heated at 80° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 2 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled and poured into brine (100 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL×3). The separated organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo, the resulting residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=20:1 to 3:1 to give compound 2 (0.60 g, 92%) as a pale yellow solid.

LC-MS: t_(R)=2.02 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=461.5 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A sealed tube was charged with a mixture of compound 2 (0.20 g, 0.43 mmol), Lawessons's reagent (0.20 g, 0.48 mmol) in dioxane (2 mL) was heated to 150° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 1 h. After cooling down, the precipitate was filtered off and washed with Ethyl acetate (20 mL×2). The filtrate and the washing were concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1 to give compound 3 (0.15 g, 73%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (0.15 g, 0.31 mmol) in anhydrous THF (2 mL) was added BH₃.THF (1 M in THF, 20 mL, 20 mmol) at room temperature. After addition, the mixture was stirred at reflux for 72 h. After cooling down, the mixture was quenched with methanol (20 mL) carefully, then was concentrated under vacuum and the residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL). The mixture was washed with 1 N NaOH (10 mL) and brine (20 mL×2) in turn. The separated organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=5:1 to give compound 4 (60 mg, 42%) as a white solid with 59% purity on LC-MS, which was used directly in next step directly. LC-MS: t_(R)=2.15 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=463.4 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (60 mg, 0.13 mmol) in EtOH (4 mL) was added NH₃—H₂O (1 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (0.20 g, 2.22 mol). After addition, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. H₂O (20 mL) was added to the residue, and the resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (contained 10% methanol) (20 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL×2), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered off the solid and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product, which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1 to give compound 5 with 76% purity (50 mg, 86%) as a white solid, which was used directly in next step. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.62 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=446.0 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

A mixture of compound 5 (50 mg, 0.11 mmol, 76% purity), tent-Butyl dicarbonate (48 mg, 0.22 mmol) and DMAP (27 mg, 0.22 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo, the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=2:1 to give compound 6 (30 mg, 50%) as a white solid. LC-MS: 699-091-1B, t_(R)=2.06 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=546.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 445

A mixture of compound 6 (10 mg, 0.018 mmol), 3-chloro-5-fluoro benzeneboronic acid (6 mg, 0.034 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.2 mL) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (1 mg) in 1,4-dioxane (0.5 mL) under nitrogen was stirred at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 30 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified preparative TLC and then preparative HPLC to give compound 445 with 98% purity (3.4 mg, 38%). ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.55-7.65 (dd, J=2.0, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.50-7.55 (s, 1H), 7.40-7.45 (s, 1H), 7.35-7.40 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.20 (m, 1H), 4.25-4.30 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.20-4.25 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H) 4.10-4.20 (d, J=10.4 Hz, 1H), 3.80-3.90 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 3.20-3.25 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.15 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (s, 2H), 1.95-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.60 (m, 3H), 1.20-1.40 (m, 3H). LC-MS t_(R)=1.85 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=496.1 [M+H]⁺.

HRMS: MS (ESI) m/z=496.1764 [M+H]⁺.

Example 382 Synthesis of Compound 446

A mixture of compound 6 (10 mg, 0.018 mmol) in HCl/dioxane (2 mL, 4 M in dioxane) was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified preparative HPLC to give compound 446 with 93% purity (1.1 mg, 14%). ¹H NMR: (300 MHz): δ 7.45-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.30 (m, 1H), 4.25-4.30 (d, J=11.6 Hz, 1H), 4.20-4.25 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 1H) 4.10-4.20 (d, J=13.6 Hz, 1H), 3.75-3.85 (d, J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 3.35-3.40 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.25 (m, 1H), 2.85-3.00 (s, 2H), 1.95-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.60 (m, 3H), 1.25-1.45 (m, 3H). LC-MS: t_(R)=1.65 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=466.1 [M+H]⁺.

Example 383 Synthesis of Compounds 447 and 448

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 10B

To a solution of 2-(5-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(trimethylsilyloxy)acetonitril (25.0 g, 82.7 mmol) in anhydrous THF (150 mL) was added LiHMDS (1.0 M in THF, 91.0 mL, 91.0 mmol) dropwise via an addition funnel at −78° C. under nitrogen. After 1.5 h, a solution of 4-oxopiperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (18.1 g, 91.0 mmol) in anhydrous THF was added dropwise via an addition funnel at −78° C. under nitrogen. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 3 h. 1 N HCl (200 mL) was added via an addition funnel at −78° C. carefully. After that, the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and kept at this temperature overnight. The mixture was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×150 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×200 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (eluent:petroleum ether:EtOAc=50:1 to 10:1) to give pure compound 10B (32.0 g, 77% yield) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 10

10 Sealed tubes were charged with compound 10B (3.2 g, 6.59 mmol), THF (10 mL) and t-BuOK (0.81 g, 7.25 mmol) in each of them. These tubes were heated at 70° C. for 30 min in a CEM microwave reactor parallelly. After cooling down, all the reactions were quenched by addition of 10 mL H₂O in each of them and combined and separated, the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×100 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=100:1 to 10:1 to give compound 10 (15.0 g, 60%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 13

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 10 (3 g, 7.8 mmol), KCN (1.02 g, 15 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (5.65 g, 58 mmol) and formamide (30 mL) and the mixture was heated at 100° C. for 72 h. The reaction mixture was cooled and poured into ice, then was filtrated to collect the solid, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and was washed with water (2×50 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the crude product which was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc (10:1 to 3:1) to give compound 13 (0.7 g, 20%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 300 MHz): δ 8.20 (s, 1H), 7.31 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.40-1.97 (m, 8H), 1.24-1.29 (s, 9H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 14

To a solution of compound 13 (400 mg, 0.88 mmol) in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) was added Lawesson's Reagent (393.2 mg, 0.97 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 30 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc=3:1 to afford compound 14 (100 mg, 24%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.335 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 490 [M+Na]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 15

To a solution of compound 14 (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) was added HCl/dioxane (4.0 M, 2 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h, the solvent was removed in vacuo to give compound 15 (30 mg, 76%), which was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS: t_(R)=0.872 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 368 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 16

To a solution of compound 15 (30 mg, 0.08 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (2 mL) was added Ac₂O (8.3 mg, 0.08 mmol), Et₃N (16.4 mg, 0.16 mmol) and DMAP (0.09 mg, 0.008 mmol) under nitrogen at 0° C. After stirring at 0° C. for 2 h, water (5 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 16 (25 mg, 75%), which was used in the next step without further purification. LCMS: t_(R)=1.097 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 410 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 17

To a solution of compound 16 (25 mg, 0.06 mmol) in CH₃CN (2 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (16.5 mg, 0.12 mmol), and MeI (17.6 mg, 0.12 mmol) under nitrogen, the mixture was heated at 60° C. for 10 min and at 100° C. for another 10 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was filtered off, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with hexane:EtOAc=3:1 to give compound 17 (20 mg, 76%) as a white solid. LCMS: t_(R)=1.097 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 410 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 447

A solution of compound 17 (20 mg, 0.046 mmol), NH₄I (68 mg, 0.46 mmol) in NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 3 h. After being cooled, the mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with dichloromethane:methanol=10:1 and preparative HPLC to give compound 447 (8 mg, 43%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.41 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 6.86 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.88 (m, 2H), 3.54 (m, 2H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 1.89-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.79 (m, 2H). LCMS: t_(R)=1.410 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 407 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 448

To a solution of compound 447 (7 mg, 0.017 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) were added 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (3.78 mg, 0.025 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.2 mL) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (0.1 mg, 0.00017 mmol) under nitrogen, the mixture was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 15 min, LCMS analysis showed the complete consumption of compound compound 447. Water (2 mL) was added and the mixture was filtered through a pad of celite, then was washed with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the crude product which was purified by preparative TLC on silica gel eluting with dichloromethane:methanol=10:1 followed by preparative HPLC to afford compound 448 (1.2 mg, 16%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 3H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 6.93 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.75-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.01 (s, 3H), 2.0 (s, 3H), 1.72-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.56 (m, 2H). LCMS: t_(R)=1.558 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 430.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 384 Synthesis of Compound 449

Step 1: Preparation of 3-acetyl-6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione

To a suspension of 6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione (545.6 mg, 1.86 mmol) and Ac₂O (3 mL) which was stirred at room temperature was added BF₃.Et₂O (1 mL) was added dropwise. The mixture color turned dark brown within several minutes. The reaction mixture was quenched with ice-water after being stirred overnight, and stirred another 1 h before diluted with EA. It was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ and brine successively, and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and evaporated to produce 580 mg of brown foam. The brown foam was dissolved in MeOH (6 mL). To this solution was added a solution of NaOAc (610 mg, 7.44 mmol) in H₂O (1 mL). The mixture was heated to reflux for 3 h. Organic solvent was removed under reduced pressure before re-dissolved in EA (60 mL). The resulting solution was washed with H₂O and brine successively, and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and evaporated to produce dark oil, which was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel to afford 294.5 mg of the desired product as light yellow solid. MS ESI+ve m/z 335 (M+H)³⁰. t_(R): 1.86 min.

Step 2: Preparation of 6′-bromo-3-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-spiro[benzo[d]isoxazole-5,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one and 6′-bromo-3-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-spiro[benzo[c]isoxazole-5,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one

A mixture of 3-acetyl-6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione (41.5 mg, 0.124 mmol) and NH₂OH.HCl (26 mg, 0.374 mmol) and EtOH/THF (2/0.5 mL) charged in a 10-mL CEM microwave test tube was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 100° C. for 10 min. To this mixture was added 3-acetyl-6′-bromospiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-indene]-1′,4(3′H)-dione (41.5 mg, 0.124 mmol) solution in THF (0.5 mL) and NH₂OH.HCl (45 mg, 0.647 mmol). The mixture was heated to 110° C. for another 10 min in the CEM microwave reactor. NaHCO₃ (158 mg, 1.88 mmol) was added and stirred for 5 min before filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel to afford 70 mg of the desired product as a mixture with the ratio close 1:1. MS ESI+ve m/z 332 (M+H)³⁰. t_(R): 1.80 min.

Step 3: Preparation of N-(5′-bromo-3-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-spiro[benzo[c]isoxazole-5,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide and N-(5′-bromo-3-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-spiro[benzo[d]isoxazole-5,2′-indene]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of 6′-bromo-3-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-spiro[benzo[d]isoxazole-5,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one and 6′-bromo-3-methyl-6,7-dihydro-4H-spiro[benzo[c]isoxazole-5,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (ca 1:1 ration) (70 mg, 0.021 mmol) in anhydrous DCM (5 mL) under N2 atmosphere at room temperature was added TiCl₄ (1.0 M solution in DCM, 0.42 mL, 0.42 mmol) dropwise. The resulting yellow suspension was stirred for 1 h before bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (86 mg, 105 μL, 0.46 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight. TiCl₄ (1.0 M solution in DCM, 0.42 mL, 0.42 mmol) was added followed by bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (86 mg, 105 μL, 0.46 mmol). The mixture was stirred for another 16 h before quenched by ice-water. The mixture was stirred another 30 min and extracted with DCM 3 times, the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and evaporated to produce 76 mg of crude product, which was used for next step without further purification. MS ESI+ve m/z 356 (M+H)³⁰. t_(R): 1.80 min.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 449

To a suspension of above crude product in EtOH (3 mL) was added a solution of N-methylhydroxylamine (1.5 mL, prepared by adding 25 wt % NaOMe in MeOH (72 μL, 1.26 mmol) to a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (117 mg, 1.4 mmol) in EtOH (10 mL) being stirred for 5 min). After being stirred overnight, another portion of N-methylhydroxylamine (1.5 mL) was added followed by another same portion of N-methylhydroxylamine after 10 min. The mixture was stirred overnight and evaporated to dryness and purified by preparative HPLC to afford 80 mg of the desired product as TFA salt. MS ESI+ve m/z 403 (M+H)³⁰. t_(R): 1.27 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 7.72 (m, 1H), 7.60 (dd, J=8.4 Hz, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.37, 3.36, 3.35, 3.34 (four s, total 3H), 3.01-2.39 (m, 6H), 2.29, 2.25, 2.17, 2.13 (four s, total 3H), 2.30-1.87 (m, 2H).

Example 385 Synthesis of Compound 450

To a solution of compound 1 TFA salt (10 mg, 0.019 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (6 mg, 0.041 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (40 mg, 0.12 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (2 mL) and H₂O (0.1 mL) charged in a 10 mL CEM microwave test tube was added PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (2 mg, 0.0028 mmol), then the system was degassed by sweeping N₂. The tube was sealed and heated to 110° C. for 10 min in a CEM microwave reactor. Due to low conversion PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (2 mg, 0.0028 mmol), and 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (6 mg, 0.041 mmol) was added and heated at 110° C. for another 10 min in microwave reactor. Solvent was removed in vacuum and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to yield 5.7 mg of the desired product as a TFA salt. MS ESI+ve m/z 426 (M+H)³⁰. t_(R): 1.45 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 8.04 and 8.01 (tow s, total 1H), 7.98 and 7.93 (two d, J=8.0 Hz, total 1H), 7.85 and 7.84 (two s, total 1H), 7.81-7.63 (m, 3H), 7.44 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.39, 3.38, 3.36 and 3.35 (four s, 3H), 3.10-2.45 (m, 6H), 2.31, 2.26, 2.19 and 2.14 (four s, 3H), 2.32-1.91 (m, 2H).

Example 386 Synthesis of Compound 451

The title compound was made by the method described in example 385. MS ESI+ve m/z 402 (M+H)³⁰. t_(R): 1.07 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 9.20 (s, 1H), 8.88-8.83 (m, 2H), 8.12 (m, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.92 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.39, 3.38, 3.37 and 3.36 (four s, 3H), 3.13-2.44 (m, 6H), 2.30, 2.26, 2.19 and 2.14 (four s, 3H), 2.34-1.93 (m, 2H).

Example 387 Synthesis of Compound 452

The title compound was made by the method described in example 385. MS ESI+ve m/z 436 (M+H)³⁰. t_(R): 1.37 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 8.80 (s, 1H), 8.60 (s, 1H), 8.23 (s, 1H), 7.91 (s, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.39, 3.38, 3.36 and 3.35 (four s, 3H), 3.11-2.45 (m, 6H), 2.31, 2.26, 2.19 and 2.14 (four s, 3H), 2.32-1.91 (m, 2H).

Example 388 Synthesis of Compound 453

The title compound was made by the method described in example 385. MS ESI+ve m/z 453 (M+H)³⁰. t_(R): 1.74 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 7.82 (s, 1H), 7.75 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (s, 1H), 7.44-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.22 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.39, 3.38, 3.36 and 3.35 (four s, 3H), 3.09-2.45 (m, 6H), 2.30, 2.26, 2.19 and 2.14 (four s, 3H), 2.32-1.90 (m, 2H); ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: −112.29, −112.83, −112.85, −112.88.

Example 389 Synthesis of Compound 454

Step 1

A mixture of 6′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[7]annulene-7,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (50 mg, 0.147 mmol), K₃PO₄ (125 mg, 0.588 mmol), cyclopropylboronic acid (19 mg, 0.220 mmol), tricyclohexylphosphine (4.2 mg, 0.015 mmol, 10 mol %), toluene (3 mL), H₂O (0.15 mL) and Pd(OAc)₂ (3.4 mmol, 0.0147 mmol) charged in a 10-mL CEM microwave reactor was charged N₂. The mixture was heated at 110° C. for 70 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with EA and washed with H₂O and brine, and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and evaporated to produce the crude product, which was used for next step without further purification; MS ESI+ve m/z 303 (M+H)³⁰. t_(R): 2.30 min.

Step 2

To a solution of above crude product in anhydrous DCM (5 mL) under N₂ atmosphere at room temperature was added TiCl₄ (1.0 M solution in DCM, 0.42 mL, 0.42 mmol) dropwise. The resulting yellow suspension was stirred for 1 h before bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (86 mg, 105 μL, 0.46 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight. TiCl₄ (1.0 M solution in DCM, 0.65 mL, 0.65 mmol) was added followed by bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (137 mg, 167 μL, 0.735 mmol). The mixture was stirred for another 16 h before quenched by ice-water. The mixture was stirred another 30 min and extracted with DCM 3 times, the combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and filtered, and evaporated to produce the desired crude product, which was used for next step without further purification. MS ESI+ve m/z 327 (M+H)³⁰. t_(R): 2.29 min.

Step 3

To a suspension of above crude product in EtOH (3 mL) was added a solution of N-methylhydroxylamine (4.15 mL, prepared by adding 25 wt % NaOMe in MeOH (72 mL, 1.26 mmol) to a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (117 mg, 1.4 mmol) in EtOH (10 mL) being stirred for 5 min). After being stirred overnight, the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and purified by preparative HPLC to afford 54 mg of the desired product as TFA salt. MS ESI+ve m/z 374 (M+H)³⁰. t_(R): 1.78 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 7.52 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.07 (m, 4H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.34-2.94 (m, 4H), 2.81-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.49 (m, 5H), 1.05-0.95 (m, 2H), 0.68 (m, 2H).

Example 390 Synthesis of Compound 455

Step 1. 6′-bromo-5,7-dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one and 6′-bromo-2,4a,5,7-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged with 6′-bromospiro[cyclopent[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (0.3045 g, 1.16 mmol), 1,2,4,5-tetrazine (0.1120 g, 1.36 mmol), and toluene (5 mL). The tube was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 150° C. for 1 h. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford 0.0657 g (18%) of 6′-bromo-5,7-dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one, 0.0083 g (2%) of 6′-bromo-2,4a,5,7-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one, and recover 0.0550 g (18%) of 6′-bromospiro[cyclopent[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one.

For 6′-bromo-5,7-dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one, LC-MS t_(R)=1.35 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 315, 317 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 9.17 (s, 2H), 7.59-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.24 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 3.36 (d, J=17.9 Hz, 2H), 3.13 (d, J=17.9 Hz, 2H), 3.08 (s, 2H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 207.41, 152.76, 152.37, 148.80, 139.59, 137.86, 129.84, 128.04, 122.99, 57.87, 43.33, 42.33.

For 6′-bromo-2,4a,5,7-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one, LC-MS t_(R)=1.41 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 317, 319 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 9.22 (m, 1H), 9.14 (m, 1H), 7.86-7.85 (m, 1H), 7.74-7.71 (m, 1H), 7.43 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.37-3.30 (m, 1H), 2.95-2.71 (m, 4H), 2.22-2.16 (m, 1H), 1.90-1.84 (m, 1H).

Step 2. 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,7-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrile

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged with 6′-bromo-5,7-dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (0.0600 g, 0.19 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (0.1221 g, 0.83 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (0.2822 g, 0.87 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (4 mL), water (1 mL), and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (0.0360 g, 0.05 mmol). The tube was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 110° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH₂Cl₂ and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford 0.0386 g (60%) of 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,7-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrile. LC-MS t_(R)=1.43 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 338 (MH⁺).

Step 3. N-(5′-(3-cyanophenyl)-5,7-dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide

To a solution of 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,7-tetrahydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (0.0386 g, 0.11 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was added 0.5 mL of 1.0 M TiCl₄ in CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature. After 1.5 h, 0.4 mL of bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide was added to the yellow solution. The resulting mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 20 h. The mixture was quenched with ice, diluted with CH₂Cl₂, and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the crude product was directly used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.43 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 362 (MH⁺).

Step 4. Compound 455

A 50 mL flask was charged with 32 mL of EtOH, 0.8452 g of sodium methoxide (25 wt. % solution in MeOH), and 0.3707 g of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride. The suspension was filtered through HPLC filter and 10 mL of the filtrate was added to N-(5′-(3-cyanophenyl)-5,7-dihydrospiro[cyclopenta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide, obtained as described above. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford compound 455 as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.23 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 409 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 9.36 (m, 2H), 8.03-7.48 (m, 7H), 3.78 (d, J=16 Hz, 1H), 3.48 (d, J=16 Hz, 1H), 3.35-3.17 (m, 7H).

Example 391 Synthesis of Compounds 456 and 457

Step 1. 6-bromo-2,2-di(but-3-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one

To a stirred solution of 6-bromo-1-indanone (0.5330 g, 2.52 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL) was added NaH (0.3380 g, 60% in a mineral oil, 8.45 mmol) at 0° C. under nitrogen. After being stirred for 10 min, 4-iodobut-1-ene (1.3450 g, 7.39 mmol) was added and then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 20 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0° C., quenched with 1 N HCl, extracted with ethyl acetate, and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvents were evaporated, the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 0.1304 g of 6-bromo-2,2-di(but-3-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one. LC-MS t_(R)=2.33 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 319, 321 (MH¹); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=8 Hz, 1H), 5.76-5.66 (m, 2H), 4.94-4.87 (m, 4H), 2.98 (s, 2H), 1.98-1.63 (m, 8H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 209.23, 151.43, 138.85, 137.85, 137.54, 127.94, 126.75, 121.55, 114.81, 52.87, 37.28, 36.58, 28.54.

Step 2. 6′-bromospiro[cyclohept[4]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one and 6′-bromospiro[cyclohept[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one

To a solution of 6-bromo-2,2-di(but-3-en-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (0.1300 g, 0.41 mmol) in toluene (40 mL) was added Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst 2nd generation [301224-40-8] (0.0308 g, 0.049 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated at 120° C. under nitrogen for 20 h. After the solvent was evaporated, the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 0.1204 g (100%) of a mixture of 6′-bromospiro[cyclohept[4]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one and 6′-bromospiro[cyclohept[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one as observed by ¹H NMR. LC-MS t_(R)=2.25 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 291, 293 (MH⁺).

Step 3. 6′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-7,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one and 6′-bromo-5,7,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged with a mixture of 6′-bromospiro[cyclohept[4]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one and 6′-bromospiro[cyclohept[3]ene-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (0.1204 g), obtained as described above, 1,2,4,5-tetrazine (0.0767 g, 0.93 mmol), and toluene (5 mL). The tube was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 150° C. for 1 h. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford 0.1646 g of a mixture of 6′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-7,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one and 6′-bromo-5,7,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one. LC-MS t_(R)=6.21, 6.35 min in 16 min chromatography, t_(R)=1.49 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 343, 345 (MH⁺).

Step 4. 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,6,8,9-hexahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-7,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrile and 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,7,8,9-hexahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrile

A 10 mL microwave tube was charged with a mixture of 6′-bromo-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-7,2′-inden]-1′(374)-one and 6′-bromo-5,7,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-1′(374)-one (0.1646 g), obtained as described above, 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (0.2530 g, 1.7 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (0.6177 g, 1.9 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (4 mL), water (1 mL), and PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (0.0360 g, 0.05 mmol). The tube was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 110° C. for 30 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with CH₂Cl₂ and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford 0.0281 g of 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,6,8,9-hexahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-7,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrile and 0.0925 g of 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,7,8,9-hexahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrile.

For 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,6,8,9-hexahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-7,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrile, LC-MS t_(R)=1.51 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 366 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 9.35 (m, 2H), 8.03-7.97 (m, 4H), 7.75-7.63 (m, 3H), 3.40-3.23 (m, 6H), 2.01-1.85 (m, 4H).

For 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,7,8,9-hexahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrile, LC-MS t_(R)=1.54 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 366 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 9.36 (m, 2H), 7.99-7.89 (m, 3H), 7.74-7.56 (m, 4H), 3.45-2.89 (m, 6H), 2.15-1.72 (m, 4H).

Step 5. Preparation of Compound 456

To a solution of 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,6,8,9-hexahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-7,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (0.0281 g) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was added 0.5 mL of 1.0 M TiCl₄ in CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature. After 1.5 h, 0.4 mL of bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide was added to the yellow solution. The resulting mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The mixture was quenched with ice, diluted with CH₂Cl₂, and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the crude product (0.0830 g) was directly used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.51 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 390 (MH⁺)

A 50 mL flask was charged with 33 mL of EtOH, 1.5833 g of sodium methoxide (25 wt. % solution in MeOH), and 0.6517 g of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride. The suspension was filtered through HPLC filter and 12 mL of the filtrate was added to N-(5′-(3-cyanophenyl)-5,6,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-7,2′-inden]-3′(1W)-ylidene)cyanamide, obtained as described above. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The mixture was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford compound 456 as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.09, 1.23 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 437 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 9.25 (m, 2H), 8.04-7.50 (m, 7H), 3.51-3.03 (m, 9H), 2.25-1.75 (m, 4H).

Step 6. Preparation of Compound 457

To a solution of 3-(1′-oxo-1′,3′,5,7,8,9-hexahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-6′-yl)benzonitrile (0.0925 g) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added 1.0 mL of 1.0 M TiCl₄ in CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature. After 1.5 h, 0.8 mL of bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide was added to the yellow solution. The resulting mixture was then stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The mixture was quenched with ice, diluted with CH₂Cl₂, and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the crude product (0.1630 g) was directly used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.58 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 390 (MH⁺)

A 50 mL flask was charged with 33 mL of EtOH, 1.5833 g of sodium methoxide (25 wt. % solution in MeOH), and 0.6517 g of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride. The suspension was filtered through HPLC filter and 23 mL of the filtrate was added to N-(5′-(3-cyanophenyl)-5,7,8,9-tetrahydrospiro[cyclohepta[d]pyridazine-6,2′-inden]-3′(1′H)-ylidene)cyanamide, obtained as described above. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The mixture was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford compound 457 as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.19, 1.25 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 437 (MH⁺); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 9.25 (m, 2H), 8.16-7.35 (m, 7H), 3.63-1.62 (m, 13H).

Example 392 Synthesis of Compound 458

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

A mixture of compound 1 (1.5 g, 5.1 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (1.2 g, 7.7 mmol), aq. Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 20 mL) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (0.15 g, 0.21 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (20 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere was stirred at 80° C. for 1 h. After cooling down, H₂O (50 mL) was added with stirring. The mixture was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×2). The combined organic fractions were washed with brine (50 mL×2), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=50:1 to 20:1 to give compound 2 (1.4 g, 87.5% yield) as a pale yellow solid. ¹H NMR: (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.95-8.05 (d, 1H, J=5.2 Hz), 7.88-7.95 (s, 1H), 7.80-7.88 (m, 2H), 7.68-7.73 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.55-7.68 (m, 2H), 3.30-3.35 (s, 2H), 2.70-2.80 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.55 (m, 2H), 2.25-2.35 (m, 2H), 1.90-2.00 (m, 2H). LC-MS: t_(R)=1.96 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 316.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 in THF (60 mL) was added LiHMDS (10 mL, 10 mmol, 1.0 M in THF) dropwise at −78° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at this temperature for 1 h and a solution of PhNTf₂ (3.2 g, 8.88 mmol) in THF (20 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for another 2 h and then allowed to warm to ambient temperature for 4 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with brine (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=50:1 to 20:1 to give compound 3 (1.5 g, 78.9% yield) as a pale yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.85-7.95 (d, 1H, J=5.2 Hz), 7.80-7.85 (s, 1H), 7.75-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.65 (m, 1H), 7.45-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.35 (m, 1H), 5.80-5.85 (m, 1H), 3.05-3.15 (d, 1H, J=14.0 Hz), 2.90-3.00 (d, 1H, J=14.0 Hz), 2.60-2.70 (m, 1H), 2.45-2.55 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.60-1.70 (m, 1H). LC-MS: t_(R)=2.30 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 448.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 4

A mixture of compound 3 (0.70 g, 1.6 mmol), dimethylamine in THF (40 mL, 80 mmol, 1 M in THF), Pd(OAc)₂ (0.011 g, 0.048 mmol) and dppp (20 mg, 0.048 mmol) was stirred at 70° C. under CO (10 PSI) atmosphere for 24 h. The precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and then the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with dichloromethane:methanol=100:1 to 50:1 to give compound 4 (0.43 g, yield: 72.9%) as a brown solid. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆ 400 MHz): δ 8.20-8.25 (s, 1H), 8.05-8.15 (m, 2H), 7.95-8.00 (s, 1H), 7.70-8.00 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.55-7.65 (m, 2H), 5.75-5.85 (m, 1H), 3.82 (m, 1H), 3.10-3.20 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 2.90-3.00 (d, 1H, J=17.6 Hz), 2.70-2.80 (m, 6H), 2.25-2.40 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.75 (m, 1H), 1.50-1.60 (m, 1H).

LC-MS: t_(R)=1.90 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 371.1 [M+H]⁺.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (50 mg, 0.13 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (3 mL) was added TiCl₄ (0.26 mL, 0.26 mmol, 1 M in CH₂Cl₂) under a nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was stirred in microwave at 50° C. for 15 min, then bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide (50 mg, 0.26 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. in microwave for 15 min. The mixture was poured into ice-water (5 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL×2), the combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give crude compound 5 (60 mg, crude) as a pale yellow solid which was used directly for the next step without purification.

Step 5: Preparation of Compound 458

To a solution of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (13 mg, 0.15 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added MeONa (75 mg, 0.15 mmol, 25% (Wt.) in MeOH), followed by compound 5 (60 mg, 0.15 mmol). After stirred at ambient temperature overnight, the reaction was completed detecting by LC-Ms, and the solvent was removed in vacuo to give the crude product which was purified by preparative HPLC to afford compound 458 (15 mg, 22.7% yield for 2 steps) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.95-8.00 (s, 1H), 7.90-7.95 (d, 1H, J=8.0 Hz), 7.70-7.75 (d, 1H, J=7.6 Hz), 7.60-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.55-7.60 (dd, 1H, J=4.0, 8.0 Hz), 5.80-5.90 (m, 1H), 3.10-3.20 (m, 3H), 3.05-3.10 (m, 3H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 3H), 2.75-2.85 (d, 1H, J=15.6 Hz), 2.45-2.55 (m, 1H), 2.30-2.40 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.80 (m, 2H).

LC-Ms: t_(R)=1.55 min in 3 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 442.2 [M+H]⁺.

Example 393 Synthesis of Compound 459

Step 1: Preparation of Compound 2

To a stirred solution of t-BuOK (9.66 g, 86 mmol) in THF (500 mL) was added Tosmic (16.8 g, 86 mmol) and compound 1 (10 g, 86 mmol) at −10° C. and the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue was extracted with ether, the extracts were washed with water and dried over Na₂SO₄. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in MeOH (125 mL). To this solution was added a solution of sodium (3.9 g, 172 mmol) in MeOH (250 mL), and then the mixture was refluxed for 1 h. The reaction mixture was evaporated and the residue was purified by column chromatography on a silica gel (hexanes:EtOAc=20:1) to afford compound 2 (2 g, yield 23%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MH): δ 2.73-2.82 (m, 3H), 2.48-2.52 (m, 2H), 1.97-2.10 (m, 4H).

Step 2: Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of LDA (6 mL, 10.8 mmol, 1.8 M in THF) in THF (15 mL) was added the solution of compound 2 (690 mg, 5.4 mmol) in THF (5 mL) slowly at −60° C., and the reaction mixture was stirred at −60° C. for 1 h. To the resulting mixture was added the solution of compound 2A (1.83 g, 4.9 mmol)) in THF (5 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at −60° C. for 2 h, and then quenched with water (15 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×40 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to dryness. The crude product was purified by chromatography on silica gel to give compound 3 (372 mg, yield 24%) as a yellow solid.

Step 3: Preparation of Compound 4

A flame dried 50 mL RBF was charged with compound 3 (372 mg, 0.88 mmol) and anhydrous THF (15 mL) under N₂ atmosphere. The resulting solution was stirred and cooled to −70° C., and 1.3 M t-BuLi solution in hexane (1.36 mL, 1.76 mmol, 2 eq.) was added dropwise. Deep red color was observed during the addition. The reaction was stirred another 1 h after the addition. The reaction was quenched with MeOH (0.1 mL), and followed by 2 M aq. HCl solution (2 mL). The resulting solution was concentrated to remove organic solvent. The residue was stirred in 0.5 M aq. HCl solution (10 mL). The suspension was heated to reflux (oil bath 105° C.). The reaction was cooled down to room temperature and filter. The cake was washed with H₂O. The light yellow solid was collected and co-evaporated with MeOH two times to remove water to give crude product, which was purified by chromatography on silica gel to give compound 4 (150 mg, yield 56%) as a white solid.

Step 4: Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (80 mg, 0.27 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) and was dropwise m-CPBA (186 mg, 1.08 mmol) kept below 20° C. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The solid was filtered off, and the filtrate washed with NaHCO₃, extracted with CH₂Cl₂, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 5 (80 mg, 95%). ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.92 (m, 1H), 7.66 (m, 1H), 7.36 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.35 (m, 1H), 3.11 (m, 2H), 2.97-3.01 (m, 2H), 2.30 (m, 4H).

Step 5: Preparation of Compound 6

A mixture of compound 5 (100 mg, 0.3 mmol), compound 5A (89 mg, 0.6 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (2 M, 0.45 mL) and Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (10 mg) in 1,4-dioxane (5 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere was stirred in microwave at 120° C. for 15 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified pre-TLC to give compound 6 (40 mg, yield 30%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.05 (m, 1H), 7.87 (m, 3H), 7.72 (m, 3H), 7.60 (m, 1H), 3.69-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.17 (m, 2H), 3.01 (m, 2H), 2.30 (m, 4H).

Step 6: Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of compound 6 (40 mg, 0.11 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added TiCl₄ (0.22 mL, 0.22 mmol) and the mixture was stirred in microwave at 50° C. for 10 min. After the reaction, bis-trimehtlysilylcarbodiimide (62 mg, 0.33 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred in microwave at 60° C. for 10 min. The reaction was quenched with ice water and extracted with CH₂Cl₂, the organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried and concentrated to give the product 7 (20 mg, 57%).

Step 7: Preparation of Compound 459

To a solution of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (4.4 mg, 0.05 mmol) in MeOH (1 mL) was added NaOMe (10% in MeOH, 24.3 mg, 0.045 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 5 min. Then a solution of compound 7 (20 mg, 0.05 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) was added to above solution. Then reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 min. Then the solution was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified pre-TLC and HPLC to give compound 459 (2 mg, yield 10%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.93 (m, 2H), 7.70 (m, 4H), 7.39 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (m, 1H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.18 (m, 5H), 2.56 (m, 1H), 2.30 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.77 (m, 1H). LC-MS t_(R)=0.989 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 423 [M+H]⁺

Example 394 Synthesis of Compound 460

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

A solution of compound 1 (6.3 g, 0.03 mmol) in methanol (60 mL) was warmed to 40° C., then 3 mL of concentrated HCl was added dropwise, followed by isoamyl nitrite (4.38 mL, 0.033 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 1 h. The formed precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with methanol (2×25 mL), dried in the vacuo to dryness to give compound 2 (4.0 g, 56%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆ 400 MHz): δ 12.75 (s, 1H), 7.87-7.89 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.83-7.85 (m, 1H), 7.57-7.59 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (s, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A solution of compound 2 (2.5 g, 10.4 mmol) in 1.2 N aq. NaOH solution (10 mL) and water (250 mL) was cooled to 4° C., then ammonia (3 mL) was added, followed by 5% aq. NaClO solution (40 mL). After addition, the mixture was warmed to ambient temperature and stirred for 3 h, then was extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (3×125 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give compound 3 (1.1 g, 46%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.87 (s, 1H), 7.61-7.63 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.27 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (s, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compounds 4 and 5

To a suspension of Rh₂(OAc)₄ (26 mg, 0.059 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (10 mL) was added compound 3A (4.41 g, 42.3 mmol) at 2025° C., then a solution of compound 3 (1.0 g, 4.23 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) was added dropwise to the mixture over 30 min and stirred for one more hour. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether:EtOAc=50:1 to 30:1) to give two isomers: compound 4 (250 mg, 30%) and compound 5 (600 mg, 64%). ¹H NMR compound 4 (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.78 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.68-7.71 (dd, J=2.0, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39-7.42 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.31 (m, 5H), 3.35-3.36 (d, J=2.8 Hz, 2H), 2.93-2.98 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.19-2.22 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.80 (m, 1H). LC-MS: t_(R)=1.43 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 312.9 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR compound 5 (CDCl₃ 400 MHz) δ 7.94 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.65-7.67 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.33-7.37 (t, J=7.2, 14.8 Hz, 2H), 7.26-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.14-7.16 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 2.94-3.00 (m, 2H), 2.73-2.77 (d, J=18.0 Hz, 1H), 2.02-2.07 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.77 (m, 1H).

LC-MS: t_(R)=1.36 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 312.9 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution of compound 4 (60 mg, 0.19 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (1 mL) was added a solution of TiCl₄ (0.387 mL, 0.38 mmol in CH₂Cl₂) at ambient temperature. After stirring for 1 h, bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimid (70 mg, 0.38 mmol) was added, then the final mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 20 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition of ice (5 g), extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL). The separated organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give compound 6 (70 mg, 42%) with 39% purity, which was used in next step directly without purification. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.505 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 336.9 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 460

To a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (17.4 mg, 0.208 mmol) in methanol (1 mL) was added MeONa (10.3 mg, 0.187 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 10 min, then a solution of compound 6 (60 mg, 0.19 mmol) in methanol (3 mL) was added dropwise at ambient temperature and stirred for 10 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative RP-HPLC to give compound 460 (2.7 mg, 34%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.35-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.21-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.12-7.19 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.07 (m, 1H), 7.00-7.02 (m, 1H), 2.99-3.33 (m, 3H), 2.38-2.78 (m, 3H), 1.45-1.51 (m, 1H), 1.21-1.30 (m, 1H). LC-MS: t_(R)=1.15 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 384.0 [M+H]⁺.

Example 395 Synthesis of Compound 461

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a suspension of compound 1 (545.6 mg, 1.86 mmol) in Ac₂O (3 mL) was added BF₃ Et₂O (1 mL) dropwise at room temperature. The mixture was stirred overnight and quenched with ice water. The mixture was stirred another 1 h and extracted with ethyl acetate (25 mL) washed with H₂O (20 mL), saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (20 mL) and brine (20 mL) successively, then was dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give the crude compound 2 (600 mg, 84%) as a light brown foam, which was used in next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of crude compound 2 (300 mg, 0.78 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) was added a solution of NaOAc (305 mg, 3.72 mmol) in H₂O (0.5 mL). The mixture was heated at reflux for 3 h. MeOH was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (10 mL), washed with H₂O (10 mL) and brine (10 mL) successively, dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to dryness. The oil was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (hexanes:EtOAc=20:1) to give compound 3 (153 mg, 69%); ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.65 (s, 1H), 7.27-7.29 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.87 (m, 2H), 2.65 (m, 1H), 2.48 (m, 2H), 2.12 (m, 2H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 1.51 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (153 mg, 0.46 mmol) in a mixture of EtOH (10 mL) and THF (2.5 mL) was added NH₂OH HCl (95 mg, 1.37 mmol). The mixture was heated at reflux for 3 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (hexanes:EtOAc=10:1) to give compound 4 (100 mg, 66%) as a light yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 4 (1.8 g, 5.4 mmol), KCN (706 mg, 10.8 mmol) and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (3.9 g, 40.5 mmol) in formamide (50 mL). The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 72 h, cooled to room temperature and poured into ice (50 g). After acidification with conc. HCl solution (20 mL), the resulting mixture was filtered and the filter cake was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with water (5×20 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 5 (1 g, 47%). as a brown solid, which was used in next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

A suspension of compound 5 (400 mg, 0.99 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (402 mg, 0.99 mmol) in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (15 mL) was stirred at 150° C. for 30 min in a CEM microware reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by prep-TLC to give compound 6 (140 mg, 34%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

To a solution of compound 6 (230 mg, 0.55 mmol) in CH₃CN (15 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (304 mg, 2.2 mmol). After being stirred for 5 min, MeI (155 mg, 1.1 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 15 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by prep-TLC to give compound 7 (120 mg, 50%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 461

A solution of compound 7 (140 mg, 0.31 mmol) and NH₄I (362 mg, 2.5 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (5.0 N, 5 mL) was stirred at 120° C. in a microwave reactor for 3 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was added CH₂Cl₂ (15 mL) and stirred for 30 min. The mixture was filtered, concentrated and purified by prep-HPLC (basic) to give compound 461 (80 mg, 57%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.882 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 414, 417 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.52-7.53 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.26 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (m, 1H), 3.29 (s, 3H), 2.81 (m, 3H), 2.53 (m, 1H), 2.34 (m, 1H), 2.22 (m, 2H), 2.17 (m, 2H), 1.78 (m, 1H).

Example 396 Synthesis of Compound 462

To a solution of compound 461 (20 mg, 0.047 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (1 mL) was added compound 8A (15 mg, 0.10 mmol) and aq.Cs₂CO₃ (2M, 0.072 mL, 0.14 mmol), and deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen. Then PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (50 mg, 0.071 mmol) was added The reaction mixture was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 30 min. The solvents were removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 462 (4.1 mg, 19%). LC-MS: t_(R)=1.08 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 438.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.934 (s, 1H), 7.85-7.87 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.61-7.63 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.51-7.54 (t, J=8.0, Hz, 2H), 7.35-7.40 (t, J=8.0, 10.6 Hz, 1H), 3.21-3.29 (m, 1H), 3.12-3.15 (s, 3H), 2.67-2.80 (m, 3H), 2.46-2.50 (d, J=13.2, 1H), 2.23-2.31 (t, J=18.4, 15.6 Hz, 1H), 2.10-2.18 (t, J=15.6, 18.8 Hz, 2H), 1.91-2.07 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.91 (m, 1H).

Example 397 Synthesis of Compound 463

According to a similar synthesis of compound 462, compound 461 (20 mg, 0.05 mmol) was coupled with compound 8D (16.8 mg, 0.097 mmol) to give compound 463 (2.5 mg, 11%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.036 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 464 [MH+]. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.61-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.45 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 7.11-7.15 (m, 1H), 3.30 (m, 1H), 3.12-3.15 (s, 3H), 2.71-2.76 (m, 3H), 2.45-2.50 (m, 1H), 2.30 (m, 1H), 2.15 (m, 2H), 2.05 (m, 2H), 1.85 (m, 1H).

Example 398 Synthesis of Compound 464

According to a similar synthesis of compound 462, compound 461 (20 mg, 0.048 mmol) was coupled with compound 8C (12 mg, 0.096 mmol) to give compound 464 (2.8 mg, 14%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.757 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 414 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.66 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.40 (d, J=4.4 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (m, 1H), 7.40 (m, 1H), 7.32 (m, 1H), 7.19 (m, 1H), 3.29 (m, 1H), 2.99 (s, 3H), 2.66 (m, 4H), 2.18 (m, 3H), 1.98 (m, 2H), 1.67 (m, 1H).

Example 399 Synthesis of Compound 465

According to a similar synthesis of compound 462, compound 461 (20 mg, 0.048 mmol) was coupled with compound 8D (11.3 mg, 0.072 mmol) to give compound 465 (11 mg, 50%.); LC-MS t_(R)=1.021 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 447 [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.65-7.63 (m, 2H), 7.57-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.34 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.36-3.32 (m, 1H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 2.88-2.75 (m, 3H), 2.54 (m, 1H), 2.41 (m, 1H), 2.23 (m, 2H), 2.14-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.98-1.83 (m, 1H).

Example 400 Synthesis of Compound 466

According to a similar synthesis of compound 462, compound 461 (30 mg, 0.072 mmol) was coupled with compound 1A (23 mg, 0.144 mmol) to give compound 466 (1.5 mg, 6%) as white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.921 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 448.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 8.50 (s, 1H), 8.33 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.43 (s, 1H), 7.25 (m, 1H), 7.12 (m, 1H), 2.89 (m, 3H), 2.58 (m, 1H), 2.15-2.38 (m, 1H), 1.88-2.03 (m, 4H), 1.59 (m, 1H).

Example 401 Synthesis of Compound 467

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

Compound 4 (500 mg, 1.5 mmol) was dissolved in Et₃N (10 mL) and Et₂NH (2 mL) was added Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (150 mg) and CuI (142.5 mg) under a nitrogen atmosphere. Compound 8E (1 mL) was added by syringe. The system was degassed purged N₂ one more time, the reaction was heated at 50° C. for 12 h, LCMS indicated that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified preparative TLC (hexanes:EtOAc=2:1) to give compound 5 (262 mg, 55%) as a yellow solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 5 (262 mg, 0.83 mmol), KCN (107 mg, 1.65 mmol), (NH₄)₂CO₃ (594 mg, 6.19 mmol) and formamide (20 mL). The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 72 h, then was cooled and poured into ice. After acidification with concentrated HCl solution to pH=1, the mixture was filtered, and the solid was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (500 mL). The organic layer was washed with water (2×200 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=50:1) to give compound 5 (178 mg, 55%) as an orange solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7

To solution of compound 5 (100 mg, 0.26 mmol) and Lawesson'reagent (104 mg, 0.26 mmol) in dioxane (3 mL) was heated at 150° C. for 30 min in a microwave reactor. The mixture was cooled, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (hexanes:EtOAc=20:1) to give compound 7 (30 mg, 38%) as a light orange solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8

To a solution of compound 7 (70 mg, 0.17 mmol) in CH₃CN (2 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (96 mg, 0.69 mmol) and MeI (48 mg, 0.34 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (hexanes:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 8 (38 mg, 51%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 467

A solution of compound 7 (38 mg, 0.088 mmol) and NH₄I (102 mg, 0.70 mmol) in a solution of NH₃/EtOH (2 mL, 0.5 N) was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 3 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was added CH₂Cl₂ (20 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) and preparative HPLC to give compound 467 (3.1 mg, 8.8%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.979 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 401 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.24 (m, 3H), 3.20 (m, 3H), 2.94 (m, 1H), 2.74 (m, 3H), 2.63 (m, 1H), 2.44 (m, 1H), 2.25 (m, 2H), 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.70 (m, 1H), 1.40 (m, 1H), 1.18 (m, 1H), 0.74 (m, 2H), 0.63 (m, 2H).

Example 402 Synthesis of Compound 468

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (100 mg, 0.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) was added TiCl₄ (0.6 mL, 1.0 M in CH₂Cl₂, 0.6 mmol) and the mixture was reacted in microwave at 50° C. for 10 min. After the reaction, bis-trimehtlysilylcarbodiimide (168 mg, 0.9 mmol) was added and the mixture was reacted in microwave at 60° C. for 10 min. The reaction was quenched by addition of ice water and extracted with CH₂Cl₂, the organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried and concentrated to give the product 5 (104 mg, 97%) as a yellow oil, which was used in next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution of MeNHOH.HCl (24.4 mg, 0.29 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added NaOMe (10 wt % in MeOH, 141 mg, 0.26 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 5 min. Then to a solution of compound 5 (104 mg, 0.29 mmol) in MeOH (8 mL) was added to above solution. Then final reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 45 min. Then the solution was concentrated and the residue was purified, which was purified preparative TLC to give compound 6 (80 mg, 68%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 468

The compound 6 (40 mg, 0.1 mmol) was dissolved in Et₃N (3 mL) and Et₂NH (1 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere was added Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (5 mg) and CuI (5 mg). Compound 6A (0.5 mL) was added by syringe. The system was degassed purged N₂ one more time, the reaction was heated 50° C. for 12 h, LCMS indicated that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified preparative TLC and preparative HPLC to give compound 468 (1.9 mg, 5%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.994 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 389 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.15-7.17 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 7.00-7.02 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 2.73 (m, 2H), 2.55 (m, 3H), 2.20 (m, 5H), 1.74 (m, 1H), 1.37 (m, 1H), 0.82 (m, 2H), 0.64 (m, 2H).

Example 403 Synthesis of Compound 469

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (140 mg, 0.42 mmol) in anhydrous EtOH (5 mL) was added CH₃NHNH₂ (95 mg, 2.09 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at reflux overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (EtOAc) to give compound 4 (42 mg, 29%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (42 mg, 0.12 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (2 mL) was added TiCl₄ (115 mg, 0.61 mmol). The mixture was heated at 50° C. for 10 min in a microwave reactor, then N,N′-methanediylidene bis(1,1,1-trimethylsilianamine) (168 mg, 0.36 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 40 min in a microwave reactor. The reaction mixture was poured into ice (20 g) and extracted with dichloromethane (3×30 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×30 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (EtOAc) to give compound 5 (10 mg, 24%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 469

To a solution of compound 5 (10 mg, 0.027 mmol) in MeOH (2 mL) was added MeNHOHHCl (2.3 mg, 0.027 mmol) and MeONa solution (10 wt % in MeOH, 13.5 mg, 0.025 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 469 (10 mg, 88%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.851 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 418 [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.60-7.48 (m, 2H), 7.16 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (m, 3H), 2.20-3.15 (m, 3H), 2.88-2.63 (m, 3H), 2.60-2.56 (m, 3H), 2.18-1.94 (m, 4H), 1.81-1.80 (m, 1H).

Example 404 Synthesis of Compound 470

To a solution of compound 469 (20 mg, 0.048 mmol) and 3-chloro-5-fluoro-phenyl bromic acid (12.6 mg, 0.072 mmol) in dioxane (3 mL) was added PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (6.7 mg, 0.009 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (2N, 0.048 mL, 0.096 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 110° C. for 15 min in a microwave reactor under nitrogen, then diluted with ethyl acetate (80 mL), washed with brine (2×50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 470 (11 mg, 50%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.983 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 466 [M+H]⁺. ¹HNMR (CD₃OD, 400 MHz): δ 7.61-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.35-7.29 (m, 2H), 7.19 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.74-3.66 (m, 3H), 3.14-3.06 (m, 3H), 2.92-2.73 (m, 2H), 2.69-2.59 (m, 3H), 2.16-2.03 (m, 4H), 1.84-1.81 (m, 1H), 1.27-1.25 (m, 1H).

Example 405 Synthesis of Compound 471

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (7.0 g, 24.1 mmol) in toluene (600 mL) was added Grubbs Catalyst 1^(st) generation (2.98 g, 3.62 mmol), and the reaction mixture was refluxed overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by chromatography (petroleum ether:EtOAc=100:1) to give compound 2 (5.21 g, 82%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.464 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 263.0 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.83 (s, 1H), 7.62 (m, 1H), 7.28 (m, 1H), 5.66 (s, 2H), 3.06 (s, 2H), 2.84 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 2H), 2.29 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

A steel autoclave was charged with a mixture of compound 2 (2 g, 7.6 mmol), KCN (988 mg, 15.2 mmol), and (NH₄)₂CO₃ (5.8 g, 60.8 mmol), formamide (60 mL) was added. The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 72 h. The reaction mixture was then cooled and poured into ice. After acidification with concentrated HCl (50 mL), the mixture was filtrated to give the solid, which was dissolved in ethyl acetate (600 mL) and washed with water (2×150 mL). The combined organic phase was dried and concentrated to give compound 3 (2.2 g, 87%) as a white solid, which was used in the next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (600 mg, 1.8 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (45 mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (800 mg, 2.97 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 120° C. for 60 min. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by chromatography (petroleum ether:EtOAc=5: 1) to give compound 4 (410 mg, 65%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (300 mg, 0.86 mmol) in CH₃CN (15 mL) was added compound K₂CO₃ (478 mg, 3.44 mmol) and MeI (488 mg, 3.44 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 10 min and then at 100° C. for 10 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The solution was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=15:1) to afford compound 5 (240 mg, 71%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5a

To a solution of compound 5 (420 mg, 1.11 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (10 mL) was added NH₄I (1.13 g, 7.80 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 120° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 3 h. The solution was concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=10:1) to afford compound 5a (399 mg, 90%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.054 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 346.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.43 (m, 1H), 7.12 (s, 1H), 7.08 (m, 1H), 5.09 (m, 2H), 3.31 (d, J=15.2 Hz, 1H), 3.07 (s, 3H), 2.82 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 2.53-2.36 (m, 2H), 2.27 (m, 1H), 1.91 (m, 1H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution of compound 5a (100 mg, 0.29 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (3 mL) was added compound 7 (52 mg, 0.636 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was heated at 150° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 1 h. The solution was concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH=8:1) to afford compound 6 (30 mg, 26%) as a red solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 471

Pd(PPh₃)₂Cl₂ (10 mg, 0.14 mmol) in a 10 mL of flask under a nitrogen atmosphere was treated sequentially with compound 6 (30 mg, 0.075 mmol), 1,4-dioxane (1 mL), Cs₂CO₃ (2 N, 0.1 mL) and compound 6A (22 mg, 0.15 mmol). The mixture was heated at 120° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere in a microwave reactor for 15 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative HPLC to afford compound 471 (3.1 mg, 10%). LC-MS t_(R)=0.978 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 421.0 [M+H]⁺. ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 9.10 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 2H), 7.98 (s, 1H), 7.88 (m, 1H), 7.67 (m, 2H), 7.56 (m, 2H), 7.43 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.43 (m, 1H), 3.26 (m, 2H), 3.16 (s, 3H), 3.02 (m, 1H), 2.92 (m, 1H), 2.58 (m, 1H).

Example 406 Synthesis of Compound 472

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (477 mg, 1.8 mmol) in anhydrous CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL) was added TiCl₄ (1 M in CH₂Cl₂, 3.6 mL, 3.6 mmol) at room temperature. After the mixture was stirred in microwave at 50° C. for 15 min., bis-trimethylsilylcarbodiimide (1.17 mL, 5.4 mmol) was added, and the mixture was stirred in microwave at 60° C. for 25 min. TLC showed the reaction was completed, and the mixture was poured into ice-water (10 mL), and extracted with CH₂Cl₂ (15 mL×3). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (15 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, concentrated to give compound 5 (400 mg, 90%) as a yellow solid, which was used for the next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of 6

A steel clabe was charged with a mixture of compound 5 (400 mg, 1.39 mmol), KCN (362 mg, 5.57 mmol) in EtOH (4 mL) and H₂O (4 mL). The mixture was heated at 80° C. for 24 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into ice (10 g) and filtered. The filter cake was washed with water (10 mL×2) and CH₂Cl₂ (10 mL×2), dried under reduced pressure to give compound 6 (440 mg, 78%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.219 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 333, 335 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (DMSO 400 MHz): δ 10.82 (m, 1H), 8.52 (d, J=27.2 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (m, 1H), 7.34 (m, 2H), 5.78 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.61 (m, 4H), 2.23 (m, 2H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 7A

A suspension of compound 6 (100 mg, 0.3 mmol) and Lawesson's reagent (121 mg, 0.3 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (4 mL) was heated at 130° C. for 35 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by prep-TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 7A (70 mg, 67%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8B

To a solution of compound 7A (70 mg, 0.2 mmol) in CH₃CN (2 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (110 mg, 0.8 mmol). After being stirred for 5 min., MeI (56.5 mg, 0.4 mmol) was added, and the reaction mixture was heated at 60° C. for 15 min in a CEM microwave reactor. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and there residue was purified by prep-TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=5:1) to give compound 8B (60 mg, 79%).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 472

A solution of compound 8B (30 mg, 0.08 mmol) and NH₄I (92 mg, 0.64 mmol) in NH₃/EtOH (5.0 N, 2 mL) was heated at 120° C. in a microwave reactor for 3 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was purified by prep-HPLC (acidic) to give compound 472 (1.8 mg, 7%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.077 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 348, 350 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.51 (dd, J=1.6 Hz, 4 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 5.81 (s, 2H), 2.91 (m, 2H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 2.61 (m, 2H), 2.44 (m, 1H), 2.40 (m, 1H).

Example 407 Synthesis of Compound 473

To a solution of compound 76 (7.38 mg, 0.02 mmol) in pyridine was added acetic anhydride (5 drops). The resulting solution was stirred at room temperature for 30 min, quenched with MeOH, and purified with a revised phase HPLC to give compound 474 (8.3 mg, 80%) as a TFA salt. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.84 min, 3 min method, MS (ESI) m/z 420 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.10 (s, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.08 (m, 6H), 2.28 (s, 3H), 2.04-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.20 (m, 6H), 0.84 (m, 2H), 0.64 (m, 2H).

Example 408 Synthesis of Compound 476

Compound 1 was dissolved in DCM (1 mL) and treated with TFA (1 mL) at room temperature for 30 min, and purified by a HPLC to give compound 76 (5.7 mg) as TFA salt, along with compound 476 (5.0 mg, TFA salt) as a by-product. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.17 min, 3 min method, MS (ESI) m/z 396 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.28 (m, 2H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 4.78 (m, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.04 (m, 6H), 2.76-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.80 (m, 4H), 1.48-1.24 (m, 6H).

Example 409 Synthesis of Compounds 477 and 478

Compound 76 (5 mg, was purified on a chiral HPLC followed by a revised phase HPLC to give compound 478 (1.53 mg) as a TFA salt, t_(R)=37.86 min (ADH column, eluented with 80% Hexane/EtOH with 0.1% diethylamine, flow rate 4 mL/min); LC-MS: MS (ESI) m/z 378 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.32 (m, 2H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.12 (m, 6H), 2.06-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.44-1.24 (m, 6H), 0.84 (m, 2H), 0.68 (m, 2H); and compound 477 (1.64 mg) as a TFA salt, t_(R)=42.76 min (ADH column, eluented with 80% Hexane/EtOH with 0.1% diethylamine, flow rate 4 mL/min); LC-MS: MS (ESI) m/z 378 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.34 (m, 2H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.20-3.10 (m, 6H), 2.06-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.82 (m, 1H), 1.44-1.24 (m, 6H), 0.84 (m, 2H), 0.66 (m, 2H).

Example 410 Synthesis of Compounds 488-518 and 592-604

Microsorb 1s: Column: Varian Microsorb 100 C18, 30 × 4.6 mm UV-Detection: 210-380 nm Eluent A: Water (0.15% TFA), Eluent B: Acetonitrile % Time (min) Eluent B Flow mL/min Gradient: 0.00 5 3.5 0.18 5 3.5 2.00 98 3.5 2.20 98 3.5 2.30 5 3.5 2.50 5 3.5

Microsorb Column: Varian Microsorb 100 C18, 30 × 4.6 mm 4s MeOH: UV-Detection: 210-380 nm Eluent A: Water (0.13% TFA), Eluent B: Methanol % Time (min) Eluent B Flow mL/min Gradient: 0.00 5 2.4 0.35 5 2.4 3.95 100 2.4 4.45 100 2.4 4.55 5 2.4 4.90 5 2.4

Microsorb Column: Varian Microsorb C18, 20 × 4.6 mm 7s MeOH: UV-Detection: 210-380 nm Eluent A: Water (0.13% TFA), Eluent B: Methanol % Time (min) Eluent B Flow mL/min Gradient: 0.00 5 5.2 0.25 5 5.2 1.90 100 5.2 2.05 100 5.2 2.15 5 5.2 2.25 5 5.2

A. Compound 504

Step 1. 6-(4-Methoxy-benzyloxy)-indan-1-one

4-methoxybenzylchloride (9.19 mL, 67.5 mmol) was added to a mixture of 6-hydroxy-1-indanone (10 g, 67.5 mmol) and potassium carbonate (14 g, 101 mmol) in 15 mL DMF. The mixture was reacted at RT for 14 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with water and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated and the solvents were removed by evaporation. The residue was dissolved in DCM and filtered through a plug of activated basic alumina. 6-(4-Methoxy-benzyloxy)-indan-1-one (18 g, 99%) was obtained after evaporation of the filtrate. The material was taken to the next step without further purification.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.46 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=269

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 504 step1 the following compound was obtained:

Starting Starting MS HPLC Rt No. material 1 material 2 Product m/z [M + H]⁺ Method min 1.1.1 compound 505 Step1

289 Microsorb 1s 1.55 1.1.2 compound 4.1.1

427 Microsorb 1s 1.75 1.1.3

239 Microsorb 1s 1.52

Compound 504 Step 2

6-(4-Methoxy-benzyloxy)-indan-1-one (13.5 g 95%, 47.8 mmol) was mixed with methyl acrylate (17.33 mL, 191 mmol) and heated to 60° C. Potassium fluoride (60% on alumina, Aldrich, 22.2 g, 382 mmol) was added in portions. The mixture was cooled to RT and Celite was added. The mixture was washed with DCM (200 mL). Evaporation yielded the crude product Compound 504 Step 2 (14.8 g, 70%). The material was taken to the next step without further purification.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.55 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=441

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 504 step2 the following compound was obtained:

Starting MS HPLC Rt No. material Product m/z [M + H]⁺ Method min 1.2.1 compound 518 Step1

421 Microsorb 1s 1.46

Compound 504 Step 3

Potassium-3,7-dimethyl-octan-3-olate (14.4 g, 36.7 mmol, 50% in heptane, BASF) in toluene (50 mL) was heated to reflux under nitrogen. Compound 504 Step 2 (14.7 g, 33.4 mmol) was added in toluene (50 mL). The mixture was refluxed for 12 h. The solvents were evaporated and the crude product Compound 504 Step 3 was taken to the next step without further purification.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.69 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=409

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 504 step3 the following compound was obtained:

Starting MS HPLC Rt No. material Product m/z [M + H]⁺ Method min 1.3.1 1.2.1

389 Microsorb 1s 1.58

Compound 504 Step 4

To Compound 504 Step 3 (2.78 g) in MeOH (20 mL) was added 4 M aqueous NaOH (7.0 mL, 28.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 2 h at 70° C. The mixture was cooled to RT. The precipitate was filtered, washed with water and dried to give Compound 504 Step 4 (1.2 g, 50%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.49 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=351

Compound 504 Step5

Sodium borohydride (1.1 g, 29.2 mmol) was added portionwise over a period of 1 h to Compound 504 Step 4 (10.2 g) in THF (70 mL) at −78° C. After 1 h the mixture was heated to 4° C. and stirred for 12 h. Acetone (13.7 mL) was added. After 15 min the mixture was diluted with water and extracted with EA. The organic layer was separated and the solvents were evaporated to yield Compound 504 Step5 (8.0 g) that was taken to the next step without further purification. The material contained the diasteromeric alcohol as minor impurity.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.50 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=353

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 504 step5 the following compound was obtained:

MS m/z HPLC Rt No. Starting material Product [M + H ]⁺ Method min 1.5.1

295/297 (Br) Microsorb 1s 1.31 1.5.2 2.3.1

323 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.22 1.5.3 23.1.1

323 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.21

Compound 504 Step 6

Methyliodide (5.71 mL, 90.8 mmol) was added to Compound 504 Step 5 (8 g, 22.7 mmol) in DMF (70 mL) followed by portionwise addition of sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 4.54 g, 114 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 2 h at RT and 2 h at 40° C. Methanol was added (1 mL). The reaction was diluted with water and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated and the solvents were evaporated. The crude product was purified by HPLC (eluent A:water+0.13% TFA, eluent B:methanol) to give Compound 504 Step 6 (4.5 g) as a white solid.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.77 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=367

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 504 step6 the following compound was obtained:

MS m /z HPLC Rt No. Starting materials Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 1.6.1

309/311 (Br) Microsorb 1s 1.55 1.6.2 1.5.2

337 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.45

Compound 504 Step 7

Compound 504 Step 6 (96 mg, 0.26 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous acetonitrile (2 mL) and evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in acetonitrile (6 mL) and cesium fluoride (160 mg, 1.05 mmol) and 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodimide (0.24 mL, 1.05 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 13 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water and extracted with EA. The organic layer was separated. Evaporation yielded Compound 504 Step 7. Toluene was added (2 mL) and evaporated to dryness to remove traces of water. The residual material was taken to the next step without further purification.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.70 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=391

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 504 step7 the following compound was obtained:

MS m /z HPLC Rt No. Starting material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 1.7.1 1.1.1

313 Microsorb 1s 1.59 1.7.2 1.1.3

361 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.51

Compound 504 Step 8

A mixture of N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (43 mg, 0.51 mmol) in anhydrous EtOH (2 mL) was treated with sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 18 mg, 0.46 mmol) and added to a mixture of Compound 504 Step7 (100 mg, 0.26 mmol) in anhydrous EtOH (2 mL). The mixture was stirred for 45 min at RT. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with EA. The solvents were evaporated and the residue was purified by HPLC (eluent A:water+0.13% TFA, eluent B:methanol) to give the desired product Compound 504 (21 mg, 12%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s):

Rt: 1.33/1.39 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=438

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 504 step8 the following compounds were obtained:

MS Starting m /z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min Compound 516 1.7.2

408 Microsorb 4s MeOH 2.82/ 3.08 Compound 594 32.3.2

428 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.20 Compound 595 32.3.3

428 Microsorb 4s MeOH 2.88/ 3.19 Compound 596 32.3.4

436 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.05/ 3.29 Compound 597 32.3.5

422 Microsorb 1s MeOH 1.42/ 1.50

B. Compound 488

Compound 488 Step1. 3-[6-Bromo-2-(2-methoxycarbonyl-ethyl)-1-oxo-indan-2-yl]-propionic acid methyl ester

To 6-bromo-1-indanone (25 g, 0.12 mol) in dioxane (150 mL) was added Triton B (2.48 mL, 6.3 mmol) and hydroquinone (5 mg, 0.05 mmol). After stirring the mixture for 10 min at 50° C. methylacrylate (21.5 mL, 0.24 mol) in 50 mL dioxane was added. The mixture was stirred for 4 h at 50° C. and 14 h at RT. Then 2 mL methylacrylate was added and the reaction was stirred for 1 h at 50° C. The reaction mixture was poured onto water, extracted with EA and the solvents were evaporated. The residue was purified by MPLC (340 g silicagel, gradient:CH/EA 100:0 to 50:50) to give 3-[6-Bromo-2-(2-methoxycarbonyl-ethyl)-1-oxo-indan-2-yl]-propionic acid methyl ester (38 g, 84%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 4s MeOH),

Rt: 3.18 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=383/385 (Br)

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 488 step 1 the following compounds were obtained:

MS Starting m /z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 2.1.1 1.1.3

411 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.36

Compound 488 Step 2

200 mL toluene which contained 2.5 g (108 mmol) of sodium were heated to reflux. Under an atmosphere of nitrogen 3-[6-Bromo-2-(2-methoxycarbonyl-ethyl)-1-oxo-indan-2-yl]-propionic acid methyl ester (compound 504 Step1) (38 g, 99.3 mmol) in 200 mLToluol were added. The reaction was RF for 14 h and 0.5 g sodium was added. After 2.5 h under reflux the mixture was cooled to RT and 0.5 M aqueous HCl (400 mL) was added. The aqueous layer was extracted with EA and the organic layer was evaporated. The residue was purified by MPLC (340 g silicagel, gradient CH/EA 100:0 to 70:30) to give Compound 488 Step 2 (17 g, 49%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 4s MeOH),

Rt: 3.54 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=351/353 (Br)

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 488 step 2 the following compounds were obtained:

MS Starting m /z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 2.2.1 2.1.1

379 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.66

Compound 488 Step 3

To Compound 488 Step 2 (17.1 g, 48.7 mmol) in MeOH (170 mL) was added 1 M aqueous NaOH (200 mL, 200 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 2 h at 120° C. The reaction was cooled and the precipitate was filtered off, washed with water and MeOH and dried to give Compound 488 Step 3 (12.6 g, 81%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 4s MeOH),

Rt: 2.98 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=293/395 (Br)

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 488 step 3 the following compounds were obtained:

MS Starting m /z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 2.3.1 2.2.1

321 Microsorb 4s MeOH 3.23

Compound 488 Step 4

To compound 1.6.1 (300 mg, 0.97 mmol) in dioxane (12 mL) was added PdCl₂dppf (72 mg, 0.1 mmol) and (cyclohexyl)methyl zinc-bromide (9.6 mL, 4.8 mmol) under argon atmosphere. The mixture was stirred for 1.5 h at 50° C. Then the reaction was diluted with DCM and water was added. The layers was separated and the organic layer was washed with brine and aqueous ammonium chloride solution. The organic layer was evaporated. The residue was purified by MPLC (50 g silicagel, gradient petrol PE/EA 100:0 to 70:30) to give Compound 488 Step 4 (213 mg, 67%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.99 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=327

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 488 step4 the following compounds were obtained:

MS m /z HPLC Rt No. Starting material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 2.4.1

272 Microsorb 1s 1.65 2.4.2

287 Microsorb 1s 1.74 2.4.3

335 Microsorb 1s 1.75 2.4.4

301 Microsorb 1s 1.88 2.4.5

273 Microsorb 1s 1.78/ 1.81 2.4.6

301 Microsorb 1s 1.84 2.4.7

287 Microsorb 1s 1.91 2.4.8

299 Microsorb 1s 1.93 2.4.9

325 Microsorb 1s 1.97 2.4.10

331 Microsorb 7s 1.38

Compound 488 Step 5

A mixture of Compound 488 Step 4 (210 mg, 0.64 mmol) and titanium-(IV)chloride (1N in DCM) (1.29 mL, 1.29 mmol) was stirred for 1 h at RT. Then 1,3-bis(trimethylsiyl)carbodiimide (0.48 mL, 2.07 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred for 2 h at RT. The reaction was quenched with water and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was evaporated and the crude product Compound 488 Step 5 was taken to the next step.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.99 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=351

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 488 step5 the following compounds were obtained:

MS Starting m /z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 2.5.1 2.4.1

297 Microsorb 1s 1.70 2.5.2 2.4.2

311 Microsorb 1s 1.77 2.5.3 2.4.3

359 Microsorb 1s 1.78 2.5.4 2.4.4

325 Microsorb 1s 1.89 2.5.5 2.4.5

297 Microsorb 1s 1.81/ 1.83 2.5.6 2.4.6

325 Microsorb 1s 1.87 2.5.7 Compound 502 step1

283 Microsorb 1s 1.72 2.5.8 2.4.7

311 Microsorb 1s 1.92 2.5.9 2.4.8

323 Microsorb 1s 1.97 2.5.10 2.4.9

325 Microsorb 1s 1.97 2.5.11 Compound 517 Step2

361 Microsorb 1s 1.54 2.5.12 Compound 518 Step3

371 Microsorb 1s 1.66 20.5.13 Compound 602 Step1

343 Microsorb 1s 1.60 2.5.14 Compound 603 Step2

341 Microsorb 1s 1.68 2.5.15 Compound 602 Step2

355 Microsorb 1s 1.55 2.5.16 Compound 504 Step6

391 Microsorb 1s 1.67

Compound 488 step6

A mixture of N-methylhydroxylamine (35 mg, 0.42 mmol) in EtOH (2 mL) was treated with sodium hydride (60% in Mineral Oil) (16.8 mg, 0.42 mmol) and added to a mixture of Compound 488 Step 5 (73 mg, 0.21 mmol) in EtOH (2 mL). The reaction was stirred for 1 h at RT.Water was added and the mixture was extracted with EA. The solvents were evaporated and the residue was purified by MPLC (10 g Silicagel, CH/EE 100:0 to 50:50) to give the desired product compound 488 (43 mg, 52%). (Method: Microsorb 7s MeOH)

Rt: 1.52/1.65 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=398

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 488 step6 the following compounds were obtained:

MS Starting m /z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min Compound 489 2.5.1

297 Microsorb 1s 1.27/ 1.36 Compound 490 2.5.2

297 Microsorb 1s 1.34/ 1.44

C. Compound 491

Compound 491 Step1

Compound 2.5.2 (155 mg, 0.5 mmol), potassium cyanide (65 mg, 1 mmol) and ammonium carbonate (336 mg, 3.5 mmol) in EtOH (1.5 mL) and water (1.5 mL) were stirred for 14 h at 75° C. in a sealed tube. The mixture was cooled, diluted with water and extracted with EA. The organic layer was washed with brine and evaporated. The crude product Compound 491 Step1 was taken to the next step.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.38 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=357

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 491 step1 the following compounds were obtained:

MS m /z HPLC Rt No. Starting material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 3.1.1 Compound 504 Step7

437 Microsorb 1s 1.33 3.1.2 Compound 488 Step5

397 Microsorb 1s 1.66 3.1.3 2.5.1

343 Microsorb 1s 1.30 3.1.4 2.5.3

405 Microsorb 1s 1.44 3.1.5 2.5.4

371 Microsorb 1s 1.58 3.1.6 2.5.5

343 Microsorb 1s 1.34/ 1.37 3.1.7 2.5.6

371 Microsorb 1s 1.55 3.1.8 2.5.7

329 Microsorb 1s 1.27 3.1.9 2.5.8

357 Microsorb 1s 1.47 3.1.10 2.5.9

410 Microsorb 1s 1.47 3.1.11 2.5.10

371 Microsorb 1s 1.51 3.1.12 2.5.13

389 Microsorb 1s 1.19 3.1.13 2.5.14

387 Microsorb 1s 1.28 3.1.14 2.5.15

401 Microsorb 1s 1.15 3.1.15 2.5.16

437 Microsorb 1s 1.42

Compound 491 Step 2

Compound 491 Step1 (155 mg, 0.3 mmol, purity: 72%), 2-iodopropane (35 μl, 0.35 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (49 mg, 0.35 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) were stirred for 14 h at RT. Then 0.02 mL2-iodopropane was added and the mixture was stirred for 3 h. The reaction was diluted with DCM and extracted with water. The organic layer was evaporated. The residue was purified by MPLC (10 g silicagel, gradient CH/EA 100:0 to 70:30) to give Compound 491 Step 2 (89 mg, 71%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.64 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=399

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 491 step2 the following compounds were obtained:

MS Starting m /z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 3.2.1 3.1.1

479 Microsorb 1s 1.54 3.2.2 3.1.2

439 Microsorb 1s 1.99 3.2.3 3.1.3

385 Microsorb 1s 1.57 3.2.4 3.1.4

447 Microsorb 1s 1.80 3.2.5 3.1.5

413 Microsorb 1s 1.88 3.2.6 3.1.6

385 Microsorb 1s 1.66/ 1.68 3.2.7 3.1.7

429 Microsorb 1s 2.03 3.2.8 3.1.8

371 Microsorb 1s 1.59 3.2.9 3.1.9

399 Microsorb 1s 1.77 3.2.10 3.1.10

411 Microsorb 1s 1.77 3.2.11 3.1.11

413 Microsorb 1s 1.79 3.2.12 3.3.15

503 Microsorb 1s 1.93 3.2.13 3.3.15

443 Microsorb 1s 2.08 3.2.14 3.3.15

443 Microsorb 1s 1.72/ 1.83 3.2.15 32.4.1

435 Microsorb 1s 1.56 3.2.16 3.1.12

453 Microsorb 7s 1.30 3.2.17 3.1.13

451 Microsorb 1s 1.50 3.2.18 3.1.14

465 Microsorb 7s 1.28

Compound 491 Step 3

Compound 491 Step 2 (88 mg, 0.22 mmol) and 2,4-bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-[1,3,2,4]dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide (178.6 mg, 0.44 mmol) in dioxane (4 mL) were stirred for 1 h at 130° C. in the microwave. Then additional (178.6 mg, 0.44 mmol) 2,4-bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-[1,3,2,4]dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide was added and the mixture was stirred for 1 h under the same conditions. The solvent was evaporated. The residue purified by MPLC (25 g silicagel, gradient:CH/EA 100:0 to 60:40 to give Compound 491 Step 3 (66 mg, 72%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.81 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=415

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 491 step3 the following compounds were obtained:

MS Starting m /z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 3.3.1 1.1.2

443 Microsorb 1s 1.94 3.3.2 3.2.2

445 Microsorb 1s 2.13 3.3.3 3.2.3

401 Microsorb 1s 1.74 3.3.4 3.2.4

463 Microsorb 1s 1.96 3.3.5 3.2.5

429 Microsorb 1s 2.05 3.3.6 3.2.6

401 Microsorb 1s 1.85/ 1.88 3.3.7 3.2.7

412 Microsorb 1s 1.59 3.3.8 3.2.8

387 Microsorb 1s 1.78 3.3.9 3.2.9

415 Microsorb 1s 1.92 3.3.10 3.2.10

427 Microsorb 1s 1.93 3.3.11 3.2.11

429 Microsorb 1s 1.97 3.3.12 Compound 510 Step5

465 Microsorb 1s 1.80 3.3.13 Compound 511 Step1

451 Microsorb 1s 1.87 3.3.14 Compound 512 Step1

469 Microsorb 1s 1.91 3.3.15 3.1.7

387 Microsorb 7s MeOH 1.51 Compound 599 Compound 599 Step2

431 Microsorb 1s 1.88 Compound 600 39.2.1

461 Microsorb 1s 1.76 Compound 602 3.2.16

469 Microsorb 1s 1.56 Compound 603 3.2.17

467 Microsorb 1s 1.64 Compound 604 3.2.18

481 Microsorb 1s 1.55

Compound 491 Step 4

Compound 491 Step 3 (65 mg, 0.16 mmol) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (6 M in decane, 0.55 mL, 3.30 mmol) and 5 mL ammonia in methanol (7 M) were stirred for 3 d. The solvent was evaporated and the residue purified by MPLC (10 g silicagel, gradient:DCM/MeOH 100:0 to 90:10) to give Compound 491 Step 4 (22 mg, 35%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 7s MeOH)

Rt: 1.55 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=398

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 491 step 4 the following compound was obtained:

MS Starting m /z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min Compound 598 32.5.2

434 Microsorb 1s 1.41

D. Compound 505

Compound 505 Step1

Compound 504 Step 6 (900 mg, 2.46 mmol) was added to a mixture of DCM (5 mL), TFA (5 mL), water (0.050 mL), and triisopropylsilane (1 mL). The mixture was stirred at RT for 5 min. The solvents were evaporated and the residue was purified by HPLC (eluent A:water+0.13% TFA, eluent B:methanol) to yield the desired product Compound 505 Step 1 (300 mg, 50%) as an oil.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s):

Rt: 1.12 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=247

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 505 step1 the following compound was obtained:

MS m /z HPLC Rt No. Starting material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 4.1.1 3.2.1

359 Microsorb 1s 1.25

Compound 505 Step 2

A mixture of N-methylhydroxylamin hydrochloride (77 mg, 0.92 mmol) in anhydrous EtOH (3 mL) was treated with sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 34 mg, 0.86 mmol) and added to a mixture of compound 1.7.1 (120 mg) in anhydrous EtOH (3 mL). The mixture was stirred for 3 h min at RT. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with EA. The solvents were evaporated and the residue was purified by HPLC (eluent A:water+0.13% TFA, eluent B:methanol). The base was liberated by dissolution in DCM and extraction with aqueous potassium carbonate solution. Separation of the organic layer and evaporation of the solvents yields the desired product Compound 505 (5 mg, 5%) as a white solid.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s):

Rt: 1.27/1.34 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=360

E. Compound 506

Compound 506 Step1

Compound 3.3.1 (260 mg) was mixed with ammonia (7 M in MeOH, 2 mL) and tert.-butylhydroperoxide (5.5 M in nonane, 0.49 mL, 2.70 mmol) and stirred for 48 h at RT. DCM and Na₂S₂O₃ (10% in water) were added. The organic layer was separated and the solvents were evaporated. The residue was purified by HPLC (eluent A:water+0.13% TFA, eluent B: methanol) to yield the desired product Compound 506 (25 mg) as a white solid.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.56 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=426

F. Compound 492

Compound 492 Step 1

The product was obtained in analogy to compound 505 step 2 from compound 2.5.3. The crude product was purified by HPLC (eluent A:water+0.13% TFA, eluent B:methanol) to yield the product as TFA salt compound 492 as a white solid (101 mg, 80%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.38/1.47 min, Mass: (M+H)⁺=406

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 492 step1 the following compounds were obtained:

MS m/z HPLC Rt No. Starting material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min Compound 493 2.5.4 

372 Microsorb 1 s 1.43/1.54 Compound 497 2.5.5 

344 Microsorb 1 s 1.31/1.39 Compound 501 2.5.6 

372 Microsorb 1 s 1.40/1.51 Compound 502 2.5.7 

330 Microsorb 1 s 1.23/1.32 Compound 517 2.5.11

408 Microsorb 1 s 1.18/1.26 Compound 518 2.5.12

418 Microsorb 1 s 1.28

Compound 502 step1

To compound 1.6.1 (300 mg, 0.97 mmol) and PdCl₂dppf (70 mg, 0.096 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) at 0° C. diethyl-zinc in hexane (1 M, 2.00 mL, 2.00 mmol) was added under argon atmosphere. The mixture was allowed to warm to RT and stirred for 14 h. The mixture was purified by MPLC (25 g silicagel, gradient CH/EA 100:0 to 60:40) to give Compound 502 Step1 (197 mg, 79%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.69 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=259

G. Compound 495

Compound 495 Step1

Compound 3.3.2 (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) was mixed with ammonia (7 M in MeOH, 3 mL) and tert.-butylhydroperoxide (6 M in decane, 0.38 mL, 2.28 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 3 d at RT. The solvents were evaporated. The residue was purified by HPLC (eluent A:water+0.13% TFA, eluent B:methanol) to yield the desired product compound 495 (30 mg, 50%) as a white solid.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.71 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=438

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 495 step1 the following compounds were obtained:

MS Starting m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min Compound 494 3.3.3 

384 Microsorb 1 s 1.43 Compound 496 3.3.4 

446 Microsorb 1 s 1.58 Compound 503 3.3.5 

412 Microsorb 1 s 1.62 Compound 499 3.3.6 

384 Microsorb 7 s 1.47 Compound 498 3.3.7 

412 Microsorb 1 s 1.59 Compound 500 3.3.8 

370 Microsorb 1 s 1.37 Compound 508 3.3.9 

398 Microsorb 7 s 1.52 Compound 507 3.3.10

410 Microsorb 1 s 1.54 Compound 509 3.3.11

412 Microsorb 7 s 1.53 Compound 510 3.3.12

448 Microsorb 1 s 1.43 Compound 511 3.3.13

434 Microsorb 7 s 1.48 Compound 512 3.3.14

452 Microsorb 7 s 1.53

Compound 510 Step1

The reaction was split between 7 microwave vials (20 mL). To Compound 488 Step 3 (4.99 g, 16.7 mmol) in 61 mL dioxane was added 3-methoxyphenyl boronic acid (3.05 g, 20.0 mmol), Na2CO3 solution (2 M in water, 25 mL, 51.8 mmol) and 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-ferrocene-dichloropalladium-(II). Argon was bubbled through the mixture for 1 min and the vials with the mixture were heated in the microwave to 140° C. for 30 min. The content of the vials was pooled and the mixture concentrated. The residue was mixed with DCM, filtered over silica and the filtrate washed with aqueous saturated ammonium chloride solution and brine. The organic phase was dried and evaporated. The crude product was purified by MPLC (340 g silicagel, gradient:CH/EA 1:0 to 1:1, 90 min). The product was dissolved in DCM and washed with aqueous NaOH solution. The organic layer was evaporated to yield the product Compound 510 Step1 (3.25 g, 61%)

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.51 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=321

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 510 step1 the following compounds were obtained:

MS m/z HPLC Rt No. Starting material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 23.1.1 Compound 488 step 3

321 Microsorb 4 s MeOH 3.21

Compound 510 Step 2

To a mixture of anhydrous iron-(III) chloride 15.2 mg (0.094 mmol) and Compound 510 Step1 (600 mg, 1.87 mmol) in ACN (20 mL) isopropoxy-trimethylsilane (1.66 mL, 9.36 mmol) and triethylsilane (1.05 mL, 6.56 mmol) were added successively at RT under an argon atmosphere. The mixture was stirred 14 h. 50 mg of iron-(III) chloride were added and the mixture was stirred for 24 h at RT. The mixture was diluted with phosphate buffer (pH 7) and extracted with DCM. The mixture was evaporated and the crude product purified by HPLC (C18, eluent A:water+0.13% TFA, eluent B:ACN). The first eluting diastereomer was collected. Freeze drying gave the product Compound 510 Step 2 as a white powder.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.95 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=365

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 510 step2 the following compounds were obtained:

MS m/z HPLC Rt No. Starting material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 23.2.1 23.1.1

351 Microsorb 1 s MeOH 1.88

Compound 510Step 3

To Compound 510 Step 2 (300 mg, 0.82 mmol) in dry DCM (3 mL) titanium-(IV) chloride (1 N in DCM, 1.73 mL, 1.73 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred for 45 min at RT. 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodimid (0.67 mL, 2.88 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred for 2 h at RT. The mixture was diluted with water and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was evaporated to yield the product Compound 510 Step 3 as white solid (310 mg, 97%.)

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.96 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=389

Compound 510 Step 4

Compound 510 Step 3 (247 mg, 0.64 mmol), potassium cyanide (82.7 mg, 1.27 mmol) and ammonium carbonate (428 mg, 4.45 mmol) in EtOH (1.0 mL) and water (1.0 mL) were stirred for 14 h at 75° C. in a sealed tube. The mixture was cooled, diluted with water and extracted with EA. The organic layer was evaporated. The crude product was evaporated and purified by MPLC (25 g silicagel, gradient:DCM/MeOH 100:0 to 93:3). The product Compound 510 Step 4 was obtained as white solid (150 mg, 54%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.51 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=335

Compound 510 Step5

Compound 510 Step 4 (150 mg, 0.35 mmol), methyliodide (24 μA, 0.38 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (105 mg, 0.76 mmol) in ACN (5 mL) were mixed and stirred in the microwave for 20 min at 100° C. The reaction was diluted with DCM and water and the mixture extracted with DCM. The organic layer was evaporated. The was residue purified by HPLC (eluent A:water+0.13% TFA, eluent B:methanol) to yield the desired product Compound 510 Step5 (150 mg, 97%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.63 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=449

Compound 511 Step1

Compound 511 Step1 was prepared from 3.1.7 (87%, 167 mg, 0.40 mmol) in analogy to Compound 510 Step 2. Instead of 2-iodopropane 2-bromo-1,1-difluoroethane (63 mg, 0.44 mmol) was used to obtain 173 mg (95%) Compound 511 Step1 as a colorless resin.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 7s),

Rt: 1.57 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=435

Compound 512 Step1

Compound 512 Step1 was prepared from 3.1.7 (87% 167 mg, 0.40 mmol) in analogy to Compound 491 Step 2. Instead of 2-iodopropane 2,2,2-trifluoroethyltrifluoromethylsulfonate (63 μl, 0.44 mmol) was used to obtain 165 mg (93%) Compound 512 Step1 as a colorless resin.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 7s),

Rt: 1.61 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=453.

H. Compound 513

Compound 513 Step1

Product 3.2.12 (152 mg, 0.3 mmol) and ammonium iodide (350 mg, 2.41 mmol) in ammonia (2 M in EtOH, 6.0 mL, 17.3 mmol) were stirred for 2 h at 120° C. in the microwave. The solvents were evaporated. The residue was purified by HPLC (eluent A:water+0.13% TFA, eluent B:methanol) to yield the product as TFA salt compound 513 as a white solid (98.8 mg, 60%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.52 min, Mass: (M+H)⁺=428

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 513 step1 the following compounds were obtained:

MS m/z HPLC Rt No. Starting material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min Compound 514 3.2.13

398 Microsorb 7 s MeOH 1.50 Compound 515 3.2.14

384 Microsorb 7 s MeOH 1.48

I. Compound 517

Compound 517 Step1

To Compound 488 Step 3 (1.5 g, 5.12 mmol), 3-methoxyphenylboronic acid (930 mg, 6.12 mmol), PdCl₂dppf (200 mg, 0.27 mmol) and potassium carbonate (2M in water, 7.65 mL, 15.3 mmol) in dioxane (18 mL) and MeOH (6 mL) were stirred for 30 min at 140° C. in the microwave. The solvents were evaporated. To the residue was added DCM. The organic layer was washed with ammonium chloride solution and with brine. The DCM was evaporated. The crude product was purified by MPLC (100 g silicagel, gradient:CH/EA 100:0 to 50:50). The product Compound 517 Step1 was obtained as a solid (1.39 g, 85%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.53 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=321

Compound 517 Step 2

To Compound 517 Step1 (1.39 g, 4.34 mmol) in THF at −78° C. was added methylmagnesium chloride (3 M, 1.6 mL, 4.8 mmol) in THF. After stirring for 1.5 h at −78° C. the mixture was warmed to RT. The reaction was cooled down to 0° C. and methylmagnesium chloride (1 mL) was added. The reaction was quenched with ammonium chloride solution and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was washed with brine and the solvent was evaporated. The crude product was purified by MPLC (120 g silicagel, gradient:DCM/MeOH 100:0 to 95:5) and then by MPLC (120 g silicagel, gradient:CH/EA 100:0 to 50:50). The first eluting stereoisomer was collected. The product Compound 517 Step 2 was obtained as a solid (1.39 g, 85%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.48 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=337

J. Compound 518

Compound 518 Step1

5-Fluoro-6-hydroxy-indan-1-one (7.50 g, 45.1 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (17.0 g, 123 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) were stirred for 10 min at 80° C. Then 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-trifluoro-methanesulphonate (10.7 g, 46.1 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred for 2 min at 80° C. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with EA. The organic layer separated and the solvents were evaporated to give Compound 518 Step1 (10.4 g, 93%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.34 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=249

Compound 518 Step 2

To compound 1.3.1 (28.5 g) in dioxane (80 mL) was added 4 M aqueous HCl (50 mL). The mixture was stirred for 14 h at 120° C. The solvents were evaporated. The was residue purified by HPLC (eluent A:water+0.13% TFA, eluent B:methanol) to yield the desired product Compound 518 Step 2 (4.8 g).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.49 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=331

Compound 518 Step 3

To compound 518 Step 2 (1.30 g, 3.94 mmol) and ferric chloride (31.9 mg, 0.20 mmol) in anhydrous acetonitrile (50 mL) was added methoxytrimethylsilane (5.43 mL, 39.4 mmol) and triethylsilane (6.29 mL, 39.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred 10 min at RT. The solvents were evaporated. The residue was purified by HPLC (eluent A:water+0.13% TFA, eluent B: acetonitrile) to yield the desired product Compound 518 Step 3 (610 mg, 45%) as the earlier eluting diastereomer.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.64 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=347

K. Compound 592

Compound 592 Step1

To 6′-bromo-4-methoxyspiro[cyclohexane-1,2′-inden]-1′(3′H)-one (1.00 g, 3.23 mmol) in dioxane/water (1:1, 10 mL) was added potassium hydroxide (1.05 g, 18.7 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (150 mg, 0.16 mmol) and di-tert-butyl-(2′,4′,6′-triisopropyl-3,4,5,6-tetramethyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-phosphane (280 mg, 0.58 mmol). The mixture was stirred in the microwave for 10 min at 140° C. The mixture was diluted with EA and 1 M HCl and extracted with EA. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and evaporated. The residue was purified by MPLC (100 g siliciagel, gradient:CH/EA 100:0 to 40:60 over 70 min). The product compound 592 Step 1 was obtained as a yellow resin (660 mg, 83%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 7s MeOH),

Rt: 1.16 min; Mass (M+H)⁺ 247

Compound 592 Step 2

Compound 592 Step1 (275 mg, 1.12 mmol), 3-cyanophenylboronic acid (330 mg, 2.25 mmol, copper(II)-acetate (17.3 mg, 0.095 mmol) and molecular sieves (4 A, 1.0 g) in DCM (7 mL) were mixed, than pyridine (442 μA, 5.58 mmol) was added and argon was bubbled through the mixture. The mixture was stirred in a sealed tube for 14 h at RT. The tube was opened and 17 mg copper(II)-acetate was added. The vial was closed again and stirred 14 h at RT. Then it was opened again and stirred with a drying tube over night at RT. 270 mg 3-cyanophenyl boronic acid, 17 mg copper(II)-acetate and 440 μL pyridine were added and the mixture stirred at RT for 3 days. The precipitate was separated, the filtrate was diluted with DCM, saturated NaHCO₃-solution and brine. The organic layer was separated and the solvent was evaporated. The crude product was purified by MPLC (25 g siliciagel, gradient:CH/EA 100:0 to 50:50 over 50 min) to give Compound 592 Step 2 (197 mg, 51%) as a white solid.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.65 min; Mass (M+H)⁺ 348

By using the same synthetic strategy as for Compound 592 step 2 the following compounds were obtained:

MS Starting Starting m/z HPLC Rt No. material 1 material 2 Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 32.2.1 Compound 592 Step 1

391 Microsorb 1 s 2.04 32.2.2 Compound 594 Step 1

357 Microsorb 4 s MeOH 3.56 32.2.3 Compound 595 Step 1

357 Microsorb 4 s MeOH 3.53

Compound 592 Step 3

To compound 592 Step 2 (195 mg, 0.561 mmol) in DCM (anhydrous, 12 mL) titanium(IV)-chloride (1 N in dioxane, 1.11 mL, 1.11 mmol) was added and the mixture stirred at RT for 1 h. Then 1,3-bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimde (418 μl, 1.80 mmol) was added and mixture stirred at RT for 3 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated and the solvent was evaporated to give compound 592 Step 3 (239 mg, purity 85%, 97%) as a resin.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.67 min; Mass (M+H)⁺ 372

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 592 step 3 the following compounds were obtained:

MS Starting m/z HPLC Rt No. material 1 Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 32.3.1 32.2.1

415/417 Microsorb 1 s 2.01 32.3.2 32.2.2

381 Microsorb 4 s MeOH 3.56 32.3.3 32.2.3

381 Microsorb 4 s MeOH 3.52/3.67 32.3.4 Compound 597 step 1

389 Microsorb 4 s MeOH 3.71 32.3.5 23.2.1

375 Microsorb 1 s MeOH 1.88 32.3.6 36.1.1

419 Microsorb 1 s MeOH 3.58

Compound 592 Step 4

Compound 592 Step 3 (188 mg, 0.506 mmol), potassium cyanide (66 mg, 1.01 mmol) and ammonium carbonate (500 mg, 5.20 mmol) in EtOH (1.5 mL) and water (1.5 mL) were mixed and stirred for 14 h at 75° C. The mixture was cooled, diluted with water and EA. The mixture extracted with EA. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and evaporated to give compound 592 Step 4 as a with solid of 90% purity (164 mg, 70%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.34 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=418

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 592 step 4 the following compound was obtained:

MS Starting m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 32.4.1 32.3.5

421 Microsorb 1 s 1.45

Compound 592 Step 5

To compound 592-Step 4 (164 mg, purity 90%, 0.35 mmol) in toluene (anhydrous, 10 mL) 2,4-bis-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-[1,3,2,4]dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide (145 mg, 0.36 mmol) was added and nitrogen was bubbled trough the mixture. Then the reaction was stirred for 14 h at 125° C. The solvent was evaporated. The residue was purified by MPLC (25 g silicagel, gradient: CH/EA 100:0 to 50:50 over 50 min) to give compound 592-Step 5 (107 mg, 71%) as a yellow resin.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.45 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=434

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 592 step 5 the following compounds were obtained:

MS Starting m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 32.5.1 Compound 593 Step 1

477/479 Microsorb 1 s 1.70 32.5.2 3.2.15

451 Microsorb 1 s 1.73

Compound 592 Step 6

Compound 592 Step 5 (107 mg, 0.25 mmol), methyliodide (62 μA, 1.0 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (160 mg, 1.16 mmol) in ACN (anhydrous, 3 mL) were mixed and stirred in the microwave first for 20 min at 60° C. then 20 min at 100° C. The reaction was diluted with DCM and water and the mixture extracted with DCM. The organic layer was evaporated to yield the desired product compound 592 Step 6 (100 mg, purity 88%, 77%) as a colorless resin.

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.61 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=462

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 592 step 6 the following compound was obtained:

MS Starting m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 32.6.1 32.5.1

505/507 Microsorb 1 s 1.98

Compound 592 Step 7

Compound 592 Step 6 (100 mg, 0.19 mmol) and ammonium iodide (221 mg, 1.53 mmol) in ammonia (2 M in EtOH, 4.0 mL, 8 mmol) were stirred for 3 h at 120° C. in the microwave. The solvents were evaporated. The residue was purified by HPLC (eluent A:water+0.13% TFA, eluent B:methanol) to yield the product as TFA salt compound 592 as a white solid (69 mg, 67%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.30 min, Mass: (M+H)⁺=431

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 592 step 7 the following compound was obtained:

MS Starting m/z HPLC Rt No. material Product [M + H]⁺ Method min Compound 593 32.6.1

474/476 Microsorb 1 s MeOH 1.54

L. Compound 593

Compound 593 Step 1

Product 32.3.1 (166 mg, 0.40 mmol), potassium cyanide (52 mg, 0.80 mmol) and ammonium carbonate (270 mg, 2.81 mmol) in EtOH (1.5 mL) and water (1.5 mL) were mixed and stirred for 14 h at 75° C. The mixture was cooled, diluted with water and EA. The mixture extracted with EA. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and evaporated to give compound 593 Step 1 as a with solid of 80% purity (176 mg, 76%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s),

Rt: 1.60 min; Mass: (M+H)⁺=461/46

M. Compound 596

Compound 596-Step 1

To product 1.5.3 (200 mg, 0.62 mmol) in THF was added NaH (112 mg, 2.79 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 30 min at RT. Then 1-iodopropane (131.7 mg, 0.78 mmol) was added slowly at 0° C. and the mixture was allowed to warm up and stirred for 14 h at RT. The mixture was quenched with water and the organic layer was evaporated. The residue was extracted with DCM. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and evaporated. The crude product was purified by HPLC (eluent A:water+0.13% TFA, eluent B:methanol) to yield the product compound 596 step 1 as a white solid (100 mg, 44%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 4s)

Rt: 3.66 min, Mass: (M+H)⁺=365

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 596 step 1 the following compound was obtained:

MS Starting Starting m/z HPLC Rt No. material 1 material 2 Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 36.1.1 1.5.3

395 Microsorb 4 s 3.51

N. Compound 599

Compound 599 Step1

Product 3.2.1 (2.6 g, 5.43 mmol) and trifluoroacetic acid containing 5% water (5.0 mL) in DCM (5.0 mL) were mixed and stirred for 5 min at RT. The solvents were evaporated, the residue was stirred in MeOH, the precipitate was filtered off and the filtrate was evaporated to give compound 599 Step1 as an orange oil (2.3 g, 80% purity, 95% yield).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.25 min, Mass: (M+H)⁺=359

Compound 599 Step 2

To compound 599 Step1 (300 mg, 0.67 mmol) in DMF (anhydrous, 1.0 mL), 1-iodo-2-methylpropane (0.95 mL, 8.04 mmol) and sodium hydride (320 mg, 60%, 8.035 mmol) were mixed together and stirred for 20 h at 35° C. The mixture was diluted with 2 M HCl and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated and evaporated. The crude product was purified by MPLC (gradient DCM/MeOH 100:0 to 98:2 over 30 min) to give compound 599 Step 2 as an oil (300 mg, 85% purity, 92% yield).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.69 min, Mass: (M+H)⁺=415

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 599 step2 the following compound was obtained:

MS Starting Starting m/z HPLC Rt No. material 1 material 2 Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 39.2.1 Compound 599 Step 1

445 Microsorb 1 s 1.56

O. Compound 602

Compound 602 Step1

Product compound 592 step1 (200 mg, 0.812 mmol), 1-bromo-3-methoxypropane (130 mg, 0.850 mmol) and potassium carbonate (340 mg, 2.46 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) were mixed and stirred for 14 h at 100° C. The mixture was diluted with EA and extracted with water. The organic layer was separated and the solvent was evaporated to give compound 602 Step1 as a yellow resin (234 mg, 91%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.52 min, Mass: (M+H)⁺=319

By using the same synthetic strategy as for compound 602 step1 the following compound was obtained:

MS Starting Starting m/z HPLC Rt No. material 1 material 2 Product [M + H]⁺ Method min 42.1.1 Compound 592 step 1

331 Microsorb 1 s 1.49

P. Compound 603

Compound 603 Step1

Product 2.4.10 (395 mg, 1.20 mmol), trifluoroacetic acid (4.0 mL) and water (50 μL, 2.78 mmol) in DCM (4.0 mL) were mixed and stirred for 14 h at RT. The mixture was diluted with DCM and quenched with saturated NaHCO₃ and NaOH (1 M). The organic layer was washed with water, dried and evaporated to give compound 603 Step1 as a yellow solid (285 mg, 83%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.31 min, Mass: (M+H)⁺=287

Compound 603 Step 2

To compound 603 Step1 (200 mg, 0.698 mmol) in ACN (anhydrous, 5 mL) ferric chloride (5.7 mg, 0.035 mmol) was added. Then trimethylethoxysilane (328 μL, 2.108 mmol) and triethylsilane (343 μL, 2.153 mmol) were added successively at RT under an argon atmosphere. The mixture was stirred for 14 h at RT. The mixture was diluted with phosphate buffer (pH7) and extracted with DCM. The organic layer was separated and evaporated. The crude product was purified by MPLC (25 g silicagel, gradient:CH/EA 100:0 to 70:30 over 45 min) to give compound 603 Step 2 as a resin (134 mg, 61%).

HPLC (Method: Microsorb 1s)

Rt: 1.63 min, Mass: (M+H)⁺=317

Example 411 Synthesis of Compound 519

Step 1. tert-butyl 3-cyanoazetidine-1-carboxylate

A mixture of azetidine-3-carbonitrile hydrochloride (5.03 g, 42 mmol), Boc₂O (10.75 g, 49 mmol), and NaHCO₃ (10.1 g, 120 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (50 mL) and H₂O (20 mL) was vigorously stirred at room temperature for 15 h. The organic phase was separated and aqueous phase was extracted with CH₂Cl₂. The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 7.3143 g (95%) of tert-butyl 3-cyanoazetidine-1-carboxylate as a solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.27 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 183 (MH⁺), 168 (MH⁺-15), 127 (MH⁺-56); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 4.23-4.15 (m, 4H), 3.43-3.35 (m, 1H), 1.44 (s, 9H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 155.40, 119.43, 80.68, 52.37, 28.21, 16.99.

Step 2. tert-butyl 3-(4-bromo-2-iodobenzyl)-3-cyanoazetidine-1-carboxylate

To a solution of tert-butyl 3-cyanoazetidine-1-carboxylate (2.1774 g, 11.95 mmol) and 4-bromo-1-(bromomethyl)-2-iodobenzene (5.0227 g, 13.36 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added LiHMDS (1.0 M in THF, 15 mL, 15 mmol) at −78° C. The mixture was allowed to slowly warm to room temperature over 20 h. The reaction mixture was then quenched with saturated NH₄Cl, extracted with EtOAc, and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 4.2959 g (75%) of tert-butyl 3-(4-bromo-2-iodobenzyl)-3-cyanoazetidine-1-carboxylate as foam. LC-MS t_(R)=2.17 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 477, 479 (MH⁺), 462, 464 (MH⁺-15), 421, 423 (MH⁺-56).

Step 3. tert-butyl 6′-bromo-β-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1-carboxylate

To a solution of tert-butyl 3-(4-bromo-2-iodobenzyl)-3-cyanoazetidine-1-carboxylate (4.2876 g, 8.99 mmol) in THF (120 mL) was added n-BuLi (2.5 Min hexane, 3.8 mL, 9.5 mmol) at −78° C. dropwise over 10 min under nitrogen. After 1 h, the reaction mixture was quenched with saturated NH₄Cl, diluted with CH₂Cl₂, and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 1.7020 g (54%) of tert-butyl 6′-bromo-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1-carboxylate as a solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.90 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 352, 354 (MH⁺), 337, 339 (MH⁺-15), 296, 298 (MH⁺-56); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.91 (m, 1H), 7.74-7.71 (m, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.23 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 3.88 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 2H), 3.40 (s, 2H), 1.46 (s, 9H); ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 204.38, 156.03, 150.44, 138.17, 137.24, 127.88, 127.29, 122.19, 80.05, 57.88, 44.70, 39.67, 28.35.

Step 4. tert-butyl 6′-bromo-1′-(((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl)sulfonyl)imino)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1-carboxylate

A mixture of tert-butyl 6′-bromo-1′-oxo-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1-carboxylate (0.2863 g, 0.8 mmol), 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethanesulfonamide (0.2000 g, 1.1 mmol), and Ti(OEt)₄ (0.6900 g, 3.0 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (3 mL) was heated at 110° C. for 20 h. The reaction mixture was then quenched with ice, extracted with CH₂Cl₂, and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 0.4031 g (96%) of tert-butyl 6′-bromo-1′-(((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl)sulfonyl)imino)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1-carboxylate. LC-MS t_(R)=2.31 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 515, 517 (MH), 459, 461 (MH⁺-56).

Step 5. tert-butyl 6′-bromo-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′-vinyl-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1-carboxylate

To a solution of tert-butyl 6′-bromo-1′-(((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl)sulfonyl)imino)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1-carboxylate (0.4031 g, 0.78 mmol) in THF (3 mL) was added vinylmagnesium bromide (1.0 M in THF, 3 mL, 3.0 mmol) at 0° C. under nitrogen. The mixture was allowed to slowly warm to room temperature over 18 h. The reaction mixture was then quenched with saturated NH₄Cl, extracted with EtOAc, and dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the crude product was directly used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS t_(R)=2.31 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 543, 545 (MH), 487, 489 (MH⁺-56).

Step 6. 6′-bromo-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylic acid

A mixture of tert-butyl 6′-bromo-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′-vinyl-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1-carboxylate, obtained as described above, and NaIO₄ (1.3800 g, 6.45 mmol), and RuCl₃ hydrate (0.0180 g, 0.0867 mmol) in CH₃CN (4 mL), CH₂Cl₂ (3 mL), and H₂O (3 mL) was vigorously stirred at room temperature for 18 h. The reaction mixture was then diluted with CH₂Cl₂, dried over Na₂SO₄. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the crude product was directly used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.98 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 533, 535 (MH⁺-28), 505, 507 (MH⁺-56).

Step 7. 1-tert-butyl 1′-methyl 6′-bromo-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1,1′-dicarboxylate

A mixture of 6′-bromo-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylic acid, obtained as described above, and TMSCHN₂ (2.0 Min hexane, 1 mL) in CH₂Cl₂ (6 mL) and MeOH (3 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 19 h. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 0.3263 g (72% in three steps) of 1-tert-butyl 1′-methyl 6′-bromo-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1,1′-dicarboxylate as foam. LC-MS t_(R)=2.20 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 575, 577 (MH⁺), 547, 549 (MH⁺-28), 519, 521 (MH⁺-56).

Step 8. methyl 6′-bromo-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate

A mixture of 1-tert-butyl 1′-methyl 6′-bromo-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1,1′-dicarboxylate (0.3010 g, 0.52 mmol) and TFA (1 mL) in CH₂Cl₂ (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford 0.2346 g (76%) of TFA salt of methyl 6′-bromo-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate. LC-MS t_(R)=1.50 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 475, 477 (MH⁺).

Step 9. methyl 6′-bromo-1-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate

To a solution of methyl 6′-bromo-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate trifluoroacetate (0.2196 g, 0.37 mmol) and 2-chloropyrimidine (0.1080 g, 0.94 mmol) in MeOH (4 mL) was added Et₃N (0.5 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 18 h and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford 0.0803 g (39%) of methyl 6′-bromo-1-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate. LC-MS t_(R)=1.87 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 553, 555 (MH⁺).

Step 10. methyl 1′-amino-6′-bromo-1-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate

A mixture of methyl 6′-bromo-1-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1′-(2-(trimethylsilyl)ethylsulfonamido)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate (0.0803 g, 0.145 mmol) and CsF (0.6400 g, 4.2 mmol) in DMF (1.5 mL) was heated at 110° C. for 18 h. The mixture was diluted with MeOH, filtered through HPLC filter, and then purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford 0.0249 g (34%) of TFA salt of methyl 1′-amino-6′-bromo-1-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate. LC-MS t_(R)=1.05 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 389, 391 (MH⁺).

Step 11

To a solution of methyl 1′-amino-6′-bromo-1-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1′,3′-dihydrospiro[azetidine-3,2′-indene]-1′-carboxylate trifluoroacetate (0.0249 g, 0.0494 mmol) in CH₂Cl₂ (1.5 mL) was added Et₃N (0.15 mL) followed by methylisothiocyanate (0.0615 g, 0.84 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 110° C. for 15 h and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product was directly used in the next step without further purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.54 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 430, 432 (MH).

Step 12. Compound 519

A mixture of 3-methyl-2-thioxo-imidazolidin-4-one, obtained as described above, ammonia (ca. 7 N solution in MeOH, 2 mL), and TBHP (˜5.5 M solution in nonane, 0.5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 19 h. After the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by reversed-phase HPLC (SunFire™ Prep C₁₈ OBD™ 5 μm 19×50 mm column, 10%→90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 8 min and then 90% MeOH/H₂O, 0.1% CF₃COOH over 2 min, flow rate 20 mL/min) to afford compound 519 as a TFA salt. LC-MS t_(R)=1.09 min in 3 min chromatography, m/z 413, 415 (MH); ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.36 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 2H), 7.58-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.34 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 3.66 (d, J=16.4 Hz, 1H), 3.42 (d, J=16.1 Hz, 1H), 3.23 (s, 3H).

Example 412 Synthesis of Compound 591

The title compound was made by the method described in example 389. MS ESI+ve m/z 416 (M+H)⁺. t_(R): 1.15 min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ: 8.06-7.98 (m, 2H), 7.88 (m, 2H), 7.78 (m, 1H), 7.69 (m, 2H), 7.56 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 3.43 (m, 7H), 3.14 (m, 1H), 2.84 (m, 1H), 2.39-1.68 (m, 4H).

Example 413 Synthesis of Compound 527

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 8

A solution containing 7A (0.216 g, 0.56 mmol) and compound 7 (0.2 g, 0.47 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (20 mg, 0.047 mmol) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 130° C. for 40 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (5 mL) and aqueous CsF (4 M, 5 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×5 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC over silica gel eluted with petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1 to give compound 8 (80 mg, 38%) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.173 min in 2 min chromatography MS (ESI) m/z 439.1 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 9

A Parr flask was charged with compound 8 (80 mg, 0.182 mmol) and methanol (5 mL), 10% Pd/C (10 mg) was added. The suspension was degassed under vacuum and flushed several times with hydrogen and then pressurized with hydrogen (50 Psi) at 60° C. with vigorous stirring for 24 h. The precipitate was filtered off and washed with methanol (2×50 mL). The filtrate and washings were concentrated by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative TLC over silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1 to give compound 9 (40 mg, 49%) as a yellow solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.335 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 443.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 10

To a solution of compound 9 (40 mg, 0.090 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (5 mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (40 mg, 0.099 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was heated at reflux for 12 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (petroleum ether: EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 10 (30 mg, 73%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.420 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 459.1 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 527

To a solution of compound 10 (30 mg, 0.065 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was added NH₄OH (3 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (1 mL). After addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc (contained 10% methanol) (20 mL) and H₂O (20 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give VT_B011010_(—)03 (5 mg, 17%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.118 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 442.2 [M+H]⁺. ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.26 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 4.61-4.70 (m, 1H), 4.40-4.49 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.94 (m, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.12-3.22 (m, 1H), 3.02-3.12 (m, 2H), 2.71-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.36-2.53 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.08 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.58-1.66 (m, 1H), 1.35-1.51 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.33 (m, 2H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −76.92, −68.15.

Example 414 Synthesis of Compound 533

A mixture of compound 1 (50 mg, 0.115 mmol), compound 1A (8.6 mg, 0.115 mmol), CuI (21.8 mg, 0.115 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (75 mg, 0.23 mmol) in NMP (1 mL) was placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 195° C. for 1 h. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned between H₂O (10 mL) and EtOAc (20 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by RP-HPLC (acidic) to give compound 533 (5.3 mg, 12%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.152 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 432.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H-NMR (MeOD 400 MHz): δ 7.32-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 3.90-3.97 (m, 2H), 3.56-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.33 (s, 6H), 3.07 (m, 1H), 2.98-3.03 (m, 2H), 2.90-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.02-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.61-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.32-1.46 (m, 5H), 1.01-1.04 (m, 3H).

Example 415 Synthesis of Compounds 521a and 521b

40 mg of compound 207 was purified by preparative SFC HPLC to give compound 521b (11.3 mg, 28%), LC-MS: t_(R)=1.009 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=411.1 [M+H]⁺; CHIRAL SFC-MS: t_(R)=4.362 min in 8 min chromatography (OD-H_S_(—)4_(—)5_(—)40_(—)3 ML_(—)8 min), MS (ESI) m/z=411.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.71 (s, 1H), 7.38-7.40 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23-7.25 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 2.98-3.05 (m, 3H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 2.59 (s, 3H), 1.83-1.91 (m, 2H), 1.72 (m, 1H), 1.52 (m, 1H), 1.26-1.28 (m, 2H), 1.16-1.18 (m, 2H).

and compound 521a (8.6 mg, 21%), LC-MS: t_(R)=1.017 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=411.1 [M+H]⁺; CHIRAL SFC-MS: t_(R)=5.544 min in 8 min chromatography (OD-H_S_(—)4_(—)5_(—)40_(—)3 ML_(—)8 min), MS (ESI) m/z=411.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ7.71 (s, 1H), 7.38-7.40 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.24-7.26 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 2.98-3.05 (m, 3H), 2.94 (s, 3H), 2.59 (s, 3H), 1.84-1.92 (m, 2H), 1.72 (m, 1H), 1.48-1.55 (m, 1H), 1.16-1.28 (m, 4H).

Example 416 Synthesis of Compound 473

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (50 mg, 0.15 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added compound 1A (33.5 mg, 0.225 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (58 mg, 0.17 mmol). After addition, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=1:1) to give compound 2 with 84% purity (60 mg, 94%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.113 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=399.2 [M+H]⁺

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a mixture of compound 2 (60 mg, 0.15 mmol) was added Lawesson's reagent (60 mg, 0.15 mmol) in toluene (4 mL). The reaction was heated at 130° C. in a CEM microwave reactor for 1 h. After cooling down, the precipitate was filtered off and washed with ethyl acetate (40 mL×2). The filtrate and the washing were concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=1:1) to give compound 3 with 80% purity (38 mg, 62%) as a pale yellow solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.416 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 415.1 [M+H]⁺

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 473

To a solution of compound 3 (38 mg, 0.09 mmol) in MeOH (4 mL) was added NH₃—H₂O (1 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (263 mg, 1.8 mmol). After addition, the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 473 (6.3 mg, 16%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.000 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 398.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400M Hz): δ 7.16 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 4.73 (m, 1H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.14 (m, 1H), 2.93-3.02 (m, 5H), 1.76-2.03 (m, 9H), 1.62 (m, 3H), 1.24-1.39 (m, 4H).

Example 417 Synthesis of Compounds 483 and 484

40 mg of compound 237 was purified by preparative SFC HPLC to give compound 484 (10.3 mg, 28%), LC-MS: t_(R)=0.844 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=388.0 [M+H]⁺. CHIRAL SFC-MS: t_(R)=5.87 min in 15 min chromatography, Column: OJ-H, Method: 5-40_(—)2.5 mL, Co-solvent: MeOH (0.05% DEA); ¹H NMR (MeOD 300 MHz): δ 7.25 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 4.07 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 2H), 3.69 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 2H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.29 (m, 3H), 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.83 (m, 1H), 1.24-1.42 (m, 5H); and compound 483 (8.0 mg, 20%), LC-MS: t_(R)=0.852 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=388.1 [M+H]⁺; CHIRAL SFC-MS: t_(R)=7.92 min in 16 min chromatography, Column: OJ-H, Method: 5-40_(—)2.5 mL, Co-solvent: MeOH (0.05% DEA); ¹H NMR (MeOD 300 MHz): δ 7.25 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 4.07 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 2H), 3.69 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 2H), 3.56 (s, 3H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.29 (m, 3H), 2.04 (m, 2H), 1.83 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.42 (m, 5H).

Example 418 Synthesis of Compound 569

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 21

To a solution of compound 20 (600 mg, 1.53 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) and DMSO (30 mL) was added dppp (314 mg, 0.76 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (171 mg, 0.76 mmol) and Et₃N (6 mL). The reaction was heated at 80° C. under CO atmosphere (40 psi) for 16 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH, 10:1) to afford compound 21 (270 mg, 47%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 22

To a solution of compound 21 (50 mg, 0.134 mmol) in dry toluene (2 mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (55 mg, 0.161 mmol) under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was heated at 120° C. for 2 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc, 1:1) to give compound 22 (45 mg, 86%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 23

A solution of LiAlH₄ (13 mg, 0.348 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was stirred at 0° C. and a mixture of compound 22 (45 mg, 0.116 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was added dropwise. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 2 h. The reaction was quenched by addition of 5 drops of water and 3 M of NaOH aqueous solution. After stirring for 10 min, the mixture was filtered and the filtrated was concentrated to give crude compound 23 (30 mg, 72%), which was used for the next step without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 24

To a solution of compound 23 (30 mg, 0.083 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added NaH (33 mg, 0.83 mmol) at 0° C. After stirring for 30 min, iodo-ethanethe (104 mg, 0.667 mmol) was added dropwise, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched by addition of water (10 mL). The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc, 3:1) to afford compound 24 (23 mg, 67%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 569

A sealed tube was charged with compound 24 (23 mg, 0.055 mmol), NH₄I (81 mg, 0.55 mmol). NH₃-EtOH (2 mL, 5 N) was added, and the vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 120° C. for 2 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removed and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂:MeOH, 10:1) and acidic RP-HPLC to give compound 569 (5.5 mg, 27%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.893 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 372.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.25 (s, 2H), 7.09 (s, 1H), 4.37 (s, 2H), 3.45 (m, 2H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.09 (s, 3H), 3.03-3.06 (m, 3H), 1.89-2.01 (m, 2H), 1.77 (m, 1H), 1.22-1.34 (m, 5H), 1.11 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H).

Example 419 Synthesis of Compound 559 and 560

Compound 341 (40 mg, 0.088 mmole) was purified by preparative SFC to give compound 560 (12.60 mg, 31%), LCMS: t_(R)=0.975 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 452.0 [M+H]⁺; SFC: t_(R)=4.49 min in 15 min chromatography (OJ-H_(—)5_(—)5_(—)40%_(—)2, 35 ML), ee=100%; ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): 7.07 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 4.23 (m, 2H), 3.67 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 2.93-3.06 (m, 1H), 2.84-2.93 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.39-1.72 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.39 (m, 2H), 1.22-1.28 (m, 2H), 1.05-1.10 (m, 1H), 0.40-0.50 (m, 2H), 0.20-0.30 (m, 2H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −72.07.

and compound 559 (10.90 mg, 27%) as a white solid, LCMS: t_(R)=0.958 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 452.1 [M+H]⁺; SFC: t_(R)=6.76 min in 15 min chromatography (OJ-H_(—)5_(—)5_(—)40%_(—)2, 35 ML), ee=98%; ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): 7.07 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 4.23 (m, 2H), 3.72 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 2.93-3.03 (m, 1H), 2.85-2.93 (m, 2H), 1.83-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.73-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.45-1.68 (m, 1H), 1.22-1.32 (m, 2H), 1.10-1.18 (m, 2H), 1.01-1.10 (m, 1H), 0.39-0.50 (m, 2H), 0.22-0.29 (m, 2H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −72.07.

Example 420 Synthesis of Compounds 522 and 523

Compound 274 (50 mg, 0.121 mmol) was re-purified by preparative SFC to give compound 523 (20 mg), LC-MS t_(R)=3.070 min in 7 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 414.5 [M+H]SFC t_(R)=3.652 min in 8 min chromatography (OD-H_S_(—)3_(—)5_(—)40_(—)3 ML_(—)8MIN.M), ee=100%; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): 7.12 (s, 2H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 6.08-6.46 (t, J=76.0 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 1.70-1.90 (m, 3H), 1.40-1.54 (m, 3H), 1.17-1.34 (m, 3H), 0.75 (m, 2H), 0.58 (m, 2H). ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz 19F): δ −81.48.

And compound 522 (24 mg) as a white solid, LC-MS t_(R)=3.061 min in 7 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 414.5 [M+H]⁺; SFC t_(R)=4.179 min in 8 min chromatography (OD-H_S_(—)3_(—)5_(—)40_(—)3 ML_(—)8MIN.M), ee=96%; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.11 (s, 2H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 6.08-6.46 (m, J=76.0 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (m, 1H), 2.95-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 1.70-1.90 (m, 3H), 1.40-1.54 (m, 3H), 1.17-1.34 (m, 3H), 0.75 (m, 2H), 0.58 (m, 2H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz 19F): δ −81.47.

Example 421 Synthesis of Compounds 580 and 581

Compound 309 (40 mg) was purified by preparative SFC column to give compound 581, LC-MS: t_(R)=0.969 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 422.1 [M+H]⁺; SFC: t_(R)=5.77 min in 15 min chromatography ee=96%, Column: OJ-H, Method: 5-40_(—)2.5 mL, Co-solvent: IPA (0.05% DEA); ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.30-7.36 (m, 2H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 3.85-3.99 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.36 (m, 6H), 3.09-3.20 (m, 3H), 2.02-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.44 (m, 6H), 0.86-0.90 (m, 2H), 070-0.72 (m, 2H).

And compound 580, LC-MS: t_(R)=0.967 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 422.1 [M+H]⁺; SFC: t_(R)=6.39 min in 15 min chromatography, ee=96.5%, Column: OJ-H, Method: 5-40_(—)2.5 mL, Co-solvent: IPA (0.05% DEA); ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.35 (dd, J=1.2, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (d, J=8.0 Hz 1H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 3.87-3.98 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.36 (m, 6H), 3.09-3.20 (m, 3H), 2.02-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.46 (m, 6H), 0.86-0.90 (m, 2H), 069-0.72 (m, 2H).

Example 422 Synthesis of Compound 557

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (0.20 g, 0.483 mmol) in DMF (4 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (0.166 g, 0.208 mmol). After addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. Then iodomethane (74 mg, 0.531 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added dropwise via a syringe with stirring. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was partitioned between H₂O (25 mL) and ethyl acetate (25 mL). The separated organic phase was washed with saturated brine (3×20 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give the crude product. The crude was purified by preparative TLC (hexane:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 2 (0.15 g, 73%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (0.2 g, 0.467 mmol) in dioxane (5 mL) was added compound 2A (0.131 g, 0.514 mmol), KOAc (0.132 g, 1.4 mmol). The mixture was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(dppf) (1.6 mg, 0.002 mmol) was added. The mixture was heated to reflux overnight in a N₂ atmosphere. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and the solid was filtered off. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to give the crude compound 3 (0.2 g, crude). It can be used for the next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (0.2 g, crude) in dioxane (10 mL) was added H₂O₂ (10 mL) and HOAc (30 mL). The final solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. Then the solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (hexane; EtOAc=1:1) to give the compound 4 (0.1 g, 65%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (0.1 g, 0.273 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (83 mg, 0.501 mmol) and compound 4A (70 mg, 0.306 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature and monitored by TLC. When the compound 4 was consumed, Sat.NH₄Cl (5 mL) was added to quench the reaction. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×5 mL). The combined organic layers were separated, dried over Na₂SO₄, and evaporated in vacuo to give the crude. The crude was purified by preparative TLC (hexane:EtOAc=3:1) to give the compound 5 (20 mg, 16%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

An 8 mLvial was charged with compound 5 (20 mg, 0.0446 mmol), Lawesson's reagent (19.9 mg, 0.0491 mmol). Toluene (3 mL) was added, and the vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 130° C. for 1 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by preparative TLC (hexane:EtOAc=2:1) to give compound 6 (10 mg, 47%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 557

To a solution of compound 6 (10 mg, 0.022 mmol) in MeOH (2.5 mL) was added NH₃—H₂O (0.5 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (66 mg, 0.447 mmol). After addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc (contained 10% methanol) (50 mL) and H₂O (20 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 557 (2.8 mg, 28%) as a white solid; LC-MS t_(R)=1.015 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 448.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.44 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 6.32-6.69 (m, 1H), 4.61 (m, 1H), 4.15 (m, 1H), 3.16-3.34 (m, 5H), 2.13 (m, 2H), 1.94 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.72 (m, 4H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz 19F): δ −77.00, −81.94.

Example 423 Synthesis of Compound 487

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (1.2 g, 3.17 mmol) in DMF (20 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (530 mg, 3.81 mmol) and compound 1A (0.38 mL, 3.81 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Water (20 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×30 mL). The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by chromatography (petroleum ether: EtOAc=5:1) to afford compound 2 (1.07 g, 80%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (405 mg, 0.964 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) was added compound 2A (294 mg, 1.157 mmol), KOAc (280 mg, 2.892 mmol) and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (120 mg) under N₂. The reaction mixture was refluxed overnight. The solution was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by chromatography (petroleum ether: EtOAc=8:1) to afford compound 3 (450 mg, 98%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (450 mg, 0.96 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added HOAc (1.2 mL) and H₂O₂ (3.6 mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was quenched with Na₂S₂O₃ solution (15 mL), and stirred for 15 min. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×30 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give compound 4 (315 mg, 90%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (80 mg, 0.223 mmol) in DMF (3 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (62 mg, 0.446 mmol) and compound 4A (62 mg, 0.335 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 50° C. overnight. LCMS showed the reaction was completed. Water (10 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=1:1) to afford compound 5 (80 mg, 80%) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 7.12 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 5.31 (s, 1H), 4.23 (m, 3H), 3.91 (m, 2H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.06-2.88 (m, 6H), 2.03 (m, 1H), 1.91 (m, 2H), 1.57 (m, 1H), 1.33 (m, 6H), 1.25 (m, 4H).

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

To a solution of compound 5 (77 mg, 0.172 mmol) in dry toluene (2.5 mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (104 mg, 0.258 mmol) under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was heated in a CEM microwave reactor at 130° C. for 60 min. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 6 (67 mg, 84%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 487

To a solution of compound 6 (67 mg, 0.144 mmol) in MeOH (3 mL) and NH₃—H₂O (0.6 mL) was added t-BuOOH (422 mg, 2.89 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed and the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 487 (19.5 mg, 30%) as a white solid, LC-MS t_(R)=1.032 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 488 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CDCl₃ 400 MHz): δ 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.28 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (m, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 4.19 (m, 1H), 3.95 (m, 2H), 3.38. (s, 3H), 3.12-2.95 (m, 3H), 2.03 (m, 3H), 1.88 (m, 1H), 1.52 (m, 2H), 1.46 (m, 6H), 1.32 (m, 2H), 1.21 (m, 3H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −130.560, −145.261

Example 424 Synthesis of Compounds 479 and 480

Compound 182 (53 mg) was purified by SFC to give compound 480 (15.2 mg), LC-MS t_(R)=0.978 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 458.2 [M+H]⁺; SFC: t_(R)=1.63 min in 10 min chromatography, ee=100%, Column: OD-3, Method: 40_(—)2.5 ml, Co-Solvent: IPA (0.05% DEA); ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.63-7.68 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H), 7.57 (s, 1H), 7.44-7.52 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.16-3.27 (m, 6H), 2.05-2.12 (m, 2H), 1.88-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.33-1.49 (m, 5H).

And compound 479 (20.6 mg) as a white solid, LC-MS t_(R)=1.101 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 458.1 [M+H]⁺; SFC: t_(R)=5.87 min in 10 min chromatography, ee=100%, Column: OD-3; Method: 40_(—)2.5 ml, Co-Solvent: IPA (0.05% DEA); ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆ 400 MHz): δ 7.54-7.70 (m, 4H), 7.36-7.38 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 6.52-6.81 (brs, 1H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 2.95-3.09 (q, 3H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 1.64-1.97 (m, 3H), 1.09-1.36 (m, 5H).

Example 425 Synthesis of Compound 590

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

A solution containing the compound 1A (164 mg, 0.427 mmol) and compound 1 (150 mg, 0.356 mmol) in toluene (8 mL) was deoxygenated by bubbling a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture for 5 min. Then, PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (13 mg, 0.018 mmol) was added. The reaction vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 125° C. for 45 min. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (10 mL) and aqueous CsF (4 M, 10 mL), and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (3×10 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified preparative TLC (petroleum/ethyl acetate=3:1) to give compound 2 (100 mg, 65%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (100 mg, 0.23 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added Pd/C (10 mg, 10 wt %). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for overnight under H₂ atmosphere, LCMS showed only by-product was formed, the reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated, the residue was dissolved in MeOH (10 mL) was added dry Pd/C (10 mg, 10 wt %). The reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for overnight under H₂ (50 Psi) atmosphere, LCMS showed that the reaction was completed. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give compound 3 (80 mg, crude, 80%) as a white solid, which was used directly for next step without further purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

A solution of compound 3 (80 mg, 0.18 mmol) and Lawesson's Reagent (89 mg, 0.219 mmol) in dry toluene (10 mL) was heated at reflux for 5 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. LCMS showed that the reaction was completed, the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH=15:1) to give compound 4 (50 mg, 61%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 590

A mixture of compound 4 (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) and t-butyl hydroperoxide (305 mg of a 65% solution in water, 2.2 mmol) in NH₄OH/MeOH (2 mL/10 mL) was stirred overnight at room temperature, LCMS showed that the reaction was completed, which was concentrated under reduced pressure to dryness. Purification of this residue by preparative TLC (CH₂Cl₂/MeOH=10:1) and preparative HPLC to gave compound 590 (6.7 mg, 14%) as a white solid, LC-MS t_(R)=1.055 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 438.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.11-7.13 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.03-7.05 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 4.07-4.14 (m, 1H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 2.97-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.87-2.93 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.77 (m, 2H), 2.24-2.36 (m, 2H), 1.91-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.48 (m, 1H), 1.25-1.35 (m, 7H), 1.15-1.21 (m, 3H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz 19F): δ −68.09

Example 426 Synthesis of Compound 551

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 37A

To a solution of compound 37 (50 mg, 0.102 mmol) in t-BuOH (2 mL) was added compound 37A (19 mg, 0.152 mmol), K₃PO₄ (32 mg, 0.152 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (5 mg) and 2-di-t-butylphosphino-3,4,5,6-tetramethyl-2′,4′,6′-tri-1-propylbiphenyl (5 mg,). The reaction mixture was heated at 80˜100° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere for 16 h. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated by evaporation in vacuo to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum:EtOAc, 1:1) to afford compound 37A (40 mg, 74%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 551

A solution of compound 37A (50 mg, 0.093 mmol) in HCl/MeOH (10 mL, 5 M) was stirring at room temperature overnight. LCMS showed the reaction was completed and 3 N aqueous NaOH was added until pH=9. MeOH was removed and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). the organic layer was washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by acidic RP-HPLC to give compound VT_B111609_(—)07 (10 mg, 25%) as a white solid, LC-MS t_(R)=0.900 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 434.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.72 (s, 1H), 8.22 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (s, 1H), 7.64 (m, 2H), 7.42 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.16-3.23 (m, 6H), 2.04-2.11 (m, 2H), 1.91 (m, 1H), 1.49-1.53 (m, 4H), 1.35-1.47 (m, 1H).

Example 427 Synthesis of Compound 541

A mixture of compound 1 (50 mg, 0.1 mmol), compound 1A (7.6 mg, 0.1 mmol), CuI (19 mg, 0.1 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (66 mg, 0.2 mmol) in NMP (1 mL) was placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 195° C. for 1 h. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was partitioned between H₂O (10 mL) and EtOAc (20 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by RP-HPLC (acidic) to give the compound 541 (3.5 mg, 9%) as a white solid, LC-MS t_(R)=0.971 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 388.1 [M+H]⁺; ¹H-NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.31-7.38 (m, 2H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 3.13 (s, 3H), 3.07 (m, 1H), 2.98-3.03 (m, 2H), 2.88-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.02-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.61-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.30-1.45 (m, 5H), 1.01-1.04 (m, 3H)

Example 428 Synthesis of Compound 528

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 9

To a solution of compound 8 (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (74 mg, 0.54 mmol). After addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. Then 3-bromo-1,1,1-trifluoro-propane (47.8 mg, 0.27 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) was added dropwise via a syringe with stirring. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. overnight, and then the mixture was filtered off, the filtrate was concentrated to give compound 9 (97 mg, 80%) as a white solid, which was used for the next step directly without purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.392 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 467.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 10

To a solution of compound 9 (90 mg, 0.19 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (10 mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (84 mg, 0.20 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was heated to reflux for 12 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:EtOAc (3:1) to give compound 10 (65 mg, 70%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.503 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 483.1 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 528

To a solution of compound 10 (65 mg, 0.135 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was added NH₃—H₂O (3 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (1 mL). After addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc (contained 10% methanol) (50 mL) and H₂O (20 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by basic RP-HPLC to give compound 528 (28.10 mg, 44%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.150 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 466.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.19 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 3.80-3.86 (t, J=9.6 Hz, 2H), 3.75-3.76 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.06-3.17 (m, 1H), 2.96-3.06 (m, 2H), 2.49-2.60 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.85-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.53-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.53 (m, 2H), 1.10-1.35 (m, 3H), 0.5-0.7 (m, 2H), 0.2-0.4 (m, 2H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −66.67.

Example 429 Synthesis of Compound 572

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (300 mg, 0.79 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (328 mg, 2.37 mmol). After addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. Then compound 1A (96 mg, 0.79 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added dropwise via a syringe with stirring. The mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 1 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between H₂O (50 mL) and ethyl acetate (50 mL). The separated organic phase was washed with brine (3×20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 2 (335 mg, 100%) as a white solid, which was used for the next step directly without purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.094 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=425.0 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (340 mg, 0.8 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (20 mL) was added compound 2A (243 mg, 0.96 mmol), PdCl₂(dppf) (100 mg), and KOAc (235 mg, 2.4 mmol). The mixture was refluxed for 4 h under nitrogen. After cooling down, the mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to give compound 3 (370 mg, crude), which was used for the next step directly without purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.182 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=473.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (370 mg, 0.8 mmol) in THF (8 mL) was added HOAc (3 mL) and H₂O₂ (5 mL), the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Then quenched with aqueous NaHSO₃ (10 mL), extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=1:1) to give compound 4 (200 mg, 70%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.924 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=363.1 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (95 mg, 0.26 mmol) in DMF (5 mL) was added compound 4A (40 mg, 0.26 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (325 mg, 1.0 mmol), the mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 4 h. Then quenched with H₂O (10 mL), extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL), the combined organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1) to give compound 5 (100 mg, 91%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.163 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=419.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 6

A 8 mL vial was charged with compound 5 (130 mg, 0.316 mmol) and Lawesson's reagent (138 mg, 0.342 mmol). Toluene (2 mL) was added, and the vial was sealed and placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 140° C. for 1 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (petroleum ether:EtOAc, 50:1 to 10:1) to give compound 6 (35 mg, 25%) as a whit solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.244 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=435.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 572

To a solution of compound 6 (35 mg, 0.080 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was added NH₃—H₂O (3 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (117 mg, 0.8 mmol). After addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The solvent was removed by evaporation. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 572 (4.8 mg, 14%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.011 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=418.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR: (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.14-7.16 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.81-6.84 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (s, 1H), 4.43-4.57 (m, 2H), 3.89-4.03 (m, 2H), 3.59-3.61 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 3.25 (s, 1H), 2.91-3.09 (m, 3H), 1.76-1.97 (m, 4H), 1.22-1.41 (m, 5H), 1.18-1.21 (m, 6H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 19F 400 MHz): δ −75.932

Example 430 Synthesis of Compound 526

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 10

To a solution of compound 9 (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (74 mg, 0.54 mmol). After addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. Then 1,1-difluoro-2-iodo-ethane (51.8 mg, 0.27 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) was added dropwise via a syringe with stirring. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. overnight. Then the mixture was filtered off, the filtrate was concentrated to give compound 10 (90 mg, 77%) as a white solid, which was used for the next step directly without purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.337 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 435.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 11

To a solution of compound 10 (90 mg, 0.20 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (10 mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (92 mg, 0.22 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was heated at reflux for 12 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel petroleum ether:EtOAc=3:1 to give compound 11 (65 mg, 70%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.439 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 451.1 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 526

To a solution of compound 11 (65 mg, 0.14 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was added NH₃—H₂O (3 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (1 mL). After addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc (contained 10% methanol) (20 mL) and H₂O (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by basic preparative HPLC to give compound 526 (25.20 mg, 40%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.109 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 434.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.19 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 5.92-6.22 (t, J=55.6 Hz, 1H), 3.92-4.04 (d, J=12.4 Hz, 2H), 3.75-3.77 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.17 (m, 1H), 2.96-3.01 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.10 (m, 2H), 1.81-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.63 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.17-1.30 (m, 3H), 0.5-0.7 (m, 2H), 0.2-0.4 (m, 2H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −124.36

Example 431 Synthesis of Compound 525

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 24

To a solution of compound 23 (100 mg, 0.27 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (74 mg, 0.54 mmol). After addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. Then 1-bromo-2-fluoro-ethane (41 mg, 0.27 mmol) in CH₃CN (5 mL) was added dropwise via a syringe with stirring. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. overnight. Then the mixture was filtered off, the filtrate was concentrated to give compound 24 (87 mg, 77%) as a white solid which was used for the next step directly without purification. LC-MS t_(R)=1.303 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 417.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 25

To a solution of compound 24 (87 mg, 0.209 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (10 mL) was added lawsson's reagent (93 mg, 0.23 mmol) under a nitrogen atmosphere, the mixture was heated at reflux for 12 h. After cooling down, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with petroleum ether:EtOAc (3:1) to give compound 25 (63 mg, 70%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=1.406 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 433.2 [M+H]⁺.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 525

To a solution of compound 25 (63 mg, 0.145 mmol) in MeOH (10 mL) was added NH₃—H₂O (3 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (1 mL). After addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc (contained 10% methanol) (20 mL) and H₂O (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by basic RP-HPLC to give compound 525 (39.60 mg, 65%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=1.083 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 416.2 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.19 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 4.59-4.70 (m, 1H), 4.49-4.59 (m, 1H), 3.82-3.95 (m, 2H), 3.75 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.05-3.17 (m, 1H), 2.90-3.05 (m, 2H), 1.95-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.52-1.64 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.52 (m, 2H), 1.10-1.30 (m, 3H), 0.50-0.70 (m, 2H), 0.20-0.40 (m, 2H); ¹⁹F NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ −76.90.

Example 432 Synthesis of Compound 535

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (6.0 g, 15.9 mmol, crude) in DMF (80 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (3.3 g, 23.8 mmol). After addition, the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. Then iodomethane (2.1 g, 15.9 mmol) in DMF (2 mL) was added dropwise via a syringe with stirring. The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was partitioned between H₂O (200 mL) and ethyl acetate (600 mL). The separated organic phase was washed with saturated brine (3×50 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 5 (6.13 g, 90%) as a white solid, which was used for the next step directly without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

To a solution of compound 2 (4.0 g, 10.2 mmol) in toluene (100 mL) was added Lawesson's reagent (4.53 g, 11.2 mmol). The resulting mixture was heated at reflux overnight. After cooling down, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (petroleum ether:EtOAc=10:1) to give compound 3 (4.7 g, 68%) as a whit solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 4

To a solution of compound 3 (4.7 g, 11.5 mmol) in MeOH (450 mL) was added NH₃—H₂O (90 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (31.9 g, 230.4 mmol). After addition, the mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 24 h. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc (contained 10% methanol) (600 mL) and H₂O (100 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give crude compound 4 (3.8 g, 60% purity, 72%) as a white solid, which was used for the next step directly without purification.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 5

To a solution of compound 4 (3.8 g, 60% purity, 9.7 mmol) in THF (40 mL) was added Boc₂O (8.5 g, 38.9 mmol), DMAP (2.4 g, 19.4 mmol) and Et₃N (2 mL, 19.4 mmol). After addition, the mixture was stirred at 40° C. for 24 h. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by column chromatography over silica gel (petroleum ether:EtOAc=10:1) to give compound 5 (1.7 g, 61%) as a whit solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 535

A mixture of compound 5 (50 mg, 0.1 mmol), compound 5A (11.2 mg, 0.1 mmol), CuI (19 mg, 0.1 mmol), and Cs₂CO₃ (66 mg, 0.2 mmol) in NMP (1 mL) was placed into CEM microwave reactor and irradiated at 195° C. for 1 h under nitrogen atmosphere. After being cooled to room temperature, the mixture was added brine (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×30 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by RP-HPLC to give compound compound 535 (15 mg, 36%) as a white solid. LC-MS: t_(R)=0.987 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z 422.0 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.26-7.38 (m, 8H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.10-3.21 (m, 6H), 2.02-2.09 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.30-1.45 (m, 5H).

Example 433 Synthesis of Compound 554

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 2

To a solution of compound 1 (150 mg, 0.38 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) was added compound 1A (82 mg, 0.57 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (371 mg, 1.14 mmol), Pd₂(dba)₃ (7.5 mg), and Xantphos (30 mg) under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was refluxed overnight, then quenched with H₂O (10 mL), the reaction was extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL), the combined organic layer was washed with brine (30 mL), dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄ and concentrated to give the residue, which was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether: EtOAc=1:1) to afford compound 2 (108 mg, 68%) as a white solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 3

An 8 mL vial was charged with compound 2 (116 mg, 0.27 mmol) and Lawesson's reagent (112 mg, 0.27 mmol). Toluene (5 mL) was added, and the vial was refluxed overnight. After cooling down, the solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo and the resulting residue was purified by preparative TLC (petroleum ether:EtOAc=1:1) to give compound 3 (70 mg, 58%) as a whit solid.

Procedure for Preparation of Compound 554

To a solution of compound 3 (100 mg, 0.23 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was added NH₃—H₂O (1 mL) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (219 mg, 4.6 mmol). After addition, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h. The solvent was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc (contained 10% methanol) (10 mL) and H₂O (10 mL). The organic layer was separated and washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC to give compound 554 (6.6 mg, 7%) as a white solid. LC-MS t_(R)=0.915 min in 2 min chromatography, MS (ESI) m/z=419 [M+H]⁺; ¹H NMR (CD₃OD 400 MHz): δ 7.23 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (dd, J=4.0, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 3.67 (m, 2H), 3.52 (m, 2H), 3.48 (m, 2H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 3.09 (m, 1H), 3.04 (m, 2H), 2.50 (m, 2H), 2.05 (m, 2H), 1.83 (m, 1H), 1.49-1.29 (m, 5H); ¹⁹F NMR (19F CD₃OD): δ −96.71.

Example 434 Biological Data A. BACE Enzyme Assay

Inhibitory activity of compounds was assessed by a fluorescence quench assay of BACE activity using commercially available substrate HiLyte Fluor™488-Glu-Val-Asn-Leu-Asp-Ala-Glu-Phe-Lys-(QXLT™ 520)-OH (AnaSpec, San Jose, Calif.) and truncated human beta-secretase (residues 1-458, His₆-tagged at the C-terminus) expressed in insect cells D. melanogaster S2 using a baculovirus expression system (Mallender et al., Characterization of recombinant, soluble beta-secretase from an insect cell expression system., Mol Pharmacol 59:619-26, 2001). The assay was performed at room temperature in 96-well white opaque Optiplates aque Optiplates (PerkinElmer, Waltham, Mass.) in a total volume of 200 μl of the incubation mixture containing 50 mM sodium acetate buffer, pH 4.5, 0.4 μM FRET substrate, 2.4 nM enzyme, 5% DMSO, and 0.05% Brij-35. The tested compounds were serially diluted in DMSO and pre-incubated with the substrate. The reaction was started by addition of enzyme, and the progress of the reaction was followed by measuring fluorescence with an excitation wavelength of 480 nm and an emission wavelength of 520 nm. Ten measurements were taken every 5-10 min, and the intensity of fluorescence was regressed against time in order to derive velocities of reaction in all 96 wells. These velocities were used for calculating percent inhibition using an uninhibited control containing 5% DMSO and a fully inhibited control incubations performed in the absence of enzyme. IC₅₀ values were calculated by fitting percent inhibition vs inhibitor concentration into a four-parametric logistic model using XLFit software (IDBS, Guildford, UK).

B. BACE Cell Assay

H4 neuroglioma cell line that stably expresses Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) containing the KM-NL Swedish mutation (H4-APPsw) was generated. For the assay, cells are treated overnight in the presence of inhibitor and the culture media are subjected to ELISA analysis of soluble Amyloid Beta 1-40 (Aβ 1-40).

Materials

H4 neuroglioma cell line: ATCC, Cat #HTB-148

Dulbecco's Minimal Essential Medium (DMEM): Invitrogen, Cat #11995

Fetal bovine serum (FBS): Hyclone, Cat #SH30070.03)

Penicillin/streptomycin: Invitrogen, Cat#15140-122 Zeocin: Invitrogen, Cat #R25001 0.5% Trypsin/EDTA: Invitrogen, Cat #25300

96-well plate for compound serial dilution in DMSO 96-well deep well plate 96-well Black Polymer BTM P-D-L plate: Nunc, Cat #152037 96-well White polystyrene ½ area optiplate: Corning, Cat #3642

DMSO: Sigma, Cat #494429

Aβ 1-40 ELISA kit: Covance, Cat #sig38940

CellTiter Glo Viability Assay: Promega, Cat #G7571 Aβ 1-40 AlphaLISA kit: PerkinElmer, Cat #AL202F Microscope

Wallac Victor² Multilabel HTS counter PerkinElmer Fusion-Alpha FP-HT Multiplate reader SpectraMax 384 plus plate reader

Generation and Maintenance of H4-APPsw Cell Line

H4 neuroglioma cell line was cultured in DMEM with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Culture Medium) at 37° C., 5% CO₂. The culture plate (150 mm) with 50% confluence of H4 cells was transfected with 15 ug plasmid pcDNA3.1/Neo(+) containing a 2310-bp insert of APPsw at Hind3/XbaI sites. 24 hrs after transfection, the cells were replaced into three new plates (150 mm) in fresh Culture Medium with 250 ug/mL Zeocin. The stably transfected cell colonies were isolated in about 2-3 weeks. The levels of APPsw expression were analyzed by immunoblotting and the production of Aβ 1-40 was detected by ELISA of culture supernatants. The selected clones are maintained in Culture Medium with 250 μg/mL Zeocin and routinely split in 3-4 days to maintain 20-80% confluence.

Assay Protocol Final Assay Conditions (96-Well Plate)

H4-APPsw cells 6 × 10³cells/well DMEM 200 μL DMSO 0.2%

Day 1 Split Cells.

Split H4-APPsw cells in Culture Medium and culture overnight such that cells will be ˜80% confluent next morning.

Day 2 Create Compound Dilution Plate.

After determining the desired final concentration of compound to be tested, create a 500× dilution plate. Add DMSO, but not inhibitor, to each well of Column 1. Use Column 2 for Control Compound (BACE inhibitor IV, EMD Bioscience, Cat #565788) serial dilution starting at 5 mM (final concentration of 2.5 μM). Add compounds of interest at 500× desired final concentration to wells A3-A10. Add DMSO, but not inhibitor, to each well of Columns 11 and 12. Dilute contents of Row A 1:3 in Row B, then continue through Rows C-H.

Create Media Plate.

To create a 2× solution of compound in media, add 996 μL Culture Medium to each well of a 96-well 2 mL deep well plate (Media Plate) in biosafety hood. Add 4 μL 5 mM control compound to Media Plate wells A1-D1 for determination of full inhibition. Add 4 μL from Compound Dilution Plate to corresponding wells of Medium Plate (do not add additional DMSO to wells A1-D1).

Add Media to Cell Plate.

With a multichannel pipettor, mix each well of Media Plate several times to insure homogeneity. Add 1004 of mixture to Black polymer bottom β-D-L plates. Next, place Medium Plate and Cell Plate in the incubator. Add cells to Cell Plate. Trypsinize and count H4-APPsw cells. Dilute cells 6×10⁵ cells/mL in Culture Medium and remove Cell Plate from incubator. Vortex cells to homogeneity, then using a multichannel repeating pipettor, add 100 μL cell suspension to Cell Plate, adding cells from Row H to Row A. Place Cell Plate in incubator.

Change Media in Cell Plate.

After 5 h, check Cell Plate by microscope to insure cells are attached. In culture hood, remove media from Cell Plate using multichannel repeating pipettor. Add 100 μl Culture Medium to each well. Remove Media Plate from incubator and mix with pipettor as previous. Add 100 μl from each well of Media Plate to corresponding well in Cell Plate. Place Cell Plate in incubator overnight.

Day 3 Perform ELISA to Determine Levels of Secreted Aβ 1-40.

After 16 h incubation, spin Cell Plate for 8 min at 1200 rpm. The primary reading of Aβ 1-40 levels is done using PerkinElmer AlphaLISA technology. Follow the manufacturer's protocol for performing AlphaLISA in a white ½ area Optiwell plate using Row 12 for peptide standard (1:2 dilutions, starting at 15 ng/ml). Data are acquired using PerkinElmer Fusion-Alpha FP-HT, Alpha protocol (Count Time 0.6s, Count Time Ratio 30%:70%). To validate IC50 determinations, a second Aβ 1-40 ELISA was performed using a kit from Covance that uses different antibodies to Aβ 1-40 and a different detection method (absorbance at 490 nM) than the PerkinElmer kit.

Perform Viability Assay to Determine Compound Toxicity.

Remove remaining media from Cell Plate and add 100 μL CellTiter Glo reagent to cells. Incubate 9 min at room temperature and read luminescence counts on Wallac Victor² Multilabel HTS counter.

Data Reduction

Export data from Fusion using Columnar Report format into a separate file for each plate. Upload data into Activity Base using RIA-DOSE-RESPONSE protocol (Version 1). Data from at least eight doses were fitted to a four parameter logistical model using XLfit software to determine potency.

Results

The in vitro cell activity studies were carried out for compounds of the invention and the data is shown below:

COMPOUND NO. IC₅₀ 1-4 ***** 5-7 ****  8 *****  9 **** 10 ** 11-12 ***** 13 **** 14 ***** 15 ** 16 ***** 17 *** 18 ***** 19-20 **** 21-23 ** 25 ***** 26 ** 27 * 28-29 **** 30-31 ** 34-35 *** 36 * 38 # 39 * 40-41 ** 42 ***** 43-45 ** 46-47 * 49-50 *** 52 ** 53 # 54 ** 56-57 ** 58 ***** 59 **** # represents IC₅₀ less than 50 μM; * represents IC₅₀ less than 10 μM; ** represents IC₅₀ less than 5 μM; *** represents IC₅₀ less than 1 μM; **** represents IC₅₀ less than 500 nM; ***** represents IC₅₀ less than 100 nM.

Example 435 BACE Assay

For each compound being tested, the BACE activity was monitored in a fluorescence quenching assay (FRET) using the ectodomain of BACE (aa 1-454) fused to a myc-his tag and secreted from HEK293/BACE_(ect). cells into OptiMEM™ (Invitrogen) as enzyme source and a substrate peptide derived from the APP-Swedish mutation which possesses a Cy3-fluorophore at the N-terminus and a Cy5Q-quencher at the C-terminus (Cy3-SEVNLDAEFK-Cy5Q-NH2; Amersham). The substrate was dissolved at 1 mg/mL in DMSO.

The assay was performed in the presence of 5 μl OptiMEM (supernatant collected over 24 hours and cleared from cellular debris by centrifugation) containing the ectodomain of BACE, 25 μl water containing the desired concentration of test compound and 1% DMSO, substrate peptide, 20 mM NaOAc, pH 4.4 and 0.04% Triton-X100 in a total assay volume of 50 μl in a 384 well plate. In general, 25 μl of compound dilution were given to the plate followed by the addition of 10 μl of BACE containing OptiMEM™ diluted 1:2 in water with 0.2% Triton X-100. The reaction was started with the addition of 15 μl substrate in NaOAc buffer. The reaction was incubated at 30° C. in a fluorimeter and the cleavage of the substrate was recorded as kinetic for 60 min. at ex: 530 nm, em: 590 nm. Blank wells containing either no inhibitor or no enzyme were included on each plate.

The intensity of fluorescence was regressed against time in order to derive velocities of reaction in all 384 wells. These velocities were used for calculating percent inhibition using an uninhibited control containing 1% DMSO and a fully inhibited control incubations performed in the absence of enzyme. IC₅₀ values were calculated by fitting percent inhibition vs inhibitor concentration using standard software like GraphPadPrism.

Using this assay protocol, compound dilutions were either done using a Tecan Freedom EV0 (assay format A) or manually using multichannel pipettes (assay format B).

The BACE inhibitor activities of compounds of the invention were tested according to protocols described in Example 434A or Example 435, and are shown below:

Compound No. Structure/Ex. No. IC₅₀ (nM)  1

    2.6^(a)  2

    3.5^(a)  3

    4.5^(a)  4

    4.0^(a)  5

    4.5^(a)  6

    4.8^(a)  7

    5.9^(a)  8

    5.9^(a)  9

    7.0^(a)  10

    7.4^(a)  11

    7.8^(a)  12

    7.9^(a)  13

    8.8^(a)  14

   11.1^(a)  15

   11.2^(a)  16

   11.5^(a)  17

   12.1^(a)  18

   16.8^(a)  19

   14.6^(a)  20

   18.7^(a)  21

   18.9^(a)  22

   19.3^(a)  23

   20.7^(a)  24

   21.0^(a)  25

   26.2^(a)  26

 27

   38.3^(a)  28

   41.7^(a)  29

    5.3^(b)  30

   61.6^(a)  31

   64.0^(a)  32

   74.1^(a)  33

   89.0^(a)  34

   93.3^(a)  35

   104.6^(a)  36

   121.7^(a)  37

   125.6^(a)  38

   130.4^(a)  39

   157.6^(a)  40

   159.6^(a)  41

   161.1^(a)  42

   172.7^(a)  43

   178.4^(a)  44

   189.1^(a)  45

   194.7^(a)  46

   292.9^(a)  47

   295.2^(a)  48

   378.3^(a)  49

   41.7^(a)  50

   443.2^(a)  51

   465.8^(a)  52

   505.8^(a)  53

   514.4^(a)  54

   617.9^(a)  55

   670.4^(a)  56

   204.3^(b)  57

   935.52^(a)  58

   969.7^(a)  59

  1554.9^(a)  60

  1856.1^(a)  61

  3262.1^(a)  62

  4106.0^(a)  63

  5053.9^(a)  64

  36244.8^(a)  65

  50000.0^(a)  66

200000^(a )  67

   138.5^(a)  68

  1778.6^(a)  69

  4702.2^(a)  70

 71

 72

 73

 74

 75

 76

    2.1^(a)  77

 78

 79

 80

 81

 82

   432.3^(a)  83

 84

 85

 86

 87

 88

 89

 90

 91

 92

 93

 94 Ex. 61    222.2^(a)  95 Ex. 62    136.8^(a)  96 Ex. 63    28.3^(a)  97 Ex. 64   3881.1^(a)  98 Ex. 64   3322.6^(a)  99 Ex. 65     2.4^(a) 100 Ex. 66     4.7^(a) 101 Ex. 67    56.7^(a) 102 Ex. 68    14.7^(a) 103 Ex. 69    46.0^(a) 104 Ex. 70    255.1^(a) 105 Ex. 71     8.4^(a) 106 Ex. 72     5.3^(a) 107 Ex. 73    228.1^(a) 108 Ex. 74    156.3^(a) 109 Ex. 75    23.6^(a) 110 Ex. 76    14.6^(a) 111 Ex. 77    195.7^(a) 112 Ex. 78    80.4^(a) 113 Ex. 79    24.6^(a) 114 Ex. 80     9.7^(a) 115 Ex. 81     3.7^(a) 116 Ex. 82    76.7^(a) 117 Ex. 83    17.4^(a) 118 Ex. 84     9.0^(a) 119 Ex. 85  2,312.0^(b) 120 Ex. 85  3,505.0^(b) 121 Ex. 86    56.2^(a) 122 Ex. 87    42.5^(a) 123 Ex. 88 124 Ex. 89    21.5^(b) 125 Ex. 90    263.5^(b) 126 Ex. 91    31.6^(b) 127 Ex. 92    14.9^(b) 128 Ex. 93   1198.0^(b) 129 Ex. 94    28.2^(b) 130 Ex. 95    69.1^(b) 131 Ex. 96 132 Ex. 97    24.9^(b) 133 Ex. 98    38.5^(b) 134 Ex. 99    14.4^(a) 135 Ex. 100     7.3^(a) 136 Ex. 101     8.1^(a) 137 Ex. 102     7.8^(b) 138 Ex. 103    15.6^(a) 139 Ex. 104    13.6^(a) 140 Ex. 105     4.5^(b) 141 Ex. 106    12.9^(b) 142 Ex. 107     2.0^(a) 143 Ex. 108    705.8^(b) 144 Ex. 108    18.9^(b) 145 Ex. 109    16.2^(a) 146 Ex. 110     7.9^(a) 147 Ex. 111     2.2^(a) 148 Ex. 112     5.4^(b) 149 Ex. 113     4.8^(a) 150 Ex. 114     3.0^(a) 151 Ex. 114    207.0^(a) 152 Ex. 115    104.2^(b) 153 Ex. 116    36.6^(a) 154 Ex. 117    30.1^(a) 155 Ex. 118    12.2^(a) 156 Ex. 119    12.2^(b) 157 Ex. 120    342.7^(b) 158 Ex. 121    49.3^(b) 159 Ex. 122    83.9^(b) 160 Ex. 123    53.2^(b) 161 Ex. 124     4.8^(b) 162 Ex. 124    631.3^(b) 163 Ex. 125     8.9 164 Ex. 126     8.9^(b) 165 Ex. 127 166 Ex. 128    11.5^(b) 167 Ex. 129    42.5^(b) 168 Ex. 130    29.3^(b) 169 Ex. 131    20.3^(b) 170 Ex. 132    89.7^(b) 171 Ex. 133    55.8^(b) 172 Ex. 134     7.3^(b)  23 173 Ex. 135    16.7^(b) 174 Ex. 136    23.5^(b) 175 Ex. 136    850.9^(b) 176 Ex. 137 177 Ex. 138     1.5^(b) 178 Ex. 139     0.6^(a) 179 Ex. 140     2.6^(a) 180 Ex. 141     1.1^(a) 181 Ex. 142    198.3^(a) 182 Ex. 143    57.1^(a) 183 Ex. 144     1.0^(a) 184 Ex. 145     3.3^(a) 185 Ex. 146     2.8^(a) 186 Ex. 147 187 Ex. 148     2.6^(a) 188 Ex. 149     1.9^(a) 189 Ex. 150     2.9^(a) 190 Ex. 151    10.5^(b) 191 Ex. 152    101.7^(a) 192 Ex. 153     0.96^(a) 193 Ex. 154     0.8^(a) 194 Ex. 155    17.4^(a) 195 Ex. 156    49.7^(a) 196 Ex. 157    11.5^(a) 197 Ex. 158    29.6^(a) 198 Ex. 159     9.9^(b) 199 Ex. 159    110.7^(b) 200 Ex. 160    269.2^(b) 201 Ex. 161    187.8^(b) 202 Ex. 162    32.3^(b) 203 Ex. 163    79.8^(b) 204 Ex. 164    30.3^(b) 205 Ex. 165     4.9^(a) 206 Ex. 166    40.8^(b) 207 Ex. 167     9.5^(b) 208 Ex. 168    39.9^(b) 209 Ex. 169    813.7^(b) 210 Ex. 170    647.5^(b) 211 Ex. 171    28.5^(b) 212 Ex. 172    32.4^(b) 213 Ex. 172 214 Ex. 173    30.9^(a) 215 Ex. 174    24.0^(b) 216 Ex. 174   1814.0^(b) 217 Ex. 175    32.3^(a) 218 Ex. 176    161.0^(a) 219 Ex. 177    11.2^(b) 220 Ex. 178    23.2^(b) 221 Ex. 179     4.0^(b) 222 Ex. 180    16.0^(b) 223 Ex. 181     5.1^(b) 224 Ex. 181    137.9^(b) 225 Ex. 182    20.0^(a) 226 Ex. 183    350.6^(a) 227 Ex 184    12.0^(a) 228 Ex. 185    72.4^(b) 229 Ex. 186    37.8^(a) 230 Ex. 187    321.3^(b) 231 Ex. 188    161.3^(b) 232 Ex. 189    144.7^(b) 233 Ex. 190    144.8^(b) 234 Ex. 191 235 Ex. 192    368.5^(b) 236 Ex. 193     8.9^(b) 237 Ex. 194    10.6^(b) 238 Ex. 195    42.8^(b) 239 Ex. 196    29.3^(b) 240 Ex. 197    10.0^(b) 241 Ex. 198     9.6^(b) 242 Ex. 198    495.6^(b) 243 Ex. 198     6.5^(b) 244 Ex. 199     3.5^(b) 245 Ex. 199     2.1^(b) 246 Ex. 199    423.4^(b) 247 Ex. 200    55.4^(b) 248 Ex. 201    48.0^(b) 249 Ex. 202    493.0^(a) 250 Ex. 203  2,010.0^(b) 251 Ex. 204  13,500.0^(b) 252 Ex. 205 253 Ex. 206    825.3^(b) 254 Ex. 207    20.4^(b) 255 Ex. 208    618.0^(b) 256 Ex. 209    11.6^(b) 257 Ex. 210     7.4^(b) 258 Ex. 211    639.8^(b) 259 Ex. 212 260 Ex. 213  1,071.0^(b) 261 Ex. 214  2,543.0^(b) 262 Ex. 215  2,226.0^(b) 263 Ex. 216    716.1^(b) 264 Ex. 217    29.2^(a) 265 Ex. 218    634.1^(b) 266 Ex. 219 267 Ex. 220 268 Ex. 221 269 Ex. 221   1000.0^(b) 270 Ex. 222  13,500.0^(b) 271 Ex. 223    10.4^(b) 272 Ex. 224    182.5^(b) 273 Ex. 224    26.1^(b) 274 Ex. 225     8.4^(b) 275 Ex. 226    20.0^(b) 276 Ex. 227 277 Ex. 228    176.6^(b) 278 Ex. 229 279 Ex. 230    13.5^(b) 280 Ex. 231 281 Ex. 232    150.8^(b) 282 Ex. 232   1580.0^(b) 283 Ex. 233    265.3^(b) 284 Ex. 234    35.3^(b) 285 Ex. 235    18.2^(b) 286 Ex. 236    44.9^(b) 287 Ex. 237    473.3^(b) 288 Ex. 238    14.8^(b) 289 Ex. 239    36.1^(b) 290 Ex. 240    15.7^(b) 291 Ex. 241    125.7^(b) 292 Ex. 242   1357.0^(b) 293 Ex. 243    91.1^(b) 294 Ex. 244   22780.0^(b) 295 Ex. 244   3156.5^(b) 296 Ex. 245 297 Ex. 246    17.4^(b) 298 Ex. 247 299 Ex. 248 300 Ex. 249    14.8^(b) 301 Ex. 250    138.6^(b) 302 Ex. 251    333.2^(b) 303 Ex. 252    18.1^(b) 304 Ex. 253     4.7^(b) 305 Ex. 254     4.3^(b) 306 Ex. 255    15.2^(b) 307 Ex. 256     5.3^(b) 308 Ex. 257     9.3^(b) 309 Ex. 258     9.2^(b) 310 Ex. 259    48.9^(b) 311 Ex. 260     7.4^(b) 312 Ex. 261    35.2^(b) 313 Ex. 262    12.3^(b) 314 Ex. 263    11.2^(b) 315 Ex. 264    17.3^(b) 316 Ex. 265    15.6^(b) 317 Ex. 266    17.0^(b) 318 Ex. 267     7.3^(b) 319 Ex. 268    13.7^(b) 320 Ex. 269 321 Ex. 270    22.2^(b) 322 Ex. 271     5.2^(b) 323 Ex. 272     7.1^(b) 324 Ex. 273    10.3^(b) 325 Ex. 274    14.0^(b) 326 Ex. 275    16.1^(b) 327 Ex. 276     5.4^(b) 328 Ex. 277    12.0^(b) 329 Ex. 278     7.4^(b) 330 Ex. 279    24.0^(b) 331 Ex. 280    30.9^(b) 332 Ex. 281    34.9^(b) 333 Ex. 282    11.6^(b) 334 Ex. 282     1.7^(b) 335 Ex. 282     2.2^(b) 336 Ex. 282    206.9^(b) 337 Ex. 282    262.2^(b) 338 Ex. 283    19.5^(b) 339 Ex. 284    22.5^(b) 340 Ex. 285    316.1^(b) 341 Ex. 286    13.5^(b) 342 Ex. 287    37.5^(b) 343 Ex. 288   21970.0^(b) 344 Ex. 289 345 Ex. 290    61.5^(b) 346 Ex. 291   16^(b) 347 Ex. 292    20.4^(b) 348 Ex. 293    12.6^(b) 349 Ex. 294    16.3^(b) 350 Ex. 295    481.5^(b) 351 Ex. 295    39.8^(b) 352 Ex. 296    22.9^(b) 353 Ex. 297    15.8^(b) 354 Ex. 298    47.7^(b) 355 Ex. 299    62.3^(b) 356 Ex. 300    192.0^(b) 357 Ex. 301    12.5^(b) 358 Ex. 302 359 Ex. 303    14.1^(b) 360 Ex. 304    97.8^(b) 361 Ex. 304    185.5^(b) 362 Ex. 305    81.1^(b) 363 Ex. 306    17.3^(b) 364 Ex. 307    24.1^(b) 365 Ex. 308    24.3^(b) 366 Ex. 309 367 Ex. 310    15.8^(b) 368 Ex. 311    24.8^(b) 369 Ex. 312    13.2^(b) 370 Ex. 313     3.5^(b) 371 Ex. 314    24.3^(b) 372 Ex. 315     9.7^(b) 373 Ex. 316    13.5^(b) 374 Ex. 317    28.9^(b) 375 Ex. 318     8.8^(b) 376 Ex. 319    11.3^(b) 377 Ex. 320    16.5^(b) 378 Ex. 321    19.6^(b) 379 Ex. 322    886.8^(b) 380 Ex. 322    415.5^(b) 381 Ex. 323 382 Ex. 324    29.2^(b) 383 Ex. 325     6.2^(b) 384 Ex. 326    18.1^(b) 385 Ex. 327     7.0^(b) 386 Ex. 328     7.8^(b) 387 Ex. 329    15.5^(b) 388 Ex. 330    15.4^(b) 389 Ex. 331    17.2^(b) 390 Ex. 332    26.1^(b) 391 Ex. 332    566.5^(b) 392 Ex. 333    353.0^(b) 393 Ex. 334    17.0^(b) 394 Ex. 335     1.4^(a) 395 Ex. 336     6.7^(a) 396 Ex. 336    213.0^(b) 397 Ex. 336     3.4^(b) 398 Ex. 337    33.8^(b) 399 Ex. 338    74.6^(b) 400 Ex. 339    43.0^(b) 401 Ex. 340    25.6^(b) 402 Ex. 341    72.5^(b) 403 Ex. 342 404 Ex. 343    46.8^(b) 405 Ex. 344    11.4^(b) 406 Ex. 344     6.3^(b) 407 Ex. 344   2134.5^(b) 408 Ex. 345     9.7^(b) 409 Ex. 346    19.1^(b) 410 Ex. 347  566^(b) 411 Ex. 348    91.4^(b) 412 Ex. 349    79.3^(b) 413 Ex. 350    48.3^(b) 414 Ex. 351     6.3^(b) 415 Ex. 352     8.1^(b) 416 Ex. 353    16.1^(b) 417 Ex. 354 418 Ex. 355     8.7^(b) 419 Ex. 356    134.9^(b) 420 Ex. 357    23.1^(b) 421 Ex. 358    14.8^(b) 422 Ex. 359     6.8^(b) 423 Ex. 360    186.2^(b) 424 Ex. 361    53.6^(b) 425 Ex. 362     4.1^(b) 426 Ex. 363     7.0^(b) 427 Ex. 364    182.4^(b) 428 Ex. 365    293.2^(b) 429 Ex. 366   1673.5^(b) 430 Ex. 367 431 Ex. 368    55.8^(b) 432 Ex. 369    80.5^(b) 433 Ex. 370    575.2^(b) 434 Ex. 371    532.7^(b) 435 Ex. 372   2336.0^(b) 436 Ex. 373   2357.0^(b) 437 Ex. 374 438 Ex. 375    79.1^(b) 439 Ex. 376   30000.0^(b) 440 Ex. 377    730.2^(b) 441 Ex. 378   19460.0^(b) 442 Ex. 379   1166.5^(b) 443 Ex. 380   6230.5^(b) 444 Ex. 380   1446.0^(b) 445 Ex. 381    339.7^(b) 446 Ex. 382    4327.0 447 Ex. 383  13,500.0^(b) 448 Ex. 383  1,949.0^(b) 449 Ex. 384    206.8^(a) 450 Ex. 385     8.4^(a) 451 Ex. 386    58.6^(a) 452 Ex. 387     7.0^(a) 453 Ex. 388     6.2^(a) 454 Ex. 389    128.3^(a) 455 Ex. 390   2456.1^(a) 456 Ex. 391    877.2^(a) 457 Ex. 391    1351.28^(a) 458 Ex. 392   3702.8^(a) 459 Ex. 393    693.3^(a) 460 Ex. 394   9805.4^(a) 461 Ex. 395    16.7^(a) 462 Ex. 396     1.4^(a) 463 Ex. 397     1.1^(a) 464 Ex. 398     7.9^(a) 465 Ex. 399     1.2^(a) 466 Ex. 400    13.2^(a) 467 Ex. 401     2.8^(a) 468 Ex. 402    16.7^(a) 469 Ex. 403   1519.7^(a) 470 Ex. 404    67.0^(a) 471 Ex. 405    869.5^(a) 472 Ex. 406  13,500.0^(b) 473 Ex. 416 474 Ex. 407    26.6^(a) 475 Ex. 76   5158.0^(a) 476 Ex. 408    33. l^(a) 477 Ex. 409    693.5^(a) 478 Ex. 409     2.2^(a) 479 Ex. 424    604.1^(b) 480 Ex. 424     4.2^(b) 481

   273.6^(b) 482

   42.8^(b) 483 Ex. 417    960.5^(b) 484 Ex, 417     7.2^(b) 485

   99.1^(b) 486

   87.1^(b) 487 Ex. 423    21.2^(b) 488

   76.3^(b) 489

   92.8^(b) 490

   78.2^(b) 491

   78.2^(b) 492

 403^(b) 493

   29.8^(b) 494

   54.3^(b) 495

   44.3^(b) 496

   187.8^(b) 497

   144.3^(b) 498

   27.1^(b) 499

   148.9^(b) 500

   199.3^(b) 501

   15.8^(b) 502

   521.1^(b) 503

  39^(b) 504

 807^(b) 505

   170.6^(b) 506

   34.3^(b) 507

 128^(b) 508

  48^(b) 509

 267^(b) 510

  61^(b) 511

  9^(b) 512

  77^(b) 513

  9^(b) 514

  8^(b) 515

  10^(b) 516

 890^(b) 517

   877.1^(b) 518

  53^(b) 519 Ex. 411 520

521^(a) Ex. 415   14^(b) 521^(b) Ex. 416  691^(b) 522 Ex. 420  294^(b) 523 Ex. 420     2.4^(b) 524

    5.0^(b) 525 Ex. 431     6.8^(b) 526 Ex. 430     9.0^(b) 527 Ex. 413   16^(b) 528 Ex. 428   10^(b) 529

 128^(b) 530

 115^(b) 531

 169^(b) 532

 320^(b) 533 Ex. 414     8.9^(b) 534

 128^(b) 535 Ex. 432   40^(b) 536

 172^(b) 537

  88^(b) 538

 614^(b) 539

 2440^(b) 540

 138^(b) 541 Ex. 427     4.0^(b) 542

  11^(b) 543

    4.5^(b) 544

  21^(b) 545

    9.4^(b) 546

 212^(b) 547

 157^(b) 548

  23^(b) 549

 110^(b) 550

  77^(b) 551 Ex. 426   12^(b) 552

  25^(b) 553

  34^(b) 554 Ex. 433   30^(b) 555

   149.0^(b) 556

   176.6^(b) 557 Ex. 422F   8^(b) 558

 4,079.5^(b) 559 Ex. 419   7^(b) 560 Ex. 419  3,106.0^(b) 561

   11.7^(b) 562

 8,052.0^(b) 563

   168.7^(b) 564

   60.0^(b) 565

 1,452.5^(b) 566

   134.2^(b) 567

   250.5^(b) 568

   546.7^(b) 569 Ex. 418    13.2^(b) 570

13500^(b) 571

   111.7^(b) 572 Ex. 429     7.0^(b) 573

   57.9^(b) 574

   78.6^(b) 575

576

   108.3^(b) 577

   247.6^(b) 578

    3.9^(b) 579

   15.9^(b) 580 Ex. 421   6^(b) 581 Ex. 421  181^(b) 582

   457.9^(b) 583

   267.8^(b) 584

   423.8^(b) 585

 4,226.0^(b) 586

 2,119.0^(b) 587

 13,500.0^(b) 588

 19,370.0^(b) 589

 4,509.3^(b) 590 Ex. 425 591 Ex. 412 592

  7^(b) 593

  6^(b) 594

  99^(b) 595

 105^(b) 596

 455^(b) 597

  86^(b) 598

  15^(b) 599

  12^(b) 600

 390^(b) 601

 293^(b) 602

    6.2^(b) 603

 102^(b) 604

  31^(b) ^(a)IC₅₀ values were determined according to protocols described in Example 434A. ^(b)IC₅₀ values were determined according to protocols described in Example 435. 

1. A compound represented by the following Structural Formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: ring Het is a 5 membered monocyclic heterocycle or a 6 membered monocyclic heterocycle; X is —O—, —C(R_(a)R_(b))—C(R₃R₄)—, —C(R₃R₄)—C(R_(a)R_(b))— or —C(R₃R₄)—; R_(a) and R_(b) are each independently —H, -halogen, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, methoxy, fluoromethoxy, methoxy(C₁-C₄)alkyl and fluoro(C₁-C₄)alkyl; each R₀ is independent selected from —H, ═O, ═S, ═NR₁₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, —CN, —NO₂, halogen, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, each of the (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl group represented by R₀ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of -halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, —NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —S(O)_(i)R₅—, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —OR₅, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —C(O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃ and —C(═S)R₅, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups in the substituents on the groups represented by R₀ are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₁ is —H, —OH, —(C₁-C₄)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl; wherein each alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, —OH, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₄)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy and halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy; each R₂ is independently selected from a) —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, and —C(═O)R₅; and b) (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₄-C₈)cycloalkenyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, and heteroaryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, wherein each of the (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₄-C₈)cycloalkenyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, and heteroaryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl groups represented by R₂ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)R₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —OC(═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)R₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₄-C₈)cycloalkenyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups in the substituents on the groups represented by R₂ are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₃ and R₄ are each independently —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkynyl, wherein each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkynyl represented by R₃ and R₄ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups in the substituents on the groups represented by R₃ and R₄ are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; or R₃ and R₄, together with the carbon to which they are attached, form ring A, which is a 3-14 membered monocyclic ring, 9-14 membered bicyclic ring or 9-14 membered polycyclic ring, wherein ring A optionally contains 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, and S and when the heteroatom is nitrogen, the nitrogens is substituted with —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, and when the heteroatom is sulfur, the sulfurs is optionally mono or di-oxygenated; and ring A is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of -halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, and heteroaryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups in the substituents on ring A are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₅ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, each of the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl in the groups represented by R₅ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, ═O, —NR₆C(═NH)NR₆R₇, —C(═O)OR_(c), —OR_(c), —SR_(c), —C(═O)NR₆R₇, —C(═O)R_(c), —S(O)_(i)R_(c), —NO₂, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and —NR₆R₇; R_(c) is —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl or (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl; R₆ and R₇ are each independently —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl, or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, all of which groups are optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₈ and R₉, together with the carbon to which they are attached, form ring A, which is a 3-14 membered monocyclic ring, 9-14 membered bicyclic ring or 9-14 membered polycyclic ring, wherein ring A optionally contains 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from O, N, and S and when the heteroatom is nitrogen, the nitrogen is substituted with —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, and when the heteroatom is sulfur, the sulfur is optionally mono or di-oxygenated; and ring A is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of from halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, and heteroaryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups in the substituents on ring A are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; or when R₃ and R₄, together with the carbon to which they are attached, form a ring A, R₈ and R₉ are each independently —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, and —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkynyl, wherein each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₂-C₆)alkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkynyl group represented by R₈ and R₉ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of -halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups in the substituents on the groups represented by R₈ and R₉ are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₁₁ is —H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl, wherein (C₁-C₆)alkyl is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from halogen, CN, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substitutes independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₁₂ and R₁₃ are each independently —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, amino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, di(C₁-C₃)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, wherein the (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl group is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of -halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; or R₁₂ and R₁₃, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a 3-8 membered ring optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₆R₇, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₆R₇, —C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein the 3-8 membered ring optionally contains 1 to 3 additional heteroatoms, which are independently selected from O, N and S, wherein when the additional heteroatom is nitrogen, the nitrogen is substituted with —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, and when the additional heteroatom is sulfur, the sulfur is optionally mono or di-oxygenated; R₁₅ is —H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 5-F. i is 0, 1 or 2; p is 1, 2, 3 or 4; and q is 1, 2 or
 3. 2. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by the following Structural Formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: X is —O—, —CH₂—C(R₃R₄)—, or —C(R₃R₄)—; W is —N(R₁₄), —S—, —O—; Z is —C(═O)—, —C(═S)—, —C(═NR₁₅)—, —O—, —C(═O)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—, —C(═S)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—, —C(═NR₁₅)C(R₁₆R₁₇)—, —N(R₁₈)—, —(CR₁₆R₁₇)_(m)— or —O—(CR₁₆R₁₇)—, provided when W is —S— or —O—, Z is not —O—; R₁ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, or heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl; each R₂ is independently selected from a) —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, and —C(═O)R₅; and b) (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, phenoxy, and benzyloxy, each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; R₃ and R₄ are each independently —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; or R₃ and R₄, together with the carbon to which they are attached, form ring A, which is a 3-14 membered monocyclic ring, 9-14 membered bicyclic ring or 9-14 membered polycyclic ring, wherein ring A is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; R₅ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₇)cycloheteroalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or benzyl, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₆ and R₇ are each independently —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₈ and R₉, together with the carbon to which they are attached, form ring A, which is a 3-14 membered monocyclic ring, 9-14 membered bicyclic ring or 9-14 membered polycyclic ring, wherein ring A is optionally substituted with 1 to 4 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; or when R₃ and R₄, together with the carbon to which they are attached, form a ring A, R₈ and R₉ are each independently —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl, wherein each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; R₁₁ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₁₂ and R₁₃ are each independently —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, amino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, or di(C₁-C₃)alkylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl; or R₁₂ and R₁₃, together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form a 3-8 membered ring optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein the 3-8 membered ring optionally contains 1 to 3 additional heteroatoms, which are independently selected from O, N and S, wherein when the additional heteroatom is nitrogen, the nitrogens is substituted with —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl or halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, and when the additional heteroatom is sulfur, the sulfurs is optionally mono or di-oxygenated; R₁₄ is —H, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy; R₁₅ is —H or (C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₁₆ and R₁₇ are each independently —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl; R₁₈ is —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl; i is 0, 1 or 2; p is 1 or 2; and m is 1 or
 2. 3. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by any one of the following Structural Formulas:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 4. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by any one of the following Structural Formulas:


5. The compound of claim 1, wherein ring A is a 5-7 membered monocyclic ring or a 9-14 membered bicyclic or tricyclic fused ring optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein ring A contains 0 to 2 heteroatoms, which are independently selected from O, N and S.
 6. The compound of claim 5, wherein ring A is selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, cycloheptane, oxepane, 1,3-dioxane, piperidine, 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-benzo[7]annulene, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene, tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[b]oxepine, and 2,3-dihydro-1H-phenalene, each of which is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and phenyl, wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted with F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy.
 7. The compound of claim 1, wherein R₂ is a pyridinyl, thiophenyl, pyrrolyl or pyrimidinyl, each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl.
 8. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by the following Structural Formula:

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R₁₀ is independently selected from the group consisting of -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —S(O)_(i)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —OC(═O)R₅, —C(═S)OR₅, —OC(═S)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═S)R₅, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)R₅, —OC(═O)OR₅, —O(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)OR₅, —NR₁₁(C═S)OR₅, —O(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁(C═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₄-C₈)cycloalkenyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkylcarbonylamino(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, wherein the cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl groups in the groups represented by R₁₀ are each optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl; and s is 0, 1, 2 or
 3. 9. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is represented by the following Structural Formula:


10. The compound of claim 8, wherein R₁₀ is independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl and halo(C₁-C₆)alkoxy.
 11. The compound of claim 10, wherein R₁₀ is independently selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, -Me, -Et, —OMe, —CF₃, —OCF₃.
 12. The compound of claim 10, wherein R₁ is —H and R₁₄, when present, is -Me.
 13. The compound of claim 12, wherein ring A is represented by the following structural formula:

wherein: R₁₉ and R₂₀ are each independently selected from —H, halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, wherein each of the (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, aryl, aryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl, heteroaryl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₆)alkyl groups represented by R₁₉ and R₂₀ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, —CN, —OH, —NR₁₁SO₂(C₁-C₃)alkyl, —NR₁₁C(═O)—(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl.
 14. The compound of claim 13, wherein: R₂₀ is —H and R₁₉ is —OH, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy or (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkoxy.
 15. The compound of claim 12, wherein ring A is represented by the following structural formula:

wherein: R_(g) and R_(h), for each occurrence, are independently —H, -halogen, —CN, —NO₂, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, each (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl represented by R_(b) is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, —OR₅, —SR₅, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁S(═O)_(i)R₅, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —NR₁₁C(═O)R₅, —C(═S)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₉)heterocycloalkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, hydroxy(C₁-C₆)alkyl, cyano(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl; x is an integer from 1 to 4; and y is an integer from 1 to
 6. 16. The compound of claim 15, wherein R_(g) is —H and R_(h) is —H.
 17. The compound of claim 1, wherein: R₁ is —H or —C(═O)(C₁-C₃)alkyl; R₂ is —H, halogen, —CN, —OR₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃, —C(═O)OR₅, —C(O)R₅, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₄-C₆)cycloalkenyl, phenyl, phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl, (C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein the heteroaryl is selected from pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinonyl, pyridazinonyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl, indolyl, quinolyl, quinoxalinyl, triazole and thiophenyl, the heterocycloalkyl is selected from oxetanyl, tetrahydrafuran, tetrapyran, piperidine, pyrrolidinyl and pyrrolidinonyl, and each of (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkenyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₄-C₆)cycloalkenyl, phenyl, phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl and (C₅-C₆)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl groups represented by R₂ is optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from halogen, —CN, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₂-C₆)alkynyl, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —C(O)R₅, —OH, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy and halo(C₁-C₃)alkoxy; and R₁₄, when present, is —H, —OR₅, —NR₆R₇, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, heteroaryl, phenyl, phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein the heteroaryl is selected from pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinonyl, pyridazinonyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl, indolyl, quinolyl, quinoxalinyl and thiophenyl and triazolyl, the (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl is selected from oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, piperidinyl and pyrrolidinyl, and each of the (C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl, (C₃-C₅)heterocycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, heteroaryl, phenyl, phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl and heteroaryl(C₁-C₃)alkyl groups represented by R₁₄ is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from halogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₆)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, —NR₆R₇, —S(O)_(i)R₅, —NR₁₁SO₂R₅, —OH, —COOR₅, —C(═O)R₅, —C(═O)NR₁₂R₁₃ and thiazolyl.
 18. The compound of claim 17, wherein: R₅ is selected from the group consisting of —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, phenyl and phenyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl, wherein the phenyl group in the groups represented by R₅ is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selected from —F, —Cl, —Br, —CN, ═O, —NR₆R₇, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl and (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl; R₆ is —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl; R₇ is —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl or (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl; R₁₁ is —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl; R₁₂ is —H or (C₁-C₃)alkyl; and R₁₃ is —H, (C₁-C₃)alkyl, halo(C₁-C₃)alkyl, (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl(C₁-C₃)alkyl or (C₁-C₃)alkoxy(C₁-C₃)alkyl, or R₁₂ and R₁₃ together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached forms a pyrrolidine or piperidine ring.
 19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent and a compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 20. A method of inhibiting BACE activity in a subject in need of such treatment comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 21. A method of treating a BACE mediated disorder in a subject comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of claim 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the disorder is selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, cognitive impairment, Down's Syndrome, HCHWA-D, cognitive decline, senile dementia, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, degenerative dementia, other neurodegenerative disorders, and glaucoma.
 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the disorder is Alzheimer's disease.
 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the disorder is glaucoma. 